• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2005

Mongolian dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum H.) extracted with solvents having different polarities were prepared to investigate protection activity of gastric mucosa. Ethanol extracts were successively reextracted with methylene chloride, and n-butanol. Concentrations of total flavonoids and luteolin in n-butanol extracts were 27.75 and 1.14%, respectively, much higher than those of other solvent extracts. Results of anti-microbial acitivity test against Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibition test revealed n-butanol extract exerted higher inhibition (13.16%) than other solvent extracts. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, n-butanol extract showed the highest efficiency of free radical-scavenger activity among the extracts ($SC_{50}\;47{\mu}g/mL$). Erythrocytic photohemolysis tests, for the protection of cell membrane showed that half-life of human erythrocytes was increased by the addition of n-butanol extract $({\tau}_{50}=172min;C=5.0{\mu}g/mL)$. These results indicate n-butanol extract of Mongolian dandelion may be useful as a adjuvant for gastric diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb-combind Prescription(SHP) on Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced Diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to rats with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups : normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, sample group with SHP treatment. In vitro test of SHP showed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the seum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined and insulin granule was observed by immunohistochemical examination. Result : STZ caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell. SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. And by SHP treatment, pancrease showed a big area with positive immuno-reactivity for presence of insulin with many insulin granules distributed in the ${\beta}$-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Contusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic rat model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an intracellular messenger at the physiological level but can be cytotoxic at high concentrations. The cells within periodontal tissues, such as gingival and periodontal fibroblasts, contain nitric oxide syntheses and produce high concentrations of NO when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and cytokines. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying NO-induced cytotoxicity in periodontal tissues are unclear at present. In our current study, we examined the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Cell viability and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using a MTT assay and a fluorescent spectrometer, respectively. The morphological changes in the cells were examined by Diff-Quick staining. Expression of the Bcl-2 family and Fas was determined by RT-PCR or western blotting. The activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 was assessed using a spectrophotometer. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased the cell viability of the HGF cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SNP enhanced the production of ROS, which was ameliorated by NAC, a free radical scavenger. ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not block the SNP-induced decrease in cell viability. SNP also caused apoptotic morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. The expression of Bax, a member of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family, was upregulated in the SNP-treated HGF cells, whereas the expression of Bcl-2, a member of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, was downregulated. SNP augmented the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol and enhanced the activity of caspase-8, -9, and -3. SNP also upregulated Fas, a component of the death receptor assembly. These results suggest that NO induces apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast via ROS and the Bcl-2 family through both mitochondrial- and death receptor-mediated pathways. Our data also indicate that the cyclic GMP pathway is not involved in NO-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2017

Purpose: This study primarily aimed to investigate the short- and long-term remission rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer, especially patients who were non-obese, and secondarily to determine the potential factors associated with remission. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with T2D who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: T2D improved in 39 out of 70 (55.7%) patients at the postoperative 2-year follow-up and 21 of 42 (50.0%) at the 5-year follow-up. In the 2-year data analysis, preoperative body mass index (BMI) (P=0.043), glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level (P=0.039), number of anti-diabetic medications at baseline (P=0.040), reconstruction method (statistical difference was noted between Roux-en-Y reconstruction and Billroth I; P=0.035) were significantly related to the improvement in glycemic control. Unlike the results at 2 years, the 5-year data analysis revealed that only preoperative BMI (P=0.043) and A1C level (P=0.039) were statistically significant for the improvement in glycemic control; however, the reconstruction method was not. Conclusions: All types of gastric cancer surgery can be effective in short- and long-term T2D control in non-obese patients. In addition, unless long-limb bypass is considered in gastric cancer surgery, the long-term glycemic control is not expected to be different between the reconstruction methods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2013

This study demonstrated that the physiochemical properties and anti-oxidants activities of soy sauce with Oak mushroom (MK) and Astragalus memyranaceus (AK) improved in sensory acceptability and functionality during the ripening period of 30 days. The pH content was reduced and the total acidity content was increased with time. The total sugar of AK and MK was higher than traditional soy sauce (TK), and the changes in amino nitrogen of the AK increased dramatically from 0.50 to 0.98%. During the antioxidant experiments, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased at a steady rate and studies showed that the DPPH free radical scavenging activities were higher in all treatments except in the traditional soy sauce. According to the results of this study, the antioxidant activities of the AK and MK were higher than the TK, while the preference for the AK and MK was higher than the TK. In conclusion, the AK could be used as a functional soy sauce.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2008

This study was carried out to help restore and spread broaden the consumption of Chungtaejeon, a our traditional tea, Chungtaejeon in Korea, and as well as to gather the basic data on Chutaejeon tea. We have also compared the various ingredients components and physiological activities of Chungtaejeon tea extracts with that of green tea extracts. According to the results, the total phenol contents in of the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 90.56 and 98.70 mg/100 mL, respectively, and their tannin contents levels in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 214.14 mg/100 mL and 259.60 mg/100 mL, respectively, showing a difference in content. The catechin contents of the Chetaejeon and green tea extracts were in the order of EGC($15.80{\sim}16.50\;mg/100mL$), EGCG($10.40{\sim}10.60\;mg/100 mL$), and ECG($9.55{\sim}9.88\;mg/100 mL$), however, with the exception of EC(7.86 mg/100 mL) in the green tea extracts, there were not significant differences between that in them Chetaejeon and green tea extracts. Quercetin was the main flavonoid ingredient component in those both the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts was quercetin, at levels of 0.08 mg/100 mL and 0.06 mg/100 mL and its contents in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 0.08 mg/100 mL and 0.06 mg/100 mL, respectively. The primary amino acid in both tea extracts was theanine main amino acid at levels of, theanine contents were most increased in 8.02 mg/100mL and 10.80 mg/100 mL, respectively, Chungtaejeon tea extracts by 8.02 mg/100 mL and green tea extracts by 10.80 mg/100 mL. And the arginine contents of the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 1.78 mg/100 mL and 1.86 mg/100 mL, respectively. In terms of mineral composition, potassium content was highest contents in the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts by 19.80 and 18.04 mg/100 mL, respectively. Finally, the Chungtaejeon tea extracts offered the greatest anti-oxidation and ACE inhibition activities were most increased in the Chungtaejeon tea extracts, and the green tea extracts showed the highest level of nitrite radical scavenging activity at 90% was extremely much increased in the green tea extracts by 90%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

In the present study, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition of Perilla frutescens, Houttuynia cordata and Camellia sinensis extracts and the extract mixtures (PHC) were investigated. PHC showed 80.2% and 98.0% of free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS analysis, respectively, and 50% tyrosinase inhibition in $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. HaCaT cells did not show cell toxicity in $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the PHC. Furthermore, HaCaT cell viability by co-culture with extract H. cordata was increased more than 10% compared with untreated cells. However, the cell viability was decreased in $500{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract C. sinensis and the PHC. These results suggested that about $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of the PHC showed proper tyrosinase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activities. The PHC could be used as multifunctional cosmeceutical agents.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities of Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza). The Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza) was extracted with ethanol and methanol, and the extracts were fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol and water, in that order. The antioxidant activities of Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza) were determined by measuring the radical scavenging effects, using the 1, l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The electron donating ability was shown to be about 50% (IC50) at concentration of L-ascorbic acid, Dansam that reflected eliminatory effect by 50% were 9.48$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 8.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, and l2.59$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ respectively. According to the results of the above anti oxidation experiments, those for the group with the added Dansam showed a decreased oxidation, but the antioxidation increased with time. With a storage temperature of 60 C for 5 days, the acid value for the relative antioxidant activities were higher than in the Control group. The peroxide values for the relative antioxidant activities were also higher than in the Control group. The TBA values for the relative antioxidant activities were higher than in the Control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2007

The feeding effects of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts (ME) on the anti-oxidative actions of ICR mouse skin was investigated. To study the antioxidative effects of ME on ICR mouse skin, female ICR mice were grouped into basic diet group (control), ascorbic acid diet group (AA-2.5, AA-5.0, AA-10.0 and AA-20.0 mg/kg BW/day) as a positive control and experimental diet group (mugwort extract; ME-25, ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 mg/kg BW/day) and fed for 10 weeks. Protein contents in ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 feeding group were increased ($3.1%{\sim}11.1%$) and hydroxyl radical contents were significantly decreased ($10.4%{\sim}17.4%$) compared to control group. Oxidative stress signals and oxidized protein contents were significantly reduced to the range of 15.3 to 17.1% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased to the range of 15.0% to 23.3% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Catalase activities were significantly increased ($14.0%{\sim}36.9%$) in all groups in a dose-dependent pattern. Antioxidative ability of ME showed similarity to that of ascorbic acid.