• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

The aims of this study was to observed an effect of antioxidative in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat by treadmill exercise with intensity and time. Thirty-two Sprauge-Dawley rats which were divided into four group. Normal, Control(high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental I(high intensity intermittent exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental II(moderate intensity endurance exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat). The results of this study were as follows: 1. In change of body weight, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control. Also, 1 to 3 weeks significantly different compared with pre valu experimental I and II(p<0.001). 2. In change of lipid profile, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.001). Difference between experimental I and II is not significantly. 3. In change of antioxidative enzymes(SOD, CAT, GPx) in myocardium, there are significant difference between control and experimental II, and also between control and experimental I(p<0.001). 4. In change of antioxidative protein MCR-1, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.01). Experimental II was most significantly difference than the other group(p<0.001). The above results suggest that treadmill exercise effectively reduced in fat. It would be considered that moderate intensity endurance exercise has an effects on improved antioxidative enzyme in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidative activity and digestive enzyme inhibition of grape seed extract (GSE). The GSE was tested for its effect on various antioxidative potentials (scavenging activities of DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical) and inhibitory effect of various digestive enzymes (trypsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, $\alpha$-amylase, $\beta$-glucosidase and lipase). DPPH radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of GSE was 4.76${\pm}$0.27 ppm while those of positive controls (EGCG and vitamin C) were 2.22${\pm}$0.12 ppm and 9.50${\pm}$0.72 ppm, respectively. $SC_{50}$ value of GSE against superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical were 3.82${\pm}$0.07 ppm and 803.23${\pm}$27.16 ppm, respectively. In addition, $IC_{50}$ values of GSE against trypsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase and lipase were 2.17${\pm}$0.59 ppm, 7.46${\pm}$1.25 ppm, 18.25${\pm}$3.54 ppm, 12.30${\pm}$1.12 ppm, and 653.23${\pm}$79.34 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that GSE may be useful for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2000

The effects of each component (water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophillic extracts, total saponin, panaxadiol, panaxatriol) of red ginseng on the antioxidative enzyme activities were investigated in the liver in order to screen antioxidative components of red ginseng. 20∼25g ICR mouse which were pretreated with 50 mg/kg body weight of red ginseng component for 15 days. The ability of red ginseng component to protect against oxidative damage to the mouse liver was examined by determining the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydroperoxide (H$_2$O$_2$) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase. The hepatic total-SOD activity was highest in lipophilic extracts group and panaxadiol group next (p<0.01). The content of hepatic hydroperoxide was lowest in the order of panaxatriol group and alcohol extracts group (p < 0.01). The hepatic catalase activity in the liver was highest in order of lipophillic extracts group (p <0.01) and total saponin group (p<0.05). Finally the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest in lipophillic extracts group, alcohol extracts group and panaxadiol next (p <0.01). In conclusion, the order of effectiveness of antioxidants was to be lipophillic extracts>panaxadiol >total saponins.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2015

To increase antioxidative activity of Chungkukjang, the protective effect of Seoritae Chungkukjang (SC) added with green tea powder against oxidative stress was evaluated under the cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ cells. The treatment of 3-morpholinosydnonimine showed increase in lipid peroxidation, and decrease in endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes activity and cell viability. The methanol extract of SC inhibited lipid peroxidation by 70.9%, and significantly increased cell viability up to more than 33.2%. In addition, it enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Particularly, the addition of green tea in SC exerted protective effect against oxidative stress by ONOO- through elevation in activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. More addition of green tea showed stronger protective activity. These results suggest that the addition of green tea to SC leads to the increase in the antioxidative effect of Chungkukjang through elevation in antioxidative enzyme activities and protection from lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2005

Injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), known as oxidative stress, is one of the major damaging factors in plants exposed to environmental stress. Chloroplasts are specially sensitive to damage by ROS because electrons that escape from the photosynthetic electron transfer system are able to react with relatively high concentration of $O_2$ in chloroplasts. To cope with oxidative stress, plants have evolved an efficient ROS-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and low molecular weight antioxidants including ascorbate, glutathione and phenolic compounds. To maintain the productivity of plants under the stress condition, it is possible to fortify the antioxidative mechanisms in the chloroplasts by manipulating the antioxidation genes. A powerful gene expression system with an appropriate promoter is key requisite for excellent stress-tolerant plants. We developed a strong oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter from cultured cells of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) as an industrial platform technology to develop transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress. Recently, in order to develop transgenic sweetpotato (tv. Yulmi) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic and Superior) plants with enhanced tolerance to multiple stress, the genes of both CuZnSOD and APX were expressed in chloroplasts under the control of an SWPA2 promoter (referred to SSA plants). As expected, SSA sweetpotato and potato plants showed enhanced tolerance to methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, SSA plants showed enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses such as temperature stress, drought and sulphur dioxide. Our results strongly suggested that the rational manipulation of antioxidative mechanism in chloroplasts will be applicable to the development of all plant species with enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses to contribute in solving the global food and environmental problems in the 21st century.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

Physiological and biochemical changes of five species of genus Quercus exposed to ozone fumigation were investigated to assess their tolerance against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb ozone fumigation, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics, malondialdehyde(MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were measured in the leaves of five Quercus species(Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. palustris, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis). Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, net photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency decreased after ozone treatment, indicating that $O_3$-exposed plants underwent physiological inhibition. The reduction rate of total chlorophyll contents and carboxylation efficiency were respectively 15% and 34% for Q. aliena and 38% and 62% for Q. variabilis. The amount of MDA increased with the highest increase rate of 140% in Q. acutissima which also showed the highest increase rate(60%) of superoxide dismutase(SOD). Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity increased in Q. variabilis, Q. serrata and Q. acutissima by ozone treatment. Based on our results, ozone tolerance of the five Quercus species was ranked as Q. aliena>Q. palustris>Q. serrata>Q. variabilis>Q. acutissima. We concluded that chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, MDA content and antioxidative enzymes were the important physiological markers for tolerance against ozone stress, which were closely related with one another.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1337-1343
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• 2003

Diabetes mellitus has been known to be a state of increased oxidative stress. Free radical formation and lipid peroxidation are accelerated in this metabolic disorder. Buchu (Allium tuberosum Rottler) contains lots of antioxidative nutrients such as chlorophyll, vitamin C, $\beta$-carotene, phenolic compounds and sulfur compounds. To investigate the protective effects of buchu, 10% lyophilized buchu diet was fed to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 14 weeks and lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, contents of reactive oxygen species, activities of antioxidative enzymes and contents of accumulated lipofuscin were measured as indicators of oxidative stress. Hepatic MDA and carbonyl contents tended to decrease in 10% buchu diet group compared with control group. Dietary buchu significantly suppressed lipid and protein oxidation in the skin of rats (p<0.05). Contents of hepatic hydroxyl radicals, which exert the highest toxicity among the reactive oxygen species, were significantly decreased in rats fed 10% buchu diet (P<0.05). Activities of antioxidative enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, tended to increase in liver and skin of rats fed 10% buchu diet, while hepatic catalase activity was significantly increased in buchu group compared with control group. Buchu supplementation significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipofuscin, an end-product of lipid peroxidation reactions induced by reactive oxygen radicals, in eye tissues compared with control diet (p<0.001). In conclusion, buchu supplementation diminished the oxidative stress, so dietary buchu could help to attenuate diabetes complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of green tea seed extract (GSE) against UVB-induced skin damage in human skin fibroblasts. GSE was first analyzed for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Treatment of UV-irradiated fibroblast with GSE at 10~50 ${\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. GSE treatment inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) expression and MMP-1 secretion caused by UVB irradiation. Moreover, treatment with GSE significantly increased type-1 collagen expression and production. We next examined levels of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, catalase, and GPx). Reduced antioxidative enzyme activities caused by UVB irradiation were recovered by treatment with GSE at 30 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. In conclusion, these results show that GSE has protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage in human skin fibroblasts by regulating antioxidative defense systems and MMP expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2008

In order to utilize the silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori) protein, defatted silkworm protein was hydrolysed by four enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, neutrase and alcalase) at various hydrolysis times (6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hr) and suspension concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). Protein solubility index, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activity and antioxidative activity of silkworm protein hydrolysates were investigated. The optimum condition of hydrolysis was 10% suspension concentration and 18 hr. Protein solubility index of trypsin treatment was higher than other enzyme treatments. ACE inhibitory activity and $IC_{50}$ value of antioxidative activity of neutrase treatment were 86.16% at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $352.75\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively; also, these values were higher than other enzyme treatments.