• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS: Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins ($NAD^+$-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of breed on meat quality characteristics of porcine Boston butt muscles (M. subscapularis) from three different pig breeds: Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD), Berkshire, and Ibérico available in Korean market. Ibérico showed significantly higher fat content, yellowness (CIE b⁎), cooking loss, and lower shear force values than LYD and Berkshire. Moreover, the contents of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) were significantly higher in Ibérico breed, but stearic acid (18:0) was higher in LYD. As linoleic acid (18:2) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were higher in Berkshire sows as compared to the other breeds, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes were significantly lower in Berkshire sow. Ibérico had lower the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids ratio, and higher taurine and free amino acids compared with the others. Ibérico also showed significantly greater lipid oxidation, lower antioxidant capacity, and higher hypoxanthine contents, whereas the Berkshire had higher inosine-5'-monophosphate and lower K-index value as compared to the Ibérico. The breed did not impart any significant effect on the size and density of muscle fibers. Thus, quality characteristics of Boston butt varied from breed to breed, and certain consumer preferences for Ibérico can be explained, in part, by the unique quality characteristics imparted by higher contents of intramuscular fat, oleic acid, and free amino acids.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 2022

Low-molecular weight peptides derived from fish collagen exhibit several bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiwrinkle, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antihypertension effects. These peptides are also involved in triglyceride suppression and memory improvement. This study aimed to investigate the optimal processing condition for preparing low-molecular weight peptides from flounder skin, and the properties of the hydrolysate. The optimal processing conditions for peptic hydrolysis were as follows: a ratio of pepsin to dried skin powder of 2% (w/w), pH of 2.0, and a temperature of 50℃. Peptic hydrolysate contains several low-molecular weight peptides below 300 Da. Gly-Pro-Hyp(GPHyp) peptide, a process control index, was detected only in peptic hydrolysate on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF) spectrum. 2,2'-azinobis-(3-3-ethylbenzothiazolline-6- sulfonic acid(ABTS) radical scavenging activity of the peptic hydrolysate was comparable to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control at pH 5.5, whereas collagenase inhibition was five times higher with the peptic hydrolysate than with 1 mM ascorbic acid at pH 7.5. However, the tyrosinase inhibition ability of the peptic hydrolysate was lower than that of arbutin, which was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect of the peptic hydrolysate against Propionibacterium acne was not observed. These results suggest that the peptic hydrolysate derived from a flounder skin is a promising antiwrinkle agent that can be used in various food and cosmetic products to prevent wrinkles caused by ultraviolet radiations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) characterized by an enlarged prostate gland is common in elderly men. Corni Fructus (CF) and Schisandrae Fructus (SF) are known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of CF, SF, and their mixture (MIX) on the development of BPH using an in vivo model of testosterone-induced BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. To induce BPH, testosterone propionate (TP) was injected to rats except for those in the control group. Finasteride, saw palmetto (SP), CF, SF, and MIX were orally administered along with TP injection. At the end of treatment, histological changes in the prostate and the level of various biomarkers related to BPH were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that BPH induced by TP led to prostate weight and histological changes. Treatment with MIX effectively improved TP-induced BPH by reducing prostate index, lumen area, epithelial thickness, and expression of BPH biomarkers such as 5α-reductase type 2, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to treatment with CF or SF alone. Moreover, MIX further reduced levels of elevated serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific antigen in BPH compared to the SP, a positive control. BPH was also improved more by MIX than by CF or SF alone. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, MIX is a potential natural therapeutic candidate for BPH by regulating 5α-reductase and AR signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1089-1104
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the efficacy and underlying mechanism of cloves as an osteoarthritis (OA) treatment in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA model. Osteoarthritis (OA) is nowadays one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats treated with MIA (50 μL; 80 mg/mL) were used as in vivo OA models. Cloves (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally once daily for 2 weeks from 7 days after MIA injection. Changes in hindpaw weight distribution (HWD) were measured as a joint discomfort index. Activation markers related to inflammatory responses and cartilage degeneration in the right knee joints were evaluated by serum analysis and western blotting. Results: HWD decreased in the MIA control group but showed a dose-dependent elevation after clove treatment. Clove treatment inhibited inflammatory factors by PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways, while also activating antioxidant factors through Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathways. Clove treatment also suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) overexpression and significantly increased the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Conclusions: Treatment with cloves effectively reversed MIA-induced effects. Therefore, clove treatment could have the potential to protect against or treat OA.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is a phenomenon in which muscle function, including muscle strength, deteriorates as muscle mass decreases in the process of increasing age. The diagnosis of sarcopenia utilizes total muscle mass and limb muscle mass, and limb muscle mass is expressed as height squared, body weight, and BMI. Each divided value is used as an index, mainly less than 7.23 kg/m2 for men and less than 5.67 kg/m2 for women. Grip strength, standing up from a chair, and walking speed were mainly used as physical function factors, and grip strength less than 27 kg for men and less than 16 kg for women were used as indicators. The limb muscle mass showed a decreasing trend after peaking in the mid-20s in men, and maintaining a gradual peak in women from the mid-20s to the mid-40s, showing a more rapid decline in men. The rate of decrease in muscle mass and strength continues to increase after the age of 20, and muscle strength rapidly decreases after the age of 80. In Korean men, total muscle mass and limb muscle mass show a decreasing trend from the mid-30s, and a more markedly rapid decrease from the age of 60. For women, it remains constant from the age of 30 to the age of 50, then gradually decreases after the mid-50s, and shows a rather rapid decrease after the mid-70s, showing a more gradual decrease than that of men. Men show a sharp decrease from the mid-40s when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared, and women show a marked decrease after 70 years old when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared. Exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia results in an increase in protein assimilation hormone, an increase in antioxidant activity, a decrease in inflammation, an increase in muscle insulin sensitivity, and an increase in protein synthesis. Resistance exercise is basically used, and aerobic exercise and equilibrium A combination of exercises is effective. In addition, for a more efficient effect of sarcopenia through resistance exercise, it is necessary to supplement nutrition including protein.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is a representative Chinese herbal medicine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been isolated from ginseng and shown to have promising pharmacological activities. However, effects of PDD on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have not been reported. We hypothesize that PDD may reverse inflammation-induced PF and be a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of PF induced by bleomycin (BLM). The pulmonary index was measured, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were made. Cell cultures of mouse alveolar epithelial cells were analyzed with Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, siRNA transfection, cellular thermal shift assay and qRT-PCR. Results: The survival rate of PPD-treated mice was higher than that of untreated BLM-challenged mice. Expression of fibrotic hallmarks, including α-SMA, TGF-β1 and collagen I, was reduced by PPD treatment, indicating attenuation of PF. Mice exposed to BLM had higher STING levels in lung tissue, and this was reduced by phosphorylated AMPK after activation by PPD. The role of phosphorylated AMPK in suppressing STING was confirmed in TGF-b1-incubated cells. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that PPD treatment attenuated BLM-induced PF by modulating the AMPK/STING signaling pathway. Conclusion: PPD ameliorated BLM-induced PF by multi-target regulation. The current study may help develop new therapeutic strategies for preventing PF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1344-1350
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible coating on hygroscopicity and quality characteristics of a freeze-dried Actinidia arguta snack. Freeze-dried A. arguta snacks were coated with various edible coating materials such as albumin, dextrin, and whole soy flour. There were no significant effects of coating on major quality properties such as moisture content, water activity, yield, water soluble index, water absorption index, and rehydration properties of all samples. Compared with non-coated samples, edible coated samples effectively inhibited hygroscopicity as a function of hygroscopic time. The samples coated with dextrin showed lower hygroscopicity than the other coated samples. In addition, the effects of edible coating treatment on hardness, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity were investigated. Edible coated samples had higher hardness, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity than the non-coated samples as a function of hygroscopic time. Among edible coating materials, dextrin was the most effective coating material. Dextrin as an edible coating material for freeze-dried A. arguta snack may help to prevent hygroscopicity and extend market quality and shelf-life during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the radiation protection effect of protaetia brevitarsis larvae extracts known as antioxidant food. In this study 90 female rats were clssified in to 5 groups: NC Group, PBE Group, IR Group, PBE+IR Group and IR+PBE Group. In IR Group, 7 Gy of Co-60 gamma ray was irradiated to SD rat and protaetia brevitarsis larvae extracts were administered orally at 200 mg/kg once a day for 14 days. And then on the 1 day, 7 days, 21 days later after irradiation, changes in blood cell component, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, spleen index, histopathological evaluation of the ovary and uterus were observed. As a result, the PBE+IR Group (p<0.01, p<0.05) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01, p<0.01) showed a significantly radiation protection than the IR Group in lymphocyte and red blood cell on the 21 days. It was also confirmed that SOD activity of PBE+IR Group (p<0.01) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01) was significantly increased than the IR Group. In spleen index, PBE+IR Group (p<0.05) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01) showed a significantly recovery than the IR Group. In histopathological observation, PBE+IR Group in the ovary and PBE+IR, IR+PBE Group in the uterus showed less inflammatory reactions of cystoplasm than the IR Group. Based on These results, It is judged that protaetia brevitarsis larvae Extracts have radiation protection effect against blood and reproductive. It is expected to be useful for research of radiation protection agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2018

Hot-air and freeze dried powder from aged black ginger were mixed under the ratio conditions of sample "A" (8:2), "B" (5:5), "C"(2:8), "D" (10:0) and "E" (0:10), respectively. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities in the 5 kinds of powder were compared. The water absorption index was significantly higher in freeze dried powder, and it tended to be significantly increased depend on the ratio of freeze dried sample. The browning intensity was significantly higher in the hot-air dried samples, but the color intensity was not significant. Total and reducing sugar contents were significantly higher in freeze dried sample. Total sugar content in mixed sample tended to significantly increased as the amount of freeze dried sample. Total phenol content was significantly higher in the sample "A". The contents of gingerol and shogaol were significantly higher in mixed sample "A", 6-gingerol content showed no significant difference according to the drying method. Cholesterol absorption activity was significantly higher in the freeze dried sample "E". The DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a little difference according to the drying method, but the ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power in the hot-air dried sample were significantly higher than those of freeze dried. And the activity of mixed powder "A" was significantly higher than others. These results suggest that aged black ginger was superior in terms of quality and functionality of the hot-air drying compared to freeze-drying, and it would be economically effective to the mixed sample "A".