• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2019

Objectives This study is to investigate anti-obesity effects of Banggihwanggi-tang-hap-yeonggyechulgam-tang (BY), an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods Fourty five male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (Nor, n=9), high fat diet control group treated with water (Veh, n=9), high fat diet group treated with orlistat (Oris; n=9, Orlistat 40 mg/kg), high fat diet group treated with low concentraion BY (BYL; n=6, BY 0.87 g/kg) and high fat diet group treated with high concentration BY (BYH; n=6, BY 1.74 g/kg). Results Seven weeks later, antioxidative capacity, body weight, epididymal fat pad and liver weight, reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and histology of liver were evaluated. In the BYH group, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity were more than L-ascorbic acid. Body weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. Epididymal fat pad and liver weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. ROS and $ONOO^-$ were significantly less than with Veh group. ALT and AST were significantly less than with Veh group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly less, HDL were significantly more than Veh group. SOD, catalase, Gpx, HO-1 significantly increased compared with Veh group. Injury on liver was lesser than Veh group. Conclusions It can be suggested that BY has anti-obesity effects in high fat diet induced obese mice model.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

에르고티오네인은 생체 내에서 우수한 항산화제로서 산화스트레스로부터 세포 보호제로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 에르고티오네인의 라디칼 소거 활성은 자외선에 조사된 사람 섬유아세포 생존율을 향상 시키는 것을 확인하였으며, 세포노화 지표물질인 senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) 활성을 사람 섬유아세포를 이용하여 확인한 결과, 에르고티오네인 $400{\mu}M$ 처리 농도에서 염색된 세포의 수가 약 45%의 SA-${\beta}$-gal의 레벨이 감소하여 세포 노화(senescence)를 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 에르고티오네인은 글리세르알데하이드에 의해 유도된 최종당화산물(AGEs) 생성을 저해하였으며, 카르복시메칠라이신(CML) 발현을 농도의존적으로 저해하는 것으로 나타내었다. 글리옥살에 의해 최종당화산물의 수용체(RAGE)가 발현된 사람 섬유아세포에 에르고티오네인을 처리하였을 때 RAGE의 발현이 농도의존적으로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 에르고티오네인의 항노화 효과와 최종당화산물의 세포 내 축적을 저해할 수 있는 화장품 소재로서 활용가치가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), a perennial plant, has been used as a low-calorie sweetener and is being developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial diseases, and microbial infections. Despite the common use of its leaves and stem, the bioavailability of the components present in S. rebaudiana flowers, when used as ingredients of cosmetics, has not been well investigated. Herein, we investigated the antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects of an aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana flowers (Stevia-F). Total flavonoid and phenolic content in Stevia-F were determined to be $8.64{\pm}0.23mg$ of quercetin equivalents/100 g and $631.5{\pm}2.01mg$ of gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of Stevia-F for reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities were 5541.96, 131.39, 466.34, and $10.44{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Stevia-F showed inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase ($IC_{50}=134.74{\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=114.81{\mu}g/mL$) activities. No significant cytotoxicity of Stevia-F was observed in B16F10 cells, treated with up to $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract for 24 and 48 h (p > 0.05). Stevia-F ($1-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells (p < 0.05) and also inhibited the cellular tyrosinase activity (p < 0.05). Overall, our results show that Stevia-F possesses potential for inhibiting tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities and has significant antioxidant capacity. The antimelanogenic potential of Stevia-F should extend the usage of S. rebaudiana flowers in the development of skin-whitening products.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Ginger was steamed at $121^{\circ}C$ and $1.5lb/in^2$ for 30 min, dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12 h, and each step was repeated nine times. During processing, the lightness ($L^*$ value) and yellowness ($b^*$ value) decreased from $85.65{\pm}0.33$ and $26.99{\pm}0.20$ in the non-treated ginger to $56.91{\pm}0.25$ and $16.69{\pm}0.06$ in ginger treated for the ninth treatment. On the other hand, redness ($a^*$ value) increased from $-1.51{\pm}0.03$ to $7.34{\pm}0.08$ on the eight treatment and then decreased to $7.21{\pm}0.04$ on the ninth theatment. The contents of 6-gingerol decreased from $3.257{\pm}0.067mg/g$ in the non-treated ginger to $0.567{\pm}0.036mg/g$ on the theatment, whereas the contents of 6-shogaol increased from $1.299{\pm}0.050mg/g$ to $2.999{\pm}0.089mg/g$ on the sixth treatment and decreased to $2.099{\pm}0.039$ on the ninth treatment. The contents of 10-gingerol decreased slightly from $1.106{\pm}0.125mg/g$ to $0.806{\pm}0.026mg/g$. Unlike the 6- and 10-gingerol, the contents of 8-gingerol did not change greatly, with values between $0.916{\pm}0.005mg/g$ and $1.106{\pm}0.005mg/g$ being observed during processing. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities were increased from $43.42{\pm}11.45%$ in the non-treated ginger to 100% on the sixth treatment and then decreased to $51.98{\pm}7.36%$ on the theatment. The antioxidative activity was retained during processing.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.846-853
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• 2019

천궁은 동양 전통 의학에서 사용되고 있는 식물로 항진통, 부인과 질환, 항산화활성, 뇌질환에 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 전통발효식품인 김치에서 분리된 Lactobacillus plantarum BHN-LAB 129를 이용해 발효한 천궁 추출물의 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. 발효하지 않은 천궁 추출물에 비해 L. plantarum BHN-LAB 129 발효 천궁 추출물에서 총 폴리페놀 함량은 약 161.2%, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 약 281.0% 증가된 것을 확인하였다. 또한, SOD 유사활성능, ABTS radical 소거활성능, DPPH radical 소거 활성능, 환원력은 각각 약 139.9%, 199.6%, 301.0% 및 137.1% 증가된 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통해 L. plantarum BHN-LAB 129을 이용한 생물전환을 통한 천궁 발효 추출물의 항산화능 증대에 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 생물전환기술은 생리활성을 증대시키기 위한 매우 유용한 기술임을 확인하였으며, 생물전환기법을 통한 기능성 식품소재 및 화장품 소재 개발 및 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2019

지방산과 이차대사물질들의 프로파일들을 종합적으로 비교한 결과 지방산의 함량이 높은 Okdong, Deulsaem, Daesil 품종의 총 페놀화합물과 항산화 활성은 낮았으나 Joim, Yeupsil, Danjo 품종은 지방산과 총 페놀화합물 함량이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 확인되었으며 Yeupsil 품종이 그 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 기름의 함량만으로는 Okdong과 Deulsaem 품종이 우수한 반면 기름 함량과 다양한 건강기능성을 갖고 있는 것으로 확인된 rosmarinyl glucoside와 rosmarinic acid을 비롯한 기능성 이차산물의 함량도 높은 것을 고려한다면 Yeupsil 품종이 우수한 것으로 확인되어 들기름 뿐만 아니라 들깨가루용으로도 적합할 것으로 사료된다. 반면에 지방산 함량과 이차대사물질의 함량이 낮은 것으로 확인된 Dasil, Daeyeop, Saeyeupsil 품종은 식품 가공용 들깨 품종으로는 적합하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

기능성 화장품 소재로서 활용할 수 있는 효모의 분리를 위하여 순창군 베리류 및 과수원 토양에서 분리주 80종을 1차로 선별하였다. 80종의 분리주를 대상으로 항산화 활성 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 51.41%, SOD 활성은 62.23%, tyrosinase 저해 활성 64.75%로 가장 우수한 FT4-4를 최종적으로 선별하였다. 18S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 Saccharomyces cerevisiae FT4-4로 명명하였으며, API ZYM을 이용하여 세포 외 효소 활성을 추가로 측정하였다. 발효 시간에 따른 균체 성장 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성의 변화를 측정한 결과 배양 후 16시간에 최대 균체량인 3.16 g/l와 67.68%의 tyrosinase 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한, S. cerevisiae FT4-4의 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위한 세포 독성과 melanoma B16F10 세포 멜라닌 억제능을 확인한 결과, 세포독성은 50 mg/ml 이하의 농도에서 100% 이상의 세포 생존율을 보였으며, 시료 10 mg/ml에서의 멜라닌 생합성 저해능은 72.02%로 측정되었다. 향후 FT4-4의 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위해서는 생산 수율을 증가하기 위한 생산조건 확립 이외에도 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 독성연구 등 다양한 연구가 수반되어야 하나, 본 연구에서의 항산화 및 미백 효능만으로도 충분히 활용할 가치가 있는 소재로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2021

Background: We recently showed that gintonin, an active ginseng ingredient, exhibits antibrain neurodegenerative disease effects including multiple target mechanisms such as antioxidative stress and antiinflammation via the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spinal disease characterized by neurodegenerative changes in motor neurons with subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis and death. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS are still elusive, and therapeutic drugs have not yet been developed. We investigate the putative alleviating effects of gintonin in ALS. Methods: The G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse ALS model was used. Gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration started from week seven. We performed histological analyses, immunoblot assays, and behavioral tests. Results: Gintonin extended mouse survival and relieved motor dysfunctions. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed that gintonin increased the survival of motor neurons, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, choline acetyltransferase, NeuN, and Nissl bodies compared with the vehicle control. Gintonin attenuated elevated spinal NAD(P) quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and decreased oxidative stress-related ferritin, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia, S100β-immunoreactive astrocyte, and Olig2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes compared with the control vehicle. Interestingly, we found that the spinal LPA1 receptor level was decreased, whereas gintonin treatment restored decreased LPA1 receptor expression levels in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse, thereby attenuating neurological symptoms and histological deficits. Conclusion: Gintonin-mediated symptomatic improvements of ALS might be associated with the attenuations of neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the spinal LPA1 receptor regulations. The present results suggest that the spinal LPA1 receptor is engaged in ALS, and gintonin may be useful for relieving ALS symptoms.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2021

본 연구에서 사용된 와송(Orostachys japonica A. Berger)은 암 치료를 위한 민간요법으로 오랫동안 사용되어 온 약초이다. 본 연구에서는 와송(Orostachys japonica A. Berger) 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항산화 효능 활성에 대하여 실험한 결과를 보고한다. 와송(Orostachys japonica A. Berger) 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항산화 효능은 0.10 mg/mL 농도에서 78.54%의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 보였고, 73.48%의 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거활성을 나타내어 항산화 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 대체실험동물 모델인 제브라피쉬를 이용한 독성실험 결과에서는 모든 농도에서 100%의 배아 생존율을 보이고 응고 또는 부화지연을 관찰할 수 없어 독성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, UV-B조사에 의해 유도된 ROS생성은 와송 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 처리한 모든 larvae에서 전체적으로 형광강도가 감소하였다. 특히 3 ㎍/mL 농도에서 양성대조군 대비 35.7%의 감소율을 보여 효과적으로 ROS 생성을 억제하였음을 확인하였다. 위와 같은 결과로 미루어보아, 와송 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 천연 항산화제로서 화장품 분야에서 응용 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.729-744
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a biomarker for oxidative stress to induce inflammation. Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid with antioxidative activity. On the other hand, the evidence on whether and how methionine can depress HNE-derived inflammation is lacking. In particular, the link between the regulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and methionine intake is unclear. This study examined the link between depression from HNE accumulation and the anti-inflammatory function of ⳑ-methionine in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Wistar rats (3-week-old, weighing 70-80 g) were administered different levels of ⳑ-methionine orally at 215.0, 268.8, 322.5, and 430.0 mg/kg body weight for two weeks. The control group was fed commercial pellets. The hepatic HNE contents and the protein expression and mRNA levels of the inflammatory mediators were measured. The interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were also estimated. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, hepatic HNE levels were reduced significantly in all groups fed ⳑ-methionine, which were attributed to the stimulation of GST by ⳑ-methionine. With decreasing HNE levels, ⳑ-methionine inhibited the activation of NF-κB by up-regulating inhibitory κBα and depressing phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B. The mRNA levels of the inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrotic factor alpha) were decreased significantly by ⳑ-methionine. In contrast, the protein expression of these inflammatory mediators was effectively down regulated by ⳑ-methionine. The anti-inflammatory action of ⳑ-methionine was also reflected by the up-regulation of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation and the depression of inflammation in growing rats, which was attributed to ⳑ-methionine availability. The anti-inflammatory mechanism exerted by ⳑ-methionine was to inhibit NF-κB activation and to up-regulate GST.