• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.567-571
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• 2002

In order to prove the sedative, anticonvulsive effects of Incenses and to identify the effect of this medicine to cerebral glutamic acid and GABA density in experimental animal. we used Incense which was made of traditional herb medicines. We also examined what kind of material is to be involved in biosynthesis of these elements. In addition we experimented to find out synthesis of active GABA-T. Incenses were inhaled 8 hours a day for 4 weeks to mice. Finally we have following results. On the convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole(PTZ), Incenses showed significant anticonvulsive effect. Density of glutamic acid in brain was significantly decreased. On the contrary, density of GABA was significantly increased. The Activity of GABA- T in brain was significantly reduced. The quantity of lipid peroxide in the brain was significantly decreased. Activity of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase were significantly reduced in brain. From the above results, we confirmed that Incenses decreased the density of glutamic acid, increased GABA density and decreased the activity of GABA- T in brain. For the convulsion which was induced by PTZ, Incenses showed significant anticonvulsive effect. With this we can recognize that Incenses had ability to control the quantity of lipid peroxide in brain. In the conclusion, Incenses has significant anticonvulsive effect, so I strongly recommend to prescribe Incenses to treat convulsive disorder like epilepsy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Objectives In order to investigate the anticonvulsive effects of Jisungbomuyngtan, the experiments were done in mice. Methods After solid extracts of Jisungbomuyngtan was orally administered to mice, four types of convulsion were induced in mice by ECT, strychnine, picrotoxin, caffein. Each of the time to convulsion and death was measured. Results 1. The solid extracts of Jisungbomuyngtan showed a remarkable effect in delaying the onset of convulsion induced by ECT 2. In case of convulsion induced by strychnine, the solid extracts of Jisungbomuyngtan revealed a slight, but not statistically significant effect. 3. Considerable prolongation of time to death was observed in convulsion induced by picrotoxin due to the anticonvulsive effect of Jisungbomuyngtan. 4. The anticonvulsive effect of Jisungbomuyngtan was not found in convulsion induced by caffein. Conclusions Jisungbomuyngtan effect remarkably in delaying the onset of convulsion induced by ECT. But slightly effect by strychnine. And Jisungbomuyngtan effect in prolonging time to death in convulsion induced by picrotoxin, but not found in convulsion induced by caffein.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-103
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• 1999

In order to prove the anticonvulsive effect of the fragrance of Magnoliae Flos in convulsion-induced mice, experiments were performed on anticonvulsive effect, GABA level, glutamic acid level, GABA-T activity and GAD activity. The results were obtained as follows: 1. As far as anticonvulsive effect was concerned, on the convulsion induced by such as maximal electric seizure, strychnine, bicuculline, or picrotoxin it was not significant, but the convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole it was significant comparing to the control group. 2. GABA level was increased significantly in mice. 3. Glutamic acid level was decreased significantly in mice. 4. GABA-T activity was decreased by the fragrance of Magnoliae Flos. 5. The fragrance of Magnoliae Flos was not effective in GAD activity. From above result, the fragrance of Magnoliae Flos had significant effects on convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole, so it is expected to clinical application on convulsive diseases such as epilepsy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2017

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures that are usually controlled with antiepileptic/anticonvulsive drugs. However, most antiepileptic drugs produce various side effects such as tolerance and sedation. Thus, there is a growing interest for alternative anticonvulsive drugs, preferably from natural or herbal sources. In this study, we evaluated the anticonvulsive effects of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG). The anticonvulsive effect of RG extract was evaluated using electroshock- and chemical-induced seizure tests in mice. To identify its probable mechanism of action, the effects of RG extract on $Cl^-$ influx was measured in vitro. We found that RG extract has anticonvulsive effects against electroshock-induced seizures, as indicated by an increased seizure threshold in mice. The RG extract also decreased the percentage of seizure responses induced by the GABAergic antagonist, pentylenetetrazole. These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effects of RG extract are mediated through a GABAergic mechanism. In support of this mechanism, our in vitro test showed that RG extract increases intracellular $Cl^-$ influx. Furthermore, RG extract did not show sedative and/or muscle relaxant effects in the open-field and rota-rod tests. Altogether, these results confirm that RG extract could be a herbal anticonvulsant and a potential alternative for clinical use.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 1998

Gastrodia elata (GE) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various brain diseases including convulsion and epilepsy. In orde r to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of GE (500mg/kg, P.0) to the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsive rats. Methanol extracts of GE significantly inhibited (35%) the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation (25%) in the brain. The ether fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively ibhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.O{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}2.O{\times}1O^{-5}g/ml$). The scavenging effect on hydroxy radicals was found in all the fractions of ether, butanol, and dichloromethane. These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of GE is possibly due to the antioxidative effects of the active components in GE.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticonvulsive effects of Gamiheichumhwan extract and to explain its action in GABAergic neuromodulation of the rat brain. Method: The extracts of Gamiheichumhwan were investigated for their inhibitory effect on GABA transaminase activity, their influence on brain GABA and glutamate levels, their agonistic activity on GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and anticonvulsive action using in vitro and in vivo assays. Results: 1. The extract inhibited dose-dependently GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activity by 4.6% and 18.9%, respectively at dosages of 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg mouse (p.o.). 2. Brian GABA level was increased to 72.0% and brain glutamate level was decreased to 9.6% at a dosage of 500 mg/kg mouse (p.o.). 3. The extract suppressed [3H]Ro15-1788 binding to rat cerebral cortical membrane by $81.4{\pm}0.8%$ at a dosage of 3.2 mg, suggesting its agonistic activity on GABA/benzodiazepin receptor. 4. The extract showed anticonvulsive effect by lengthening the onset time of convulsion, shortening the convulsion duration and diminishing the lethality. Conclusion : It is suggested that Gamiheichumhwan can be used to somnipathy and adapted to treatment and prevention of epilepsy or convulsion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.614-619
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• 2011

Nelumbo nucifera(NN) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of antidiarrhea, sedative action and various brain diseases including convulsion and epilepsy. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of NN(100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of NN prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Methanol extracts of NN were not effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of NN significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently($5.0{\times}10^{-6}\sim2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;g/ml$). These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of NN is possibly due to the antioxidative effects of the free radical formation at brain for the PTZ-induced convulsion if it were by due to generating system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.257-278
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• 1995

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Bojeosodokeum on the Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Anti-convulsive effects in mice and rats. The results obtained as follows : 1. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on analgesic effect. 2. the solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on Anti-inflammatory effect. 3. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on antipyretic effect. 4. Antimicrobial effects of solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was observed. 5. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on anticonvulsive effect. According to the above results, it is confirmed that analgestic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial and anticonvulsive effect were recognized in solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 1994

The Study was performed on the anticonvulsive effects of Woohwangporyonghwan(WPH) and Woohwangporyonghwan except CINNABARIS and REALGAR(WPHCR) in ICR mice pretreated with strychnine, picrotoxin, and caffeine as convulsive agents, and also was done on the accumulation of Hg & AS in organs of ICR mice by ICP hydride generation method. The results were obtained as follows: 1. WPH and WPHCR group showed significant effect in delaying the onset of convulsion induced by strichine, but time to death was effective only in WPHCR group. 2. WPH and WPHCR group were significantly effective in delaying convulsion induced by picrotoxin, and time to death. 3. The anticonvulsive effect of WPH and WPHCR group was not found convulsion induced by caffeine. 4. The accumulation of Hg, AS in liver and kidney of ICR mice was not determined below 50ng/g and below 80ng/g respectively. From the above results it could be concluded that WPH and WPHCR group were effective in the convulsions induced by strychnine and picrotoxin, although the accumulation of Hg & As in liver and kidney was not proved, further study might be necessary to prove the drug safety of WPH included CINNABARIS and REALGAR.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.199-213
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• 1997

In convulsion state by PTZ in rat, anticonvulsive effect and some of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA)-related mechanisms of Buthus extract in brain was experimented. It was inhibited GABA-T activity, lipid peroxide generation and xanthine oxidase activity as scheduled administration in vitro and vivo. And the content of brain glutathione was increased as scheduled administration in rat. In convulsion state by PTZ of previously managed rat by Buthus extract, onset time and duration were non-specific changes but recovery time and severity was remarkably reduced. In conclusion speculated that Buthus extract inhibits convulsion by control of GABA content In brain.