• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2008

Annona reticulata belonging to the family Annonaceae is traditionally used as anthelmintic and it is reported to have anticancer activity. Free radicals are known to be involved in various types of diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging property of methanol extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata in some in vitro models e.g. DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxide radical model. The extract showed good dose-dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. $IC_{50}$ values were found to be 3.22, 170.01, 25.12 and $140.12\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested based on potassium ferricyanide reduction where dose dependant reducing capability was observed. Measurement of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent indicated that 1mg of the extract contained $146.20\;{\mu}g$ equivalent of pyrocatechol. The findings ascertain promising free radical scavenging property of the extract and the antioxidant property of the extract may be due to the high content of phenolic compounds.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various leaf powders on chocolate by analyzing quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and sensory characteristics. Methods: Pine needles, mulberry leaves, ramie leaves, barley leaves, and squash leaves were freeze-dried, powdered, and added to the chocolate. Results: Water contents of all leaf powder-added groups were significantly higher than that of the control (15.78%). The pH values of chocolate with leaf powder were lower than that of the control (6.33) while that of mulberry leaf chocolate (6.56) was higher than that of the control. In color measurement, L-value, a-value, and b-value were highest in pine needle chocolate (30.31, 3.52, and 4.78, respectively). The ${\Delta}E$ value (total color difference compared to white board) was the highest in squash leaf chocolate (69.51) and significantly different from that of the control (67.69). The hardness of leaf powder-added chocolate was lower than that of the control (6.84 N), except for pine needles. In the antioxidant activity analysis, chocolate with pine needles and squash leaves had higher polyphenols, flavonoids, and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant activity than those of the control. Overall consumer acceptability was the most preferred in the control compared to the other groups. However, chocolate with mulberry and barley leaves also received high scores (5.60 and 5.40, respectively) for overall acceptability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that chocolate with barley leaves is desirable for making functional chocolate due to its high consumer preference and positive effects on improving antioxidant activities.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

In the present study, four distinctly colored bacterial isolates that show intense pigmentation upon brief ultraviolet (UV) light exposure are chosen. The strains are identified as Micrococcus luteus (Milky yellow), Cryseobacterium pallidum (Yellow), Cryseobacterium spp. (Golden yellow), and Kocuria turfanensis (Pink) based on their morphological and 16S rDNA analysis. Moderate salinity (1.25%), 25-37℃ temperature, and pH of 7.2 are found to be the most favorable conditions of growth and pigment production for all the selected isolates. The pigments are extracted using methanol: chloroform (1:1) and the purity of the pigments are confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy indicate their resemblance with carotenoids and flexirubin family. The antioxidant activities of the pigments are estimated, and, all the pigments have shown significant antioxidant efficacy in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The UV protective property of the pigments is determined by cling-film assay, wherein, at least 25% of UV sensitive Escherichia coli survive with bio-pigments even after 90 seconds of UV exposure compared to control. The pigments also hold a good sun protective factor (SPF) value (1.5-4.9) which is calculated with the Mansur equation. Based on these results, it can be predicted that these bacterial pigments can be further developed into a promising antioxidant and UV-protectant for several biomedical applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 1974

The antioxidant activity of ground red pepper, ethyl alcohol extracts of ground red pepper peel and alcohol extracts plus organic acid was studied by using edible soybean oil as a substrate. All the substrates were stored in a dark place at $45.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ respectively. The results of the study were as follow: 1. Ground red pepper, black pepper and cassia exhibited slight antioxidant activity and there was no significant difference in antioxidant activity among them. 2. Although both ground red pepper peel and red pepper seed showed antioxidant activity, ground red pepper peel exhibited greater antioxidant activity than ground red pepper peel did. 3. Ethyl alcohol extracts of red pepper peel showed strong antioxidant activity, but the residue did not show the antioxidant activity. 4. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl alcohol extracts of red pepper peel increased in direct proportion to the concentration of the extracts. 5. In connection with the synergistic effect of organic acid to the ethyl alcohol extracts of red pepper peel, citric acid showed a very strong synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity of red pepper, while ascorbic acid showed a weak effect. On the other hand, phosphoric acid showed an accelerating effect on the oxidation of oils. 6. The maximum antioxidant activity of the ethyl alcohol of ground red pepper peel was observed at the citric acid concentration of 0.04%, when tested at various concentration of citric acid.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

This study reports on the preparation of sodium caseinate-cardanol (CasNa/CL)-based papers coated with different amounts of bentonite (BN) for use as a sustainable packaging material. Their chemical and morphological structures, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, surface properties, and antioxidant activity of coated papers was assessed as a function of the BN content. The drying of the CasNa/CL coated papers led to the formation of pinholes on their surfaces owing to the presence of trapped water resulting from the difference in the drying rate between the external surface and the inside of the coated layers. Increasing the BN content reduced the pinholes on surface of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers and highly decreased the water vapor transmittance rate of the papers from 387.3±1.9 g/m²·day to 269.25±4.5 g/m²·day. Free radical scavenging assays indicated the addition of CL to the CasNa exhibited the antioxidant activity and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN did not changed as increase of BN contents. The improved water vapor barrier property and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers can be promised for various packaging applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1323-1331
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant bio-active compounds as well as potential antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition of Phyllanthus acidus (P. acidus) leaf extract in minced pork. Methods: The effect of various solvent systems of water, 25%, 50%, 75% (v/v) ethanol in water and absolute ethanol on the extraction crude yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant activities of P. acidus leaves was determined. In addition, antioxidant activities of the addition of crude extract from P. aciuds leaves at 2.5 and 5 g/kg in minced pork on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation decolorization, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) were determined. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the samples was undertaken by using a 7-point hedonic scale. Results: The results showed that the highest crude yield (2.8 g/100 g dry weight) was obtained from water which also had the highest recovery yield for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the strongest antioxidant activity. The addition of crude water extract from P. acidus leaves was more effective in retarding lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidant activity than control and butylated hydroxytoluene in minced pork. In particular, the samples containing P. acidus extract had no significant effect on the sensory scores of overall appearance, color, odor, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability compared to the control. Conclusion: Water solvent was an optimally appropriate solvent for P. acidus leaf extraction because of its ability to yield the highest amount of bio-active compounds and in vitro antioxidant property. Particularly, P. acidus crude water extract also strongly expressed the capacity to retard lipid oxidation, radical scavenging, radical cation decolorization and reducing power in minced pork. The results of this study indicated that P. acidus leaf extract could be used as natural antioxidant in the pork industry.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was under taken to characterize chemical composition, antioxidant and cyto-protecting capacity of essential oil obtained from leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Methods : Essential oil from the leafof L. tulipifera L. (EOLL) was extracted by hydro-distillation process and further its chemical composition was evaluated by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the EOLL was determined by DPPH ^●, ABTS ^●+, superoxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity using different concentrations in the range of 50-800 μg/mL. In addition, cyto-protecting property of the EOLLwas determined by MTT assay on Raw 264.7 macrophage cells challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ). Results : The result of GC-MS analysis showed presence of 34 volatile compounds, principally germacrene D, spathulenol, and α -cadinol in EOLL. The in vitro antioxidant assays of EOLL at the highest used concentration of 800 μg/mL showed 81.62, 84.29, 83.59 and 58.59% inhibition of DPPH ^●, ABTS ^●+, superoxide, and nitric oxide radicals, respectively. It also showed ferric reducing ability with 1310.04 mM Fe (II)/g of essential oil. The EOLL at three different concentrations (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL) protected the cells from H ₂ O ₂ -induced cell damage through scavenging intracellular ROS. Conclusion : The findings from the study suggest that essential oil isolated from leaves of L tulipifera L. is a potent sources of natural antioxidants, which could be used to treat the diseases associated with oxidative stress condition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3065-3071
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• 2012

Aim: The present investigation was to evaluate the effects of essential oils of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) on free radicals and in vivo antioxidant properties. Methods: Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation and compound analysis was performed by GC-MS analysis. Screening for inhibitory activity was conducted by DPPH and OH-scavenging assays. In addition an in vivo study was carried out in cell line implanted cancer bearing mice with assessment of levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and reduced glutathione. Finally, lungs were dissected out for histopathology study of metastasis. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of carvocrol and trans-caryophyllene as the major compounds with 96% comparison with the Wilily and NBS libraries. The essential oil exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH free radical formation. Whereas reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity are dose dependent. When compared with the standard, it was found that the essential oil has more or less equal activity in scavenging free radicals produced. In the animal studies, the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione, were found to be increased in treated groups whereas lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were reduced. Histopathology report also shows that the essential oil has a significant combating effect against cancer development. Conclusion: In all the in vitro assays, a significant correlation existed between the concentrations of the essential oil and percentage inhibition of free radicals. The in vivo studies also has shown a very good antioxidant property for the essential oil during cancer development. From, these results the essential oil can be recommended for treating disease related to free radicals and to prevent cancer development.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.599-609
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• 2012

The objective of this research is to reuse and recycle the oyster shell wastes as a useful of antioxidant beads for foodstuff preservation through the treatment of oyster shell and seaweed pulp. This research is divided into two parts. In the first, designing and preparation of pilot scale condition was accomplished. The second part dealt with establishing the optimized manufacturing condition for [A],[B],[C-a],[C-b] compounds, and analyzing these products. The pilot scale preparation was composed of modify synthesized seaweed pulp / Cl-starch and it's various bead form were prepared with various weight ratios using polar protic solvents. In addition, with increased seaweed pulp content in the blends, antibacterial property values of seaweed pulp/Ag-oyster shell blend was decreased, however, the antioxidant and bead's solidity properties increased.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5091-5096
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• 2013

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. Also it has rich in functional and bioactive substances with outstanding immunopotentiation, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-aging effects. This study was evaluated water and 70% ethanol extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb using in vitro system antioxidant properties methods. The scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals of 2 mg/mL 70% ethanol extract were 91.8 and 54.8%, respectively. Also, The FRAP assay of this showed increase in activity. In results, the antioxidant properties of 70% ethanol extract increased significantly compared to water extract(p < 0.05). Therefore, 70% ethanol extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunb may contribute to antioxidant property.