• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.108.2-108.2
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• 2003

Kaempferol, a flavonol compound, has been reported as the anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic agent and it has been found to inhibit cell growth in vitro. Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the anti-proliferative effect and its mechanism on rat aortic VSMCs treated by kaempferol. kaempferol significantly inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of rat aortic VSMCs in concentration-dependent manner by cell count and ［$^3$H］-thymidine incorporation assay. (omitted)

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2009

The anti-inflammatory effect of Spirulina fusiformis on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice has been investigated and compared with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Indomethacin. The paw volume, lysosomal enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-$\alpha$ were studied in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice after oral administration of Spirulina platensis in an experimental model for gouty arthritis. In the induced mice, the levels of lysosomal enzymes, inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-$\alpha$, lipid peroxidation and the paw volume increased significantly, whereas the antioxidant status decreased when compared to control mice. $\beta$-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase level were also found to be increased in untreated monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes. After the oral administration of Spirulina fusiformis, the physical and biochemical changes observed in monosodium urate crystal-induced animals were significantly restored to near normal levels. The results clearly indicated the anti-inflammatory role of Spirulina fusiformis, a promising drug for gouty arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1003-1012
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• 2018

This study is for checking the possibility of Lentinula edodes as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by Lentinula edodes extracts. We extracted Lentinula edodes with water and 70% ethanol and then in order to evaluate anti-oxidant activity we treated samples by concentrations (100, 500, 1000) ${\mu}g/ml$ and carried out 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, the activity of 2,2'-azino-bis ( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid )-diammonium salt (ABTS) cation radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase(SOD) like activity. Also, in order to evaluate effect of anti-inflammatory the samples in macrophages(RAW 264.7 cells), we carried out evaluation of cell viability, nitric oxide inhibitory activity western blot. The results of DPPH, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of the Lentinula edodes extracts increased in dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic of samples by MTT assay showed no toxicity at the concentrations of 10, 25 and $50{\mu}g/ml$ of Lentinula edodes extract. Nitric oxide inhibition activity results showed that the extracts reduced NO productions in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of inflammatory cytokines as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and iNOS and COX-2 proteins expression rates were decreased significantly in western blot analysis. From the results of the experiment, it was comfirmed that the Lentinula edodes extracts had excellent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on vascular relaxation and vascular inflammation in rat artery isolated from rats and anti-inflammatory activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Methods: Vascular tone and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) production were examined in rat artery isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, in the presence of ECW. HASMC were incubated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) or Angiotensin II for 24 h. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and anti-oxidant activity of ECW was investigated by pretreatment with ECW in HASMC. Results: Cumulative treatment of ECW relaxed aortic smooth muscles of rats in a dose-dependent manner. ECW-induced vasorelaxation was significantly decreased by pretreatment of L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or oxadiazolo-quinoxalinone (ODQ). Furthermore, ECW treatment of thoracic aorta significantly increased cGMP production. Incubation of ECW with ODQ or L-NAME markedly decreased ECW-induced cGMP production. ECW treatment dose-dependently suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$- or Angiotensin II-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in HASMC. Also, ECW exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity in vitro and reduced TNF-${\alpha}$-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Taken together, the results suggest that ECW exerts vascular relaxation via NO/cGMP signaling pathway and decreases MMP-2 expression via anti-oxidant activity.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2004

Objectives : JianTeng-Yuan(交藤圓) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in ${\ulcorner}$HuaTuo ZhongZangJing(華陀 中藏經)${\lrcorner}$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen(補腎: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou(益壽: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley Rats(12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. Normal group(n=8) was injected PBS(1ml/body, s.c) at the back neck's skin. Control group(n=8) was injected D-galactose(50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. JTY group was injected the same treatment for the Control group, and fed containing JTY(10%). The whole groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After rats were sacrificed and anti-oxidant enzyme(SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue(heart, liver and kidney), plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Besides, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21% of the normal level, compared to the control group ; G-px activity(unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group ; and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group ; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant(a=0.05). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane(%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Hair loss affects both men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic health. Recent therapeutic approach for hair loss such as finasteride and minoxidil focused on regulation of hormonal system blood flow. However, long-term use of these drugs caused adverse effects. To develop herbal medicine for therapeutic effect on hair growth, here we screened the 10 medicinal herbs (Red ginseng, Licorice, Ulmus, Barberry root, Lycium root, Rehmanniae radix crudus, Sophora root, Sweet flag, Polygala root, Achyranthes) based on oriental medicine literature. We measured cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, and $5-{\alpha}$ reductase inhibitory effect of the herbal medicine on human dermal papilla (DP) cells to investigate therapeutic effect of the herbal medicine. Treatment of the 1% herbal medicine did not show any cytotoxic effects, and cell growth was increased by treatment of the 0.1% herbal medicine. In addition, the herbal medicine showed stronger antioxidant activity than resveratrol and comparable inhibitory activity of $5-{\alpha}$ reductase with finasteride. Furthermore, when applied to in vivo mouse model, we also observed increases in the number and length of hair of the herbal medicine-treated group. These results suggest that the herbal medicine promotes hair growth by its antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity of $5-{\alpha}$ reductase and might therefore be a promising hair growth-promoting agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2010

Piper nigrum Linne has been used spice as well as herbal medicine in worldwide and has function of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, bioavailability of drugs and etc. In this study, anti-adipogenic activity of Piper nigrum Linne extract and its constituent piperine were investigated in 3T3-L1 differentiation. Adipogenic effects and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 was measured by RT-PCR and Oil Red O staining assays respectively in stimulation of Piper nigrum Linne extract and piperine. Piper nigrum Linne and piperine reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 differentiation and expression of genes associated with adipogenesis such as PPAR${\gamma}$, adipsin, SERBP-1c and LPL. All of taken, anti-adipogenic mechanism of Piper nigrum Linne and piperine were related with regulation of SREBP-1c and PPAR${\gamma}$ expression.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, $IFN{\gamma}/IL-4$ and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also signifcantly decreased production of NO, stimulated ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2019

Licorice species (Glycyrhiza species) are perennial plants belonging to the Leguminosae family. Licorice is world-widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The licorice species, such as Glycyrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and G. glabra, have been widely used in traditional oriental medicine. G. uralensis is found in Central Asia to the northeastern part of China and G. glabra is distributed from southern Europe to the northwestern part of China. These licorice species are characterized by having various pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune improvement, and anti-tumor effects. In this study, we investigated the comparative anti-inflammatory effects of four licorice varieties (G. glabra L., G. uralensis FISCH., Shinwongam, and Wongam) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of licorices at various concentrations. In addition, the nitric oxide (NO) production was elucidated by the treatment of licorice.