• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 1990

Anticomplementary activity of 61 strains of Korean higher fungi was screened for immunostimulation. Extracts from 11 of 61 strains including 5 of Ganoderma lucidum, 3 of Lentinus edodes, 2 of Cordyceps sp. and 1 of Agaricus campestris, showed higher anticomplementary activity than krestin which was immunopotent extract from Japanese Coriolus versicolor. The most potent anticomplementary activity was found with extract from Lentinus edodes IY105 whose complement consumption was 31.7%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

By using several solvents, barley extracts containing the anticomplementary activities in classical pathway were prepared (250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml): methanol (83.1%), ethanol (71.9%), water extract (25.4%), M-1 (250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and the soluble part of methanol extract which showed the highest activity (83.4%) and the yield. Anticomplementary activity of methanol extract as well as protease digestion in classical pathway showed 82.4% and 78.4% in the concentration of 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. It was found that protein was not involved in anticomplementary activity in the classical pathway and the methanol extract made an impact on classical pathway, but not on alternative pathway. For the immune-stimulating effect, the T cell proliferation effect of the protease digestion displayed little effect irrespective of the dose. In addition, the T cell proliferation effect of methanol extract showed 13-fold higher proliferation effect compared with positive control. It was revealed that the substance containing protein serves as an important factor for the immune proliferation. Therefore, the anticomplementary activity ${\beta}$-glucan in classical pathway and alternative pathway displayed the lowest activity, showing 2.2%, 22.3% respectively. However, the immune-stimulating effect of ${\beta}$-glucan showed the T cell stimulating effect 13 times higher than positive control.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.703-706
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• 1998

The anticomplementary activity of stilbenes from medicinal plants in Korea was investigated in vitro. 3,5-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene (3) was most potent with $IC_{50}$ value of $1.5{\times}10^{-4}M$ followed by rhapontigenin (4), oxyresverastrol (2), 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-glucoside (9), rhaponticin (8), resverastrol (1), and piceid (7). The activity was found to be increased by a methylation on a hydroxy group of C-4' of 1, but decreased by further methylation on hydroxy groups of C-3 and C-5 and glucosylation on any hydroxy group of 1. Addition of hydroxy group on C-2' of 1 or C-3' of 3 was little affected on the anticomplementary activity but the activity was increased by O-glucosylation on C-2 of 1.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 1997

A very high content (at least 0.23%) of ergosterol peroxide was isolated from Naematoloma fasciculare Karst. Not only ergosterol peroxide but also ergosterol showed very strong anticomplementary activity on the classical pathway, the $IC_{50}$ values being $5.0 {\mu}M$ and $1.0 {\mu}M$, respectively. The $ ^{1}H $and $^{13}C$ NMR data of ergosterol peroxide were revised and completely assigned by DEPT, $^{1}H-^{1}H$ COSY, HMQC and HMBC correlations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.410-413
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• 1998

The major protein (GMP) from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer was purified, using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography followed by reversed-phase and ion exchange FPLC. Staining analysis indicated that the protein has a carbohydrate moiety, which was also shown by band shift experiments using various glycosidases. Electrophoretic and gel permeation studies showed that GMP has an apparent molecular weight of 63 kDa composed of possibly two subunits of 25 kDa containing carbohydrate moiety. GMP showed an anticomplementary activity on the hemolysis of red blood cells, which is a screening tool for inflammation mediator search.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1994

Antitumor polysaccharides were known to activate complement system and to increase specific serum proteins in mouse, and researcher reported that antitumor activity of polyasccharides might be correlated with their biological properties such as activation of complement system and increase of specific protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$ within the mouse serum. In case of several Ganoderma lucidum, there was no correlation between their antitumor activities and their bioloical properties, but the antitumor activities against sarcoma 180 of the alkali extracted crude polysaccharide fractions of the Ganoderma lucidum IY 009. AS, T, AI and M were correlated with their bioloical properties such as anticomplementary activity and intensity of mouse serum protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

The quality of an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (IVIG) is reflected by the degree of nonspecific activation of complements, the so-called anticomplementary activity (ACA). ACA of aggregates in IVIG was investigated using method by the European Pharmacopoeia and Clq-coated microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both the EP method and the ELISA method showed a dose response curve with the amount of complements bound increasing with the percentage content of aggregates in immunoglobulin standard. The correlation between the two tests was good (r=0.96, r=0.99). However, the correlation was not found when the ACA (EP method) of IVIG product was compared with its aggregate percentage. These results emphasize that the method of aggregate formation affects ACA and that estimation of the percentage distribution of aggregates by HPLC may not reflect ACA. In analysing WIG product for Clq binding activity test with the ELISA, the result by using Protein A-HRP correlated with aggregate percentage (r=0.84). But the correlation decreased (r=0.48) when the result used Protein A-AP(having poorer sensitivity than HRP) was compared with aggregate percentage. As a result, some variation between the two methods, due to differences in assay principles, is to be expected. However, ELISA technique has the advantage in that it is easier to perform, more precise and less subject to reagent variability, and is the more suitable screening method than HPLC analysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.317-319
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• 1999

Anticomplementary activity of hederagenin and related saponins isolated from Dipsacus asper was investigated in vitro. HN saponin F (3) was most potent with $IC_{50}$ value of$ 3.7{\times}10^{-5} M$ followed by 3-O-${\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow} 3)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-L-arabinopyranosyl$ hederagenin $28-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-beta$-D-glucopyrano side (8), $3-O-{\beta}-L-arabinopyranosyl$ hederagenin $28-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), dipsacus saponin A (4), and hederagenin (1) on the classical pathway (CP) of complement system, while the saponins 3-5 did not show the inhibition of hemolysis and rather increase the hemolysis on the alternative pathway (AP). However, all of C-3 monodesmosides [prosapogenin CP (2), dipsacus saponin B (6), and dipsacus saponin C (7)] evoked hemolysis directly on the erythrocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.209-225
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• 1995

Ganoderan, antitumor ${\beta}-glucan$ from Ganoderma lucidum was extracted from the mycelium of G.lucidum IY009 which was cultured in various carbon sources. The mycelium was shown to be capable of utilizing various carbon sources, e.g., soluble starch, fructose and glucose, and differs in morphology on carbon sources. In radioisotope assay, about $5.2{\sim}16%$ of glucose was to be incorporated in ganoderan of the mycelium. The monosugars of these ganoderan were mainly consisted of glucose, mannose, galactose. The galactose was not good carbon source for growing the mycelium but the best carbon source for producing the potentialized-ganoderan on the antitumor and anticomplementary activity. The tumor inhibition ratio of ganoderan-GAL, obtained from galactose medium, was 83.6% at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day. This crude polysaccaride was composed of five monosaccharide and the protein contained 16 amino acids. Also, ganoderan-GAL increased the anticomplementary activity than that obtained from any other media. This fact suggests that the structural differences of ganoderan influence the antitumor and anticomplementary activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1996

In searching for anticomplementary compounds, three phenylpropanoids were isolated from the roots of Agastache rugosa and identified as rosmarinic acid (RA), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAM) and caffeic acid methyl ester (CAM) by NMR analyses. RA and RAM exhibited strong inhibitory activity on both the classical pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system, in vitro, but CAM did far less than RA and RAM. $RAM-M1{\sim}-M5$, the methylated derivatives from the RAM, showed that the inhibitory activity was decreased in inverse proportion to the number of methylated groups and $RAM-M 2{\sim}-M4$, the isomers of two methylated hydroxyl groups, exhibited different inhibition activity.