• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

Malaria remains to be one of the most severe global public health concerns. Traditionally, Aspilia Africana and Warburgia ugandensis have been used to treat malaria in several African countries for millennia. In the current study, A. africana calli (AaC), A. africana in vitro roots (AaIR), A. africana wild leaf (AaWL), and W. ugandensis stem bark (WuSB) were dried and pulverized. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the powdered samples, while 80% ethanolic extracts of each sample were assayed for antiplasmodial activity (against Plasmodium falciparum strains DD2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive)) and cytotoxicity. WuSB showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ = 1.57 ± 0.210 ㎍/ml and 8.92 ± 0.365 ㎍/ml against P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively) and selectivity indices (43.90 ± 7.914 and 7.543 ± 0.051 for P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively). The highest total polyphenolic contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 367.9 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g and 203.9 ± 1.43 mg RUE/g, respectively) were recorded for WuSB and the lowest were recorded for AaC. The antiplasmodial activities of the tested plant tissues correlated positively with total polyphenolic content. The high selectivity indices of WuSB justify its traditional applications in treating malaria and present it as a good candidate for discovering new antimalarial compounds. We recommend elicitation treatment for AaIR, which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum DD2, to increase its secondary metabolite production for optimal antimalarial activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1321-1324
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• 2003

To produce anti-malarial drugs, natural products were extracted from 18 species of marine algae by various mechanical methods. Twelve species of marine algae were found to have antiplasmodial activity by inhibiting the growth of the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR-3 with EC/sub 50/ values less than 100 ㎍/㎖. The methanol extract of Neoholmeria japonica had the strongest antiplasmodial activity with EC/sub 50/ value of 62 ㎍/㎖.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2016

The drug-resistance of malaria parasites is the main problem in the disease control. The huge Brazilian biodiversity promotes the search for new compounds, where the animal kingdom is proving to be a promising source of bioactive compounds. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of the compounds obtained from the toad venoms of Brazilian Amazon. Toad venoms were collected from the secretion of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The powder was extracted at room temperature, yielding 2 extracts (RG and RM) and a substance ('1') identified as a bufadienolide, named telocinobufagin. Growth inhibition, intraerythrocytic development, and parasite morphology were evaluated in culture by microscopic observations of Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Cytotoxicity was determined against HepG2 and BGM cells by MTT and neutral red assays. The 2 extracts and the pure substance ('1') tested were active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain, demonstrating lower $IC_{50}$ values. In cytotoxic tests, the 2 extracts and substance '1' showed pronounced lethal effects on chloroquine-resistant P. faciparum strain and low cytotoxic effect, highlighting toad parotoid gland secretions as a promising source of novel lead antiplasmodial compounds.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.408-409
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• 2008

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2022

The development of drug resistance is one of the most severe concerns of malaria control because it increases the risk of malaria morbidity and death. A new candidate drug with antiplasmodial activity is urgently needed. This study evaluated the efficacy of different dosages of aqueous extract of Strychnos ligustrina combined with dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine phosphate (DHP) against murine Plasmodium berghei infection. The BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 10 mice. The growth inhibition of compounds against P. berghei was monitored by calculating the percentage of parasitemia. The results showed that the mice receiving aqueous extract and combination treatment showed growth inhibition of P. berghei in 74% and 94%, respectively. S. ligustrina extract, which consisted of brucine and strychnine, effectively inhibited the multiplication of P. berghei. The treated mice showed improved hematology profiles, body weight, and temperature, as compared to control mice. Co-treatment with S. ligustrina extract and DHP revealed significant antimalarial and antipyretic effects. Our results provide prospects for further discovery of antimalarial drugs that may show more successful chemotherapeutic treatment.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2009

Essential oils are mixtures of volatile, lipophilic compounds originating from plants. Some essential oils have useful biological activities including antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial, and insect-repelling activities. In this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of essential oil prepared from the aromatic plant, Cymbopogon citrates, against three important plant pathogenic and medical microorganisms, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger. It effectively inhibited the growth of the bacterium, Pectobacterium carotovorum, in a dose-dependent fashion, and 0.5% of the oil inhibited the growth of bacteria completely. Similarly, the essential oil inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the addition of 1% of essential oil completely inhibited the growth of fungus even after 5 days of culture. Finally, it effectively inhibited the growth of the medically and industrially important fungal species, Aspergillus spp. These results suggest that the essential oil from Cymbopogon citrates may be an environmentally safe alternative to inhibit antimicrobial agents for various uses.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Covalent attachment of 1, 4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) based endoperoxide forming subunits to a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) backbone has been achieved. The functionalized polymer materials prepared and characterized here can serve as biocompatible carrier systems for studying cellular uptake, intermediate storage and delayed release of singlet oxygen, which opens up new doors for optimizing a variety of medical applications of photogenerated DMN-endoperoxides such as antiviral, antibacterial, antiplasmodial and antitumor activity.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2014

Reactive oxygen species are known to mediate various pathological conditions associated with malaria. In this study, the antioxidant potential of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts, an indigenous antimalarial remedy, was evaluated. Total phenol, flavonoid, selenium, vitamins C and E contents of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts were determined. The free radical scavenging activities of the extracts against DPPH, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide coupled with their reducing power were also evaluated in vitro. Moreover, responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in a rodent malaria model to a 4-day administration of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts were also evaluated. The methanolic extract was found to contain the highest amounts of antioxidant compounds/element and also demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity in vitro. The results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SOD and CAT activities with a concurrent significant (p < 0.05) increase in GPx and GR activities in both erythrocytes and liver of untreated Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected animals compared to the uninfected animals. The extracts were able to significantly increase (p < 0.05) SOD and CAT activities and significantly reduce (p < 0.05) GPx and GR activities in both the liver and erythrocytes compared to those observed in the untreated infected animals. The results suggest the augmentation of the antioxidant system as one of the possible mechanisms by which Clerodendrum violaceum extract ameliorates secondary effects of malaria infection, alongside its antiplasmodial effect in subjects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

Eighteen methanol extracts of herb-medicine used for malarial and antipyretic therapies in Korea were assessed for their antimalarial activities. Eighteen extracts showed evident antimalarial activity with $EC_50$ values ranged from $2.8\;to\;110mg/m{\ell}$. Evodia fructus showed the antimalarial activity of $EC_50\;=\;4.1\;mg/m{\ell}$ and higher selective toxicity(>8) with no cytotocixity for mammalian cells. This indicated that Evodia fructus is potent for a new effective and safe antimalarial agent. The methanol extract of Physalli radix had also strongest antiplasmodial activity with $EC_50$ value of $2.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Essential oil은 식물로부터 추출한 휘발성의 호지방성 화합물로서 essential oil은 잠재적으로 항균, 항진균, 진경련, 항말라리아성, 곤충퇴치능력 등의 생물학적 효과를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방향식물에서 추출한 Citral, Pineole, Linalool, Eugenol, Limonene, Pinene 등으로 구성된 다섯종류의 essential oil을 사용하였으며, 여덟 군의 중요한 병원성 세균인 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Streptococcus sanguis(S. sanguis), Streptococcus anginosus(S. anginosus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(A. actinomycetem- comitans), Streptococcus sobrinus(S. sobrinus), Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis), Esherichia coli (E. coli)에 대한 저항성으로서 항균능력을 평가하였다. Essential oil의 항균능력은 용액희석방법을 사용하여 검사하였으며, essential oil 농도범위는 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.625 mg/mL, 0.516 mg/mL, 0.3125 mg/mL, 0.078 mg/mL, 0.039 mg/mL, 그리고 0.015 mg/mL였다. Essential oil은 용량 의존적으로 시험 균주의 성장을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, NM을 제외하고 R, LG, FR, O oil은 저농도에서 구강 병원성 미생물의 성장을 억제하였다. 또한 사용된 essential oil은 E.coli와 S. epidermidis의 성장에는 탁월한 억제효과를 보이지는 못했으나 구강 병원성 미생물에 대해서는 특별한 성장 억제효과를 나타냈다.