• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.646-653
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the effect of ${\gamma}$ irradiated beef feeding on antioxidant vitamin levels and defense enzyme activities in diethylnitrosamine(DEN) initiated rats. Weaning Sprague Dawley male rats were fed the diet containing ${\gamma}$ irradiated ground beef at the dose 0, 3, 5 kGy as a 20% of protein source for 8 weeks. One week after feeding, rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with a dose of DEN(50mg/kg BW). As a promoter, 0.05% phenobarbital was fed in drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. At the end of 8th week, serum level of vitamin C, serum and hepatic levels of retinol and tocopherol were determined. In addition, activities of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase, catalase and hepatic superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured. By ${\gamma}$ irradiation, there was no significant effect on serum and hepatic levels of vitamin C and tocopherol except a significant decreasing effect on hepatic retinol level. There was also no significant effect on the activities of enzymes involved in antioxidative defense system, However, DEN treatment led to a significant increase in activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione S transferase while the activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased. The activities of hepatic SOD and catalase were not changed by DEN treatment. Overall results indicate that the consumption of low dose of ${\gamma}$ irradiated beef does not affect antioxidative defense system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative enzymes and isozymes between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties at the booting stage under cold water stress $(13^{\circ}C)$ in japonica rice. Total SOD, CAT, POX, and GR activities on the basis of protein were found to be important factors to defend cold water stress. Especially, SOD and CAT activities showed distinctive differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties. Chilling-tolerant varieties were higher than chilling-susceptible varieties for SOD and CAT activities. One of eight isozyme bands for SOD was a inducible isoform. Three isozymes for CAT and one isozyme for POX were closely correlated with defense to cold water stress. Total GR activities except Stejaree 45 on the basis fresh weight and POX were increased by cold water stress, but there was no difference between chilling-tolerant and -sus­ceptible varieties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

This study investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nutmeg (water, ethanol extract and essential oil). The total phenol contents of water, ethanol extract and essential oil were 3.4%, 16.9%, and 3.2%, respectively. Hydrogen donating abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.9%, 41.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid substrates were in the order of BHT > ethanol > extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > essential oil > water extract. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid emulsion substrates were in the order of BHT > water extract > essential oil > ethanol extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In antimicrobial activity, ethanol extract showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis, and the essential oil showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus. However, no antimicrobial activity of water extract was observed. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.5%, 28.8% and 98.8%, respectively, and the ACE inhibitory activities were 0.2%, 11.0% and 10.0%, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of Camellia japonica extracts for cosmetic applications. Antimicrobial effects of C. japonica were determined against Bacillus cereus by methanol extract of new leaf, stem and stem-leaf; Malassezia pachydermatis, by methanol extract of new leaf and stem-leaf. A methanol extract of new leaf of C. japonica showed strong antimicrobial effect using paper disc method against most species especially in Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidative activities of C. japonica seed oils were determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The value of $EC_{50}$ of DPPH scavenging activity was 500 mg/mL and that of ABTS scavenging activity was 96.10 mg/mL. C. japonica oil extracts showed lower antioxidative activities than those of gallic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Electron microscopic observation of damaged virgin hairs of different ages gave a stabilizing effects after C. japonica seed oil treatment. These results indicated that the extracts of stem, leaf and seed of C. japonica could be used as cosmetic ingredient combined with appropriate formula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1990

Antioxidative effects of soybean paste(SP) on the lipid oxidation were studied with the model systems of ground cooked meat(GCM)-SP or ground cooked fish(GCF)-SF and model systems of linoleic acid mixture(LA)-SP powder (SPP) or LA-SP extract fractions during oxida-tion reaction. SP played a role as an antioxidative substance in the system employed especially in GCM-SP and the antioxidative activity was increased with the increase of SP addition in the system of GCF-SP during storage at 6$^{\circ}C$ SPP also exhibited some antioxidative activity during the oxidation reaction of LA. the activity was increased as the concentrations of SPP increased in the range from 0.1% to 0.5% Considerable antioxidative activities have been observed in both water soluble and lipid soluble fractions from SP on LA reaction system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.973-980
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• 2004

To evaluate the antioxidative effect of rice coated with maengjong-juk extract in vivo system, rice coated with maengjong-juk extract diets were fed to NZW rabbit for 16 weeks and lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidative enzymes and total glutathione content in tissues were measured. TBARS contents in liver and spleen were significantly decreased in maengjong-juk extract diet group compared to control group, while those in kidney and heart tissue were not significantly different. Maengjong-juk extract diet suppressed the protein oxidation significantly in liver, spleen, kidney and heart tissues. Hepatic total SOD, Cu$.$Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities of maengjong-juk extract diets were significantly higher than those of control diet. GSH-Px and catalase activities of maengjong-juk extract diet were higher than those of control, while GR activities show no significant difference between the two groups. Total hepatic glutathione content was significantly increased by maengjong-juk extract diet. According to this study, many antioxidative materials and phytochemicals in maengjong-juk extracts seems to protect tissues from oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in atherosclerotic rabbit fed high cholesterol diet.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activity of crackers made with a guava(Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf extract harvested in Korea. Guava leaf extraction using boiling water showed significantly higher antioxidative activities than extracting using 70% ethanol based on the higher total phenolic contents, FRAP, and ABTS assays(p<0.05). The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract, and 0.075% BHT were stored at $63^{\circ}C$ for 7 days for the Schaal oven test, and the oxidative stability(AV, POV), antioxidative activity(DPPH, FRAP, ABTS assay), and sensory evaluation were compared. The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract were found to have a higher oxidative stability than the control due to a lower acid value and peroxide value after 7 days of storage. The antioxidative activities of the crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract was the highest after 7 days as determined in the DPPH and ABTS assay, and was lower than crackers containing 0.075% BHT after 4 days as assessed by the FRAP assay. In the sensory evaluation, the crackers containing the 1% guava leaf extract had the highest scores in terms of taste, texture, and overall palatability than others at increasing storage time. As a result, the addition of 1% guava leaf extract harvested in Korea increased the antioxidative effect as well as the sensory acceptability of crackers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2008

Antioxidative activity and inhibitory activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE), aminopeptidase N(APN) and $\alpha$-amylase were investigated in the methanol extracts from 25 fern plants native to Jeju Island, in order to screen the plant species containing bioactive materials for functional foods or medicines. The antioxidative activity was higher in Cytomium fortunei(41.9%) and Rumohra standishii(34.1%) than in leaves of Thea sinensis(30.9%), a small tree for antioxidative beverage. Inhibitory activities of ACE and APN were relatively high in Cytomium fortunei as 26.7% and 28.2% respectively. $\alpha$-Amylase inhibitory activity was higher than 50% in 10 species. Particularly, Cytomium fortunei(87.4%) and Dryopteris erythrosora(71.6%) showed the inhibitory activities higher than those of other form plants. Of 25 fern plants investigated here, Cytomium fortunei showed not only the highest antioxidative activity but also the highest inhibitory activity of ACE, APN and $\alpha$-amylase. It suggests that Cytomium fortunei could be potentially used as a resource of bioactive materials for fuctional foods or medicines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-368
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Korean native plant diets on lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolisms and also antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210.3$\pm$2.7g were blocked into ten groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 5%(w/w) plant powder-Ssook(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis HARA), Chamchwi(Aster scaber THUNB), Gomchwi(Lingularia fischeri TUBCZ). or Solbeerum (Portulaca oleracea LINNE). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significantly lower in Cd-exposed groups, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significanlty lower in Cd-exposed groups. Plasma total lipid level, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerde concentrations, and fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were decreased by Cd administration. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Chamchwi groups together with increased fecal total lipid and triglyceride excretions. Cholesterol concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Gomchwi groups with increased fecal cholesterol excretions. Activities of red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD), and liver catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were decreased significantly by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Administration of plant diets decreased plasma and liver catalase, SOD and GSH-px activities in Cd-free diet groups and increased them in Cd-administered groups. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations were decreased in animals fed plant diets, with Chamchwi showing the most effective antioxidative capacity. The concentration of Cd accumulated in blood and tissue decreased in Cd-exposed groups fed plant diets. Liver Cd concentration were lower in the Chamchwi and Gomchwi groups, and kidney Cd levels were lower in the Ssook and Chamchwi groups. Among them, Chamchwi was the most effective in Cd detoxification. In conclusion, Chamchwi and Gomchwi were effective in lowering tissue lipid levels, with Chamchwi having the greatest antioxidative and detoxifying effects.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.950-957
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• 2009

Mustard Leaf Kimchi (MLK) is a traditional fermented Korean vegetable food. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of part vacuum treatment on MLK packed in a glass bottle during fermentation. There have been a few previous studies that examined the chemical and microbial changes during MLK fermentation. However, the major object of this study was to investigate the antioxidative activities of vacuum treated MLK. In this study, the antioxidative activity of vacuum treated mustard leaf Kimchi (VM) and control mustard leaf Kimchi (CM) were examined. VM and CM were fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. A model system was designed to evaluate the antioxidative activity of crude chlorophylls and carotenoids (CCC) extracts from Mustard leaf Kimchi. The oxidative reaction of the linoleic acid mixture system at $30^{\circ}C$ in the dark was quantified determining the peroxide value and conjugated dienoic acid content. The effect of the CCC extracts on lipid peroxidation in a rat liver homogenate was examined. Formation of lipid peroxides was estimated by the TBA value, and the CCC extracts were found to inhibit the TBA value. Chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids, Which are the major components in the CCC extracts of Kimchi were isolated on a DEAE-sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B column and TLC. The effects of chlorophyll a and b, caroteins on linoleic acid autoxidation were measured by determining the peroxide value. In addition, their effects on free radical scavenging were investigated by DPPH. In this assay, chlorophyll a showed the greatest antioxidative activity followed by chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. MLK contains a sufficient content of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid which have strong antioxidative activities.