• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2021

Helianthus annuus L. has been reported with various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects. According to recent studies, H. annuus L. is known to contain components such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, and lignans. The seeds of H. annuus L. have been reported to contain chlorogenic acid and di-O-caffeoylquinic acid as major components. However, studies on the main components and content of leaves of H. annuus L. are still incomplete. Therefore, in this study, the contents of four major components of H. annuus L. were evaluated by simultaneous quantitative analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD). The isolated four compounds Caffeoylquinic acid(CQA), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,4-DCQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCQA) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCQA) were shown in a large linearity with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.99. In addition, as a result of intra-inter day analysis of four major compounds by the analysis method of this study, the accuracy of 88.46% or more and less than 112.85% and excellent precision of less than 3% were shown, the content analysis showed CQA (0.383±0.018 mg/g), 3,4-DCQA (0.282±0.017 mg/g), 3,5-DCQA (1.109±0.068 mg/g), and 4,5-DCQA (0.673±0.020 mg/g).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2021

Background: Zinc is known for modulating antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulating inflammatory response. This study aimed to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for studies comparing zinc supplement group versus control group for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 up to November 3, 2020. The search results were updated on February 9, 2021. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Total 4 studies were included in this systematic review. The zinc administered group had a significantly lower mortality rate compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.53-0.75, p<0.001), with significantly higher discharge rate (OR 1.32, 95% Cl 1.15-1.52, p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the intensive care unit admission rate (OR 1.07, 95% Cl 0.26-4.48, p=0.92), mechanical ventilation rate (OR 0.80, 95% Cl 0.45-1.41, p=0.44), and length of hospital stay (mean difference 0.75, 95% Cl -0.64 to 2.13, p=0.29) between the two groups. Conclusion: The meta-analysis of zinc administration showed positive clinical effects on the discharge rate and mortality of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. However, large-scale randomized controlled trial should be conducted for zinc to be considered as one of the adjuvant treatments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between timedependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against Xoo over the course of Phomopsis longicolla S1B4 fermentation. Metabolites were clearly differentiated based on fermentation time into phase 1 (days 4-8) and phase 2 (days 10-20) in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites contributing significantly for phases 1 and 2 were deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, fusaristatin A, and dicerandrols A, B, and C as identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and dimethylglycine, isobutyric acid, pyruvic acid, ribofuranose, galactofuranose, fructose, arabinose, hexitol, myristic acid, and propylstearic acid were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling. The most significantly different secondary metabolites, especially deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, and dicerandrol A, B and C, were positively correlated with antibacterial activity against Xoo during fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.696-703
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• 2019

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious infections in neonates. In this study, a bacteriophage ${\Phi}CS01$, which infects C. sakazakii, was isolated from swine feces and its morphology, growth parameters, and genomic analysis were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ${\Phi}CS01$ has a spherical head and is 65.74 nm in diameter with a 98.75 nm contracted tail, suggesting that it belongs to the family Myoviridae. The major viral proteins are approximately 71 kDa and 64 kDa in size. The latent period of ${\Phi}CS01$ was shown to be 60 min, and the burst size was 90.7 pfu (plaque-forming units)/infected cell. Bacteriophage ${\Phi}CS01$ was stable at $4-60^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and lost infectivity after 1 h of heating at $70^{\circ}C$. Infectivity remained unaffected at pH 4-9 for 2 h, while the bacteriophage was inactivated at pH <3 or >10. The double-stranded ${\Phi}CS01$ DNA genome consists of 48,195 base pairs, with 75 predicted open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis is closely related to that of the previously reported C. sakazakii phage ESP2949-1. The newly isolated ${\Phi}CS01$ shows infectivity in the host bacterium C. sakazakii, indicating that it may be a promising alternative to antibacterial agents for the removal of C. sakazakii from powdered infant formulas.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.394-398
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• 2000

A methanol extract of the root of Peucedanum japonicum, used as a medicinal herb, showed an inhibitory effect on mammalian topoisomerase I activity. The methanol extract was suspended in ethyl acetate, and a topoisomerase I inhibitor in the organic soluble fraction was then isolated by silica gel and thin layer chromatography. The topoisomerase I inhibitory compound was indentified as falcarindiol based on the analysis of EI-MS, $^1$H and \ulcornerC NMR spectroscopy. This inhibitory showed cytotoxicity against human leukemia Jurkat T and HL60 cells with an IC\ulcorner value of 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. These results suggest the possibility of falcarindiol as a new anticancer agent which can be expected to have a synergistic effect on other anticancer drugs. In addition, the present data show that falcarindiol has antifungal, yet not antibacterial, activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3191-3195
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• 2012

New silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded amino acid based hydrogels were synthesized successfully from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acryl amide-co-acryloyl phenyl alanine) (PAA) by redox polymerization. The formation of AgNP in hydrogels was confirmed by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and XRD. The structure and morphology of silver nanocomposite hydrogels were studied by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated scattered nanoparticles, ca. 10-20 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed large differences of weight loss (i.e., 48%) between the prestine hydrogel and silver nanocomposite. The antibacterial studies of AgNP-loaded PAA (Ag-PAA) hydrogels was evaluated against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. These Ag-PAA hydrogels showed significant activities against all the test bacteria. Newly developed hydrogels could be used for medical applications, such as artificial burn dressings.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2014

Single crystals of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of 4-nitrobenzoic acid have been successfully grown by gel diffusion technique. The grown crystals were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The structure of the grown crystals was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The title compounds $[Co(Pnba)_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}2H_2O$ 1 and $[Ni(Pnba)_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}2H_2O$ 2 where PnbaH=4-nitrobenzoic acid, crystallize in centrosymmetric triclinic space group P-1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that the compounds are paramagnetic in nature. The mechanical strength of the grown crystals was determined by Vicker's microhardness studies. The ligand (4-nitrobenzoic acid) and the complexes have been screened for their biological activity against various bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the biological activity of the complexes is higher than that of the ligand.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

This study deals with antibacterial properties of nylon fiber treated with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride(GTAC) and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs). Nylon fibers were soaked into GTAC(2-30%, v:v) solution for 20 min. After sample was pre-drying at $80^{\circ}C$ for 10min and cured at $180^{\circ}C$ for 5min. The AgNPs coating was accomplished by soaking in silver colloid solution at $45^{\circ}C$ for 90min. The coated nylon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS). EDS analysis indicated that AgNPs and GTAC was attached on nylon fibers. The treated nylon fibers showed antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli(ATCC 43895), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 13388) and Staphylococcus aureus(ATCCBAA-1707).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

Cefazolin ethoxycarbonylethyl ester (CFZ-ET) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of the parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin (CFZ-Na). The successful synthesis of CFZ-ET was identified with analysis of UV spectra, FT-lR spectra and NMR spectra. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-ET was more lipophilic than CFZ-Na and the ester was hydrolyzed into the parent drug in vivo. Although CFZ-ET did not have antimicrobial activity in vitro, the plasma taken after the oral administration of CFZ-ET had antimicrobial activity. Based on above observations, CFZ-ET might be rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. Therefore, it may be concluded that CFZ-ET could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the bioavailability of CFZ-Na.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proper dyeing condition, color fastness and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. FT-IR spectrum analysis suggests that colorants of Zizania latifolia Turcz. are tannins. The dyeing of the silk fabrics using Zizania latifolia Turcz. was very good even without pretreatment or mordanting treatment. Optimal dyeing conditions of silk fabrics were colorant concentration of 200%(o.w.f.), dyeing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, dyeing time of 60 minutes and dyebath pH of 5.5. Color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light was 4~4-5, 5, 4~4-5(acidic), 4-5(alkaline) and 2 respectively. UV protection rate and deodorization rate of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. were improved. Reduction rate(Staphyloccus aureus) of silk fabrics was excellent at 98.3%. As a result, it was confirmed that the Zizania latifolia Turcz. could be used as an eco-friendly functional natural dye.