• Strategy21
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• 통권46호
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• pp.89-122
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• 2020

The longing for submarine manufacture and the fear of her power had exited for a long time, but submarine that could submerge and attack was built from 20th century by science technology development. The question, 'Submarine can exercise her power in naval warfare?' had exited before World War I, but the effective value of submarine was shown in the procedure of a chain of naval warfare during World War I and World War II. Germany and the United States made the best use of submarines at that time. The submarines of these nations mounted fierce attack on the enemy's battleships and merchant ships and blocked the sea lanes for war material. These fierce attack on ships became impossible After World War II, and the major powers reduced and coordinated the defence budget, so they considered the role of submarine. However, submarine is still powerful weapon system because she can secretly navigate under the water, and one of the most important force in the navy. The aim of this thesis is analyzing submarine roles in each naval warfare and integrating maritime strategy and weapon system technology into her roles. First, the research about represent submarine roles like anti-surfaceship warfare, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, land attack, supporting special operation and mine landing warfare will be presented, then the major naval warfare where submarine participated(during ex-World War I, World War I, World War II, The Cold War Era and post Cold War) and the analyzing of submarine roles by time will be presented. Submarine was developed for anti-surfaceship warfare during ex-World War I but could not make remarkable military gain in naval warfare because her performance and weapon was inadequate. However, the effective value of submarine in the procedure of a chain of naval warfare was shown during World War I and World War II. The major powers put battleships into naval warfare undiscriminatingly to command the sea power and submarines did massive damage to enemy navy power, so put a restraint the maritime power of enemy, and blocked the sea lanes for war material. After World War II, the battlefield situation changed rapidly and the concept of preemption became difficult to apply in naval warfare. Therefore, the submarine was unable to concentrate on anti-surfaceship mission. Especially during the Cold War era, nuclear submarine came to appear and her weapon system developed rapidly. These development gave submarines special missions: anti-submarine warfare and intelligence gathering. At that time, United States and Soviet submarines tracked other nation's submarines loaded with nuclear weapons and departing from naval their base. The submarines also collected information on the volume of ships and a coastal missile launching site in company with this mission. After Cold War, the major powers despatched forces to major troubled regions to maintain world peace, their submarines approached the shores of these regions and attacked key enemy installations with cruise missiles. At that time, the United States eased the concept of preemption and made the concept of Bush doctrine because of possible 911 terrorism. The missiles fired from submarines and surface battleships accurately attacked key enemy installations. Many nations be strategically successful depending on what kind of mission a submarine is assigned. The patterns of future naval warfare that my country will provide against will be military power projection and coalition/joint operations. These suggest much more about what future missions we should assign to submarines.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.877-885
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• 2018

The anti-submarine helicopter is the most effective weapon system in anti-submarine warfare. Recently changes in the introduction of the anti-submarine warfare sonar system are expected to operate multi-static sonar equipment of the anti-submarine helicopter. Therefore, it is required to study the operational concept of multi-static of anti-submarine helicopter. This paper studies on the optimal search of multi-static based on anti-submarine helicopter considering Furthest On Circles(FOC). First, the deployment of the sensors of the anti-submarine helicopter is optimized using genetic algorithms. Then, the optimized model is extended to consider FOC. Finally, the proposed model is verified by comparing pattern-deployment the search method in Korean Navy.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2010

대잠작전에서 HMS를 이용한 탐색이 그 기본전술로 이용되고 있으며 점차 HMS 운용전술의 중요성이 증대되고 있으나, 해양환경, 탐색패턴, 소나 운용전술, 대잠 탐색전술 등의 상호작용으로 인하여 효과적인 대잠 탐색전술 개발에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 대잠 탐색환경에서 HMS 탑재함이 잠수함을 탐색하는데 사용할 수 있는 탐색패턴들을 분석할 수 있는 시뮬레이터를 개발하였다. 개발된 시뮬레이터는 대잠탐색에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인들을 반영하고, 대잠함의 탐색패턴 및 잠수함의 회피 기동 등을 고려하여, 단독 또는 다수 세력에 의한 협동 대잠작전 등의 다양한 대잠탐색을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있다. 개발된 시뮬레이터는 HMS를 이용한 체계적이고 효율적인 대잠전 운영전술을 개발하고 발전시키는데 유용하게 활용 가능하다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.572-578
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• 2011

In this paper, the result of study on the effectiveness of anti-submarine defense plan according to the disposition of surface ships has been proposed. The surface ship carries a hull mounted sonar(HMS) as a underwater sensor and a torpedo acoustic counter measure(TACM) as a soft-kill weapon against torpedo attacks from the enemy. Nowadays these underwater systems have been combined into a integrated anti-submarine warfare combat system. And in the real anti-submarine operation environment, several surface ships cooperate for executing ASW plans. Considering these ASW systems and the ASW environment, the models of underwater systems mounted on an surface ship and the a general model of anti-submarine defense plan are proposed. And we designed a scenario for conducting simulations to evaluate the ASW plan according to the variation of the range and the relative angle between surface ships and a capital ship. The simulation results show the effectiveness of ASW plan depends on the formation of surface ships and a capital ship.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수상함과 대잠헬기가 협동작전을 수행하는 환경에서의 수상함의 최적 탐색 패턴을 도출하기 위한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 대잠 탐색 작전을 수행하는 수상함과 대잠헬기의 기동 및 탐색 임무를 모델링하였으며, 탐색의 대상이 되는 잠수함의 회피 기동을 확률적 방법으로 모델링 하였다. 또한 수상함과 대잠 헬기가 수행하는 대잠 탐색 임무의 효과도를 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 지표들을 정의하였다. 대잠 탐색 작전의 주요 변수 중 하나인 수상함과 잠수함 예상위치간 초기 거리의 변화에 따른 시나리오들을 생성하였다. 각 시나리오에 대해, 수상함이 단독으로 최적 탐색 패턴에 따라 임무를 수행하는 경우와, 수상함과 대잠헬기가 협동 작전을 수행하는 경우에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 최근까지의 주요 연구 대상이 되어온 수상함들의 단독 작전을 가정한 최적 탐색 패턴으로는, 대잠헬기와의 협동 작전 환경에서 최대의 탐지 효과도를 얻을 수 없음을 밝히고, 협동 작전 환경에서 잠수함 탐지 확률을 최대화 하기위한 수상함의 기동 패턴 재구성 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 함정에 탑재돼 운용되는 대잠헬기의 잠수함 탐지능력 증대시키기 위한 임무 할당 방안을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 대잠헬기가 대잠 탐색 임무 중에 수행하는 행동 및 행동들 간의 연간관계를 분석하여 모델링하였다. 또한 대잠 헬기가 수행하는 대잠 탐색 임무의 효과도를 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 지표들을 정의하였다. 설계된 모델링 결과를 이용해 효과도를 분석하기 위한 시나리오를 구성하였으며, 시나리오 및 대잠 탐색 임무 시 대잠 헬기와 상호작용하는 아군 수상함 및 적 잠수함과 관련된 주요 설정값을 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 활용해 임무의 효과도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 대잠 헬기 디핑 소나의 운용 간격, 반복적인 탐색 임무 수행 시의 패턴에 따른 효과도를 분석하여, 효과적인 대잠 탐색 임무 할당 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

함정 전투체계는 각종 센서 및 무장을 포함한 플랫폼들을 효율적으로 통제하기 위해서 운용자의 개입을 필요로 한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서 다중 에이전트 기반의 M&S(Modeling and Simulation) 기술이 도입되어 다양한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 다중 플랫폼간의 높은 임무 복잡도를 필요로 하는 대 잠수함 전투에 있어서는 M&S 시스템을 통한 전술에 관한 연구가 거의 진행되지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중 에이전트 기반의 M&S 기술을 대 잠수함 전투에 적용하였다. 이를 위해 함정, 잠수함, 헬기 등 다수의 플랫폼을 에이전트 기반으로 모델링함으로써 HVU(High Value Unit) 호위 임무를 위한 모델 구조를 제시하였다. 이를 통해 다양한 전장상황에 대한 다양한 전술 효과도를 분석할 수 있었다. 그 결과 조건별 최적의 전술적 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 국방 관계자들이 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론을 도입하여 상세한 모델 변수값들을 대입한다면 보다 실질적인 대 잠수함 전술 효과도를 분석해 낼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

This paper describes the measured results of sonobuoy transmitting antenna system for anti-submarine warfare (ASW). Since radiation pattern and power density depend on impedance matching between transmitting RF part and antenna with termination resistance, design of matching circuit is very important for sonobuoy system performance. Matching circuit is designed by Smith chart using control of L and C. In standing wave ratio(SWR) measurement using Network Analyzer, SWR of antenna with matching circuit observed 1.5 below at the assigned VHF band. It shows very excellent performance comparison with conversional product that is used for the same object. The measured vertical and horizontal radiation patterns are also shown the satisfaction of military specifications. A drop out of sonobuoy system on the sea is happened when angle of elevation direction is over 10 degrees, and it is conformed that it takes less than I second return to original signal level. The required electric power density is $83\;mW/m^2$ in the military specification, and measured electric power density is observed over average $110\;mW/m^2$ at all frequency bands.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2006

Low frequency towed line array with high array gain and beam resolution is a long range surveillance sensor for anti-submarine warfare. The beam characteristics is however deteriorated due to the distorted line array sensor caused by low towing speed, wind, current, and towing ship maneuvering. An adaptive beamforming method is utilized in this paper to enhance the distorted line array beam performance by estimating and compensating the nonlinear array shape. A polynomial curve fitting in the least square sense is used to estimate the array shape iteratively with the distributed heading sensors data along the array. Real time array shape estimation and nonlinear array beam calculation is applied to a very long towed line array sensor system and the beam performance is evaluated and compared to the linear beamformer for the simulation and sea trial data.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2005

A simulation for the analysis of the evasive capability of a conventional costal submarine against a light Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedo has been studied. The Torpedo, Submarine Controller, Devoy, and Jammer models of this simulation are analysised and designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and in addition they are modeled Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS). We examine maximum speed, acceleration, countermeasure systems capabilities of a submarine, and sonar range of a torpedo as the factors which affect the evasive capability of the submarine. This paper shows the relationships between those various factors and the submarine's evasive capability as the outcome of the simulation. The simulation models can be applied for simulation based acquisition (SBA) of a submarine system.