• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS: Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins ($NAD^+$-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of breed on meat quality characteristics of porcine Boston butt muscles (M. subscapularis) from three different pig breeds: Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD), Berkshire, and Ibérico available in Korean market. Ibérico showed significantly higher fat content, yellowness (CIE b⁎), cooking loss, and lower shear force values than LYD and Berkshire. Moreover, the contents of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) were significantly higher in Ibérico breed, but stearic acid (18:0) was higher in LYD. As linoleic acid (18:2) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were higher in Berkshire sows as compared to the other breeds, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes were significantly lower in Berkshire sow. Ibérico had lower the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids ratio, and higher taurine and free amino acids compared with the others. Ibérico also showed significantly greater lipid oxidation, lower antioxidant capacity, and higher hypoxanthine contents, whereas the Berkshire had higher inosine-5'-monophosphate and lower K-index value as compared to the Ibérico. The breed did not impart any significant effect on the size and density of muscle fibers. Thus, quality characteristics of Boston butt varied from breed to breed, and certain consumer preferences for Ibérico can be explained, in part, by the unique quality characteristics imparted by higher contents of intramuscular fat, oleic acid, and free amino acids.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-24
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• 2022

Low-molecular weight peptides derived from fish collagen exhibit several bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiwrinkle, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antihypertension effects. These peptides are also involved in triglyceride suppression and memory improvement. This study aimed to investigate the optimal processing condition for preparing low-molecular weight peptides from flounder skin, and the properties of the hydrolysate. The optimal processing conditions for peptic hydrolysis were as follows: a ratio of pepsin to dried skin powder of 2% (w/w), pH of 2.0, and a temperature of 50℃. Peptic hydrolysate contains several low-molecular weight peptides below 300 Da. Gly-Pro-Hyp(GPHyp) peptide, a process control index, was detected only in peptic hydrolysate on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF) spectrum. 2,2'-azinobis-(3-3-ethylbenzothiazolline-6- sulfonic acid(ABTS) radical scavenging activity of the peptic hydrolysate was comparable to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control at pH 5.5, whereas collagenase inhibition was five times higher with the peptic hydrolysate than with 1 mM ascorbic acid at pH 7.5. However, the tyrosinase inhibition ability of the peptic hydrolysate was lower than that of arbutin, which was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect of the peptic hydrolysate against Propionibacterium acne was not observed. These results suggest that the peptic hydrolysate derived from a flounder skin is a promising antiwrinkle agent that can be used in various food and cosmetic products to prevent wrinkles caused by ultraviolet radiations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) characterized by an enlarged prostate gland is common in elderly men. Corni Fructus (CF) and Schisandrae Fructus (SF) are known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of CF, SF, and their mixture (MIX) on the development of BPH using an in vivo model of testosterone-induced BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. To induce BPH, testosterone propionate (TP) was injected to rats except for those in the control group. Finasteride, saw palmetto (SP), CF, SF, and MIX were orally administered along with TP injection. At the end of treatment, histological changes in the prostate and the level of various biomarkers related to BPH were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that BPH induced by TP led to prostate weight and histological changes. Treatment with MIX effectively improved TP-induced BPH by reducing prostate index, lumen area, epithelial thickness, and expression of BPH biomarkers such as 5α-reductase type 2, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to treatment with CF or SF alone. Moreover, MIX further reduced levels of elevated serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific antigen in BPH compared to the SP, a positive control. BPH was also improved more by MIX than by CF or SF alone. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, MIX is a potential natural therapeutic candidate for BPH by regulating 5α-reductase and AR signaling pathway.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1089-1104
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the efficacy and underlying mechanism of cloves as an osteoarthritis (OA) treatment in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA model. Osteoarthritis (OA) is nowadays one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats treated with MIA (50 μL; 80 mg/mL) were used as in vivo OA models. Cloves (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally once daily for 2 weeks from 7 days after MIA injection. Changes in hindpaw weight distribution (HWD) were measured as a joint discomfort index. Activation markers related to inflammatory responses and cartilage degeneration in the right knee joints were evaluated by serum analysis and western blotting. Results: HWD decreased in the MIA control group but showed a dose-dependent elevation after clove treatment. Clove treatment inhibited inflammatory factors by PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways, while also activating antioxidant factors through Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathways. Clove treatment also suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) overexpression and significantly increased the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Conclusions: Treatment with cloves effectively reversed MIA-induced effects. Therefore, clove treatment could have the potential to protect against or treat OA.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is a phenomenon in which muscle function, including muscle strength, deteriorates as muscle mass decreases in the process of increasing age. The diagnosis of sarcopenia utilizes total muscle mass and limb muscle mass, and limb muscle mass is expressed as height squared, body weight, and BMI. Each divided value is used as an index, mainly less than 7.23 kg/m2 for men and less than 5.67 kg/m2 for women. Grip strength, standing up from a chair, and walking speed were mainly used as physical function factors, and grip strength less than 27 kg for men and less than 16 kg for women were used as indicators. The limb muscle mass showed a decreasing trend after peaking in the mid-20s in men, and maintaining a gradual peak in women from the mid-20s to the mid-40s, showing a more rapid decline in men. The rate of decrease in muscle mass and strength continues to increase after the age of 20, and muscle strength rapidly decreases after the age of 80. In Korean men, total muscle mass and limb muscle mass show a decreasing trend from the mid-30s, and a more markedly rapid decrease from the age of 60. For women, it remains constant from the age of 30 to the age of 50, then gradually decreases after the mid-50s, and shows a rather rapid decrease after the mid-70s, showing a more gradual decrease than that of men. Men show a sharp decrease from the mid-40s when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared, and women show a marked decrease after 70 years old when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared. Exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia results in an increase in protein assimilation hormone, an increase in antioxidant activity, a decrease in inflammation, an increase in muscle insulin sensitivity, and an increase in protein synthesis. Resistance exercise is basically used, and aerobic exercise and equilibrium A combination of exercises is effective. In addition, for a more efficient effect of sarcopenia through resistance exercise, it is necessary to supplement nutrition including protein.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is a representative Chinese herbal medicine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been isolated from ginseng and shown to have promising pharmacological activities. However, effects of PDD on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have not been reported. We hypothesize that PDD may reverse inflammation-induced PF and be a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of PF induced by bleomycin (BLM). The pulmonary index was measured, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were made. Cell cultures of mouse alveolar epithelial cells were analyzed with Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, siRNA transfection, cellular thermal shift assay and qRT-PCR. Results: The survival rate of PPD-treated mice was higher than that of untreated BLM-challenged mice. Expression of fibrotic hallmarks, including α-SMA, TGF-β1 and collagen I, was reduced by PPD treatment, indicating attenuation of PF. Mice exposed to BLM had higher STING levels in lung tissue, and this was reduced by phosphorylated AMPK after activation by PPD. The role of phosphorylated AMPK in suppressing STING was confirmed in TGF-b1-incubated cells. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that PPD treatment attenuated BLM-induced PF by modulating the AMPK/STING signaling pathway. Conclusion: PPD ameliorated BLM-induced PF by multi-target regulation. The current study may help develop new therapeutic strategies for preventing PF.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.1344-1350
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• 2016

본 연구는 수분 흡습으로 인해 건조 후 저장이 어려운 다래 동결건조 스낵의 저장성 및 상품성을 증가시키기 위해 다양한 가식성 코팅제를 처리한 스낵의 품질 특성과 흡습 저해효과를 분석하였다. 따라서 가식성 코팅처리제로는 albumin, dextrin, whole soy flour를 이용하였고, 5%의 농도로 코팅제를 증류수에 용해한 코팅액에 슬라이스를 침지하여 제조하였다. 스낵의 주요 품질 특성인 수분 함량, 수분활성도, 수율, 수분용해지수 및 수분흡착지수, 수화 복원성을 분석한 결과 모든 시료에서 가식성 코팅처리에 따른 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않아 코팅처리는 다래 동결건조 스낵의 기본적인 품질 특성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 가식성 코팅처리는 다래 동결건조 스낵의 흡습을 저해하는 것으로 나타났으며 dextrin으로 처리한 시료의 흡습 저해 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 흡습 저해가 스낵의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 흡습 시간에 따른 경도와 총페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 흡습 시간이 길어질수록 모든 시료의 경도가 감소하였고 코팅처리는 흡습으로 인한 경도의 감소를 저해하는 것을 확인하였으며, dextrin 처리가 가장 높은 경도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 스낵의 총페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성은 흡습시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가식성 코팅처리군의 총페놀 함량과 항산화 활성은 비처리군보다 비교적 높게 유지하였고, dextrin으로 코팅한 스낵이 가장 높은 총페놀 함량과 항산화 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 토종다래 동결건조 스낵의 흡습을 방지하고 품질을 보존하는 방법으로 가식성 코팅제인 dextrin으로 코팅하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 생각되며, 가식성 코팅은 여러 가공식품의 상품성 및 저장성을 향상시킬 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 항산화 식품으로 알려진 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 추출물의 방사선 방호효과를 규명하는 것이다. 90 마리의 암컷 Sprague-Dawley Rat을 일반군(NC Group), 흰점박이꽃무지 유충추출물투여군 (PBE Group), 방사선조사군 (IR Group), 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 추출물 투여후 방사선조사군 (PBE+IR Group), 방사선조사 후 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 추출물 투여군 (IR+PBE Group)의 5개 군으로 분류하였다. 방사선은 7 Gy의 Co-60 감마선을 전신조사 하였고, 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 추출물은 14일 동안 1 일 1 회 200 mg/kg으로 경구투여 하였다. 방사선 조사 후 1 일, 7 일, 21 일 후의 혈구 성분변화, 항산화 (SOD) 활성변화, 비장 지수 변화, 자궁과 난소의 조직병리학적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험결과 혈구 성분은 21일차에 림프구, 적혈구에서 IR Group보다 PBE+IR (p<0.01, p<0.05)와 IR+PBE Group (p<0.01, p<0.01)에서 유의한 방사선 방호가 나타났다. 항산화 활성도에서는 IR Group 보다 PBE+IR (p<0.01)와 IR+PBE Group (p<0.01)에서 유의하게 증가한 활성이 나타났다. 비장 지수는 IR Group 보다 PBE+IR Group (p<0.05)과 IR+PBE Group (p<0.01)에서 유의한 방사선 회복이 나타났다. 조직병리학적인 변화에서는 IR Group과 비교하여 난소에서는 PBE+IR Group에서, 자궁에서는 PBE+IR Group과 IR+PBE Group에서 세포질의 팽창과 핵의 응축 및 세포 고사가 다소 감소된 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 추출물이 방사선 조사에 따른 혈구 및 생식기에 대한 방사선 방호효과가 있는 것으로 판단되고 방사선 방호제 연구에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2018

흑생강의 기능성 극대화와 산업화를 위하여 건조방법과 혼합비를 달리한 흑생강 분말의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 시료의 조제는 열풍 및 동결건조시킨 흑생강 분말과 이들의 혼합비에 따라 각각 시료 "A" (8:2), "B" (5:5), "C" (2:8), "D" (10:0) 및 "E" (0:10)로 구분하였다. 시료의 수분흡수지수와 수분용해지수는 동결건조 시료에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 동결건조 시료의 비율이 클수록 수분흡수지수가 유의적으로 증가되는 경향이었다. 갈색물질의 함량은 동결건조에 비해 열풍건조한 시료에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 시료의 색차는 모든 시료에서 유의차가 없었다. 총당 및 환원당 함량은 열풍건조에 비해 동결건조 시료에서 유의적으로 높았는데, 혼합시료 중 총당은 동결건조 시료의 함량이 많아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 동결건조보다 열풍건조 시료에서 많았으며, 혼합시료에서도 열풍건조 시료의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가되었다. Gingerol과 shogaol 함량은 혼합시료 "A"에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 6-gingerol은 건조방법에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 콜레스테롤 흡착활성은 동결건조 시료 "E"에서 유의적으로 높았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 건조방법에 따른 유의차가 적었으나, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 환원력은 열풍건조 시료가 동결건조 시료에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 혼합시료에서는 "A"의 활성이 유의적으로 높았다. 따라서 열풍건조된 흑생강은 동결건조에 비해 품질이나 기능성 측면에서 우수하였으며, 특히 열풍 및 동결건조 시료를 8:2(w/w)로 혼합한 경우 기능성이나 산업성이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.