• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2008

Yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic agent, and to cause food poisoning. This study was carried out to get some basic information for the control of Yersinia infection. A total of 1,680 samples were collected from beef and pork carcasses from January 2006 to December 2007 in Seoul. The isolation rate was higher in pork carcass than in beef carcass. Five (0.59%) Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from the 840 of beef carcasses, and eighteen(2.14%) were isolated from the 840 of pork carcasses. Among 23 strains, 22 were classified into biotype 1A, and one was biotype 6. In serotyping of Y enterocolitica isolates, 21 strains were untypable (UT), and 2 were O5 and O8 respectively. In PCR, Ail gene was not detected in all of 23 strains that determined non-pathogenic. In antimicrobial susceptibility test, twelve strains (52.2%) of 23 isolates showed the multi -resistant patterns with over 3 drugs. PFGE was performed after the genomic DNA of twenty three isolates, which was digested with Xba I. the 23 isolates showed 12 ($A{\sim}L$) PFGE type.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

치아 수복 후 나타날 수 있는 술 후 동통과 치수 병변의 주원인은 수복재 자체의 독성보다는 박테리아의 침투에 의한 것으로 알려져 있으며, 와동내 항균제 처리는 잔존 박테리아를 제거하여 제 증상을 완화하는데 효과적이지만, 상아질면이나 상아 세관에 잔유물을 남겨 상아질 결합제와 치질간의 긴밀한 결합을 방해하여, 미세누출을 증가시키고, 결합강도를 약화시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 2% 클로르헥시던 도포가 접착성 수복물과 치질과의 결합강도 및 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여, 건전한 소의 전치 상아질을 노출시키고 와동을 형성한 후, 클로르헥시딘을 도포하고 복합레진, 컴포머 그리고 글라스아이오노머를 각 제조사의 지시에 따라 각각 충전하고, 1000회 열순환 처리 후 전단 결합 강도와 미세누출 양상을 비교 평가하였다. 상아질 전단 결합 강도와 수복재 변연 미세누출 양상에서 실험군과 대조군간에 통계학적 유의차를 보이지 않았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.716-728
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• 1999

Whole oil and ketonic fraction (KF) of Leptospermum scoparium have been tested for their antimicrobial activity and combination effect with several antibiotics against various bacterial strains and fungi by using microbiological assay methods. Antibacterial activities of KF against a number of test strains were 2-3 fold stronger than those of whole oil. MICs of the KF were $65~125{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against seven gram positive bacterial strains, $65~250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against 19 methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus strains, and $65~50{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against 14 quinolone resistance strains. However, KF showed little or no activity against gram negative bacteria. MICs of the KF were $16~250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against more than 50% of the anaerobic bacterial strains tested. KF showed the higher antibacterial activity than bacitracin against 10 strains of Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, or three strains of Bacteroides ovatus, and the more active than ciprofloxacin against one strain of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and three strains of Bacteroids ovatus. The MICs of KF was 63 and $250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, respectively. Antibacterial activities of KF in combination with 19 antibiotics against 14 strains and with four antifungal agents against one fungal strain were determined by paper strip diffusion method. While most of combination showed additivity, KF showed synergism with bacitracin, exfadroxil, cephradin, and meropenem for 29~57% of the strains tested. However, ofloxacin, enoxacin, sparfloxacin showed antagonism with KF for 43~71% of the strains. KF alone and in combination with bacitracin, gentamycin, neomycin, itraconazole, fluconazole, terfinafine and ketoconazole against five bacterial strains or one fungus strain synergistic effect was demonstrated against 33% of strains examined with FIC index value below 0.5 by checkerboard study. Synergistic effect of KF with gentamicin against Staphylococcus epidermidis 329 (QRS) was found by time-kill study.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from Phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts, Acacia catechu (L.F.), Momia (Shilajit), Castanea sativa, and Ephedra sinica stapf, with combination of a sweet gel medium, including honey, maple saps, Phoenix dactylifera L. (date), pomegranate extract and Azadirachta indica gum as a stabilizer. The combinations were screened by using a well-diffusion assay with cloxacillin as a control. Pseudomonas spp. was tested with our novel antimicrobial compound. The zones of inhibition in agar culture were measured for each individual component and for the compound, and the results were compared with those of the control group which had been treated with cloxacillin. Data were expressed as means ${\pm}$ standard deviations. Quantitative analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results: The antibiotic effect of the Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was statistically shown to be more significant than that of cloxacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our novel approach to fighting the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas proved to be successful. The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was found to be suitable for use as an alternative medicine and bioactive dressing material, for the treatment of patients with various types of wounds, including burns, venous leg ulcers, ulcers of various etiologies, leg ulcers on the feet of diabetic, unhealed graft sampling sites, abscesses, boils, surgical wounds, necrotic process, post-operative and neonatal wound infection, and should be considered as an alternative to the usual methods of cure.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic mechanisms of erythromycin resistance in staphylococci. A total of 102 erythromycin resistant non-duplicate clinical isolates of staphylococci [78. coagulase negative stapylococci (CNS), 24 Staphylococcus aureus] were collected between October 2003 and August 2004 in Istanbul Faculty of Medicine in Turkey. The majority of the isolates were from blood and urine specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the agar dilution procedure and the resistance phenotypes by the double disk induction test. A multiplex PCR was performed, using primers specific for erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), and msrA genes.. Among the 78 CNS isolates, 57.8% expressed the $MLS_{B}-constitutive$, 20.6% the $MLS_{B}-inducible$, and 21.6% the $MS_B$ phenotypes. By PCR, 78.2% of these isolates harbored the erm(C) gene, 8.9% erm(A), 6.4% erm(B), and 11.5% msrA genes. In S. aureus, the constitutive $MLS_B$ (58.3 %) was more common than the inducible phenotype (20.8%). erm(A) was detected in 50% and erm(C) in 62.5% of the isolates, while 37.5% contained both erm(A) and erm(C). erm(C)-associated macrolide resistance was the most prevalent in CNS, while ermC) and erm(A, C) was the most prevalent in S. aureus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

Paenibacillus elgii SD17 (KCTC $10016BP^T$=NBRC $100335^T$) was recently reported as a new species. Based on its inhibitory activity to Thanatephorus cucumeris AG1-1, strain SD17 was further evaluated for its potential as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne diseases of turf grasses in Korea. P. elgii SD17 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro test and suppressed development of turf grass diseases; Pythium blight caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and brown patch caused by T. cucumeris AG1-1 on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in the growth chamber tests. Under a condition for massive culture in a 5,000 L fermenter, P. elgii SD17 reached $6.4{\times}10^8$ spores/ml that resulted in approximately $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/g when formulated into a granule formulation (GR) using the whole culture broth instead of water. Using the GR formulation, biocontrol activity of P. elgii SD17 was confirmed. In the growth chamber tests, the GR formulation was effective against brown patch and Pythium blight with similar level of disease severity compared to each of the standard fungicides at the application rates of 10 g/$m^2$ or above. In the field tests, compared to each untreated control, the GR formulation also effectively controlled Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch at all the application rates of 5, 10 and 20 g/$m^2$, respectively, without significant response by the application rates. However its performance was inferior to each of the standard chemical fungicides. Based on these results, we consider this GR formulation of P. elgii SD17 as an effective biocontol agent to suppress Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch of turf grasses in Korea.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.669-674
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• 1997

면역활성, 항균성 등의 기능성을 보여 식품첨가물로 전량 수입에 의존하여 사용되는 human lactoferrin을 진핵세포에서의 생산을 시도하였다. 우선, 항균성을 보이는 lactoferrin에 대하여 생육저해가 없는 host cell에 lactoferrin 유전자를 발현시키고자 lactoferrin에 대한 항균력을 실험한 결과 Pichia pastoris는 생육저해를 일으키지 않아 이를 lactoferrin 생산균주로 선정하였다. Pichia를 숙주로 하는 pHIL-SI expression vector에 lactoferrin 유전자를 삽입 하였을 때 genomic DNA에 유전자가 integration 되었다. 즉, transformant JY-1, JY-2는 PCR(polymerase chain reaction)과 southern blotting에 의하여 2.4Kb의 크기의 HLF(human lactoferrin) 유전자가 삽입되었음을 확인하였다. 유전자 발현을 검토한 결과 transformant JY-1는 immunoblotting에 의하여 lactoferrin 단백질 생산을 확인하였다. 배양시간에 따른 HLF의 생산성을 알아본 결과 48시간 이후에 75KDa의 HLF단백질이 분비됨을 확인하였다

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Periodontitis is disease of damaged gum tissue that is not removed the plaque onto teeth. In case that the symptoms of disease get pain worse, it will have to extract tooth because of tumefy or bleeding at gums so treatment of drug was required to periodontitis. In this study, the hydrogel was prepared by including superior viscous, excellent elastic, and biocompatibility of Poly(vinyl alcohol, PVA) and antimicrobial drug of Metronidazole (MD). The 15 wt% PVA was dissolved in deionized water and then prepared PVA solution was irradiated using gamma-ray at 25 kGy ($10kGy\;hr^{-1}$). In addition, PVA hydrogel was immersed in each 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt% MD solution using stirrer for 24 hr. The result of the gelation, 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel(76%) was lower than PVA hydrogel (88.2%). The swelling ration of 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (294.8%) was higher than PVA hydrogel (105.2%). The compressive strength and thermal properties of MD loaded PVA hydrogel was gradually lower. The drug release test of 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (61%) was higher than 0.1 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (12%). Therefore, MD loaded PVA hygrogel may be a promising tool for periodontitis medicine by gamma-ray.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.166-185
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• 2002

화장품 항균제로 사용되는 합성물질인 paraben과 천연물질인 aroma oil의 항균력을 비교하였다. Aroma oil은 pine, rosemary, lemon, eucalyptus와 paraben은 methylparaben, butylparaben을 사용하였으며 각 농도는 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0wt%으로 하였다. 대상 균주는 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC No. 6538), Bacillus subtilis(ATCC No. 6633)와 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli (ATCC No. 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC No. 9027)을 사용하였으며, 항균력은 disk paper method와 broth dilution method로 측정하였다. Aroma oil과 praben의 항균력은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에 대하여 우수하게 나타났으며, aroma oil이 paraben보다 높은 항균효과를 보였다. Aroma oil은 eucalyptus, lemon, pine, rosemary 순으로 항균력이 높게 나타났으며, butylparaben이 methylparaben보다 우수하게 나타났다. Rosemary와 pine을 각각 단독으로 사용했을때 보다 3/1의 비율로 혼합하였을 때 항균력이 더욱 우수하게 증가하는 상승효과를 나타내었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2019

Background: Marine invertebrates are well known as pivotal bioresources with bioactive substances such as anti-inflammatory sterols, antitumor terpenes, and antimicrobial peptides. However, there are few scientific reports on chemical compositions and bioactivities of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea. Methods: In this study, chemical compositions and biological activities were evaluated on both 70% EtOH and hot water extracts of 5 species of marine invertebrates (Crossaster papposus japonicus, Actinostola carlgreni, Stomphia coccinea, Actinostola sp., and Heliometra glacialis) collected from the East Sea of South Korea. The antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using MTT and Griess reagents. Moreover, the antibacterial effect was evaluated using paper disc assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: In the results of antioxidant activities, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni showed the highest activity ($IC_{50}\;0.19{\pm}0.03mg/ml$) compared to other extracts. Moreover, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni could significantly suppress the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7. All extracts treated under $400{\mu}g/ml$ have no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the antibacterial test, both 70% EtOH extracts of C. papposus japonicus and H. glacialis showed a significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values were evaluated at 256 and $512{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested the bioactive potentials of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.