• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.345-356
• /
• 2004

The triclosan was shown to have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether and how $PGE_2$ could be inhibited by triclosan in human gingival fibroblast. Human gingival fibroblast-1 cells (ATCC CRL2014) were pre-treated for 1 hour with triclosan (0.001 ${\mu}/ml{\sim}10$ ${\mu}/ml$) and then stimulated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ (1.0 ng/ml). $PGE_2$ synthesis was evaluated by ELISA and gene expression of COX-1 and COX-2 was evaluated by RT-PCR after $TNF-{\alpha}$, triclosan, and NS-398 (COX-2 inhibitor, 5, ${\mu}M$) and/ or cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor, 2 ${\mu}g/ml$). Triclosan was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts in the concentration higher than 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ for longer than 24 hours in tissue culture. The $PGE_2$ synthesis was inhibited by triclosan in dose-dependent manner. Greater COX-2 mRNA suppression was observed with triclosan (0.1 ${\mu}g/ml$) than with $TNF-{\alpha}$ alone, without change in COX-1 gene expression. Inhibitory effects of triclosan on $PGE_2$ synthesis disappeared in presence of cycloheximide. This study suggests that triclosan inhibit prostaglandin $E_2$ at the level of COX-2 gene regulation and require de novo protein synthesis.

• 식품저장과 가공산업
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2008

The health benefits of garlic (Allium sativum L.) are derived from a wide variety of components and from the different ways it is administered. The known health benefits of garlic include cardiovascular protective effects, stimulation of immune function, reduction of blood glucose level, protection against microbial, viral and fungal infections, as well as anticancer effects. In the present study, it was examined the effects of water extract of A. sativum (WEAS) on the growth of cultured human tumor cells in order to investigate its anti-proliferative mechanism. Treatment of WEAS to tumor cells resulted in the growth inhibition, especially in leukemia cells, which was associated with induction of G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. In order to further explore the critical events leading to apoptosis in WEAS-treated U937 human leukemia cells, the following effects of WEAS on components of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were examined: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression changes of Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins. The cytotoxic effect of WEAS was mediated by its induction of apoptosis as characterized by the occurrence of DNA ladders, apoptotic bodies and chromosome condensation in U937 cells. The WEAS-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was correlated with the generation of intracellular ROS, collapse of MMP, activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. The quenching of ROS generation with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine conferred significant protection against WEAS-elicited ROS generation, caspase-3 activation, G2/M arrest and apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study reveals that the cellular ROS generation plays a pivotal role in the initiation of WEAS-triggered apoptotic death in U937 cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2020

Leishmaniasis is a prevalent cause of death and animal morbidity in underdeveloped countries of endemic area. However, there is few vaccine and effective drugs. Antimicrobial peptides are involved in the innate immune response in many organisms and are being developed as novel drugs against parasitic infections. In the present study, we synthesized a 5-amino acid peptide REDLK, which mutated the C-terminus of Pseudomonas exotoxin, to identify its effect on the Leishmania tarentolae. Promastigotes were incubated with different concentration of REDLK peptide, and the viability of parasite was assessed using MTT and Trypan blue dye. Morphologic damage of Leishmania was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Cellular apoptosis was observed using the annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit and flow cytometry. Our results showed that Leishmania tarentolae was susceptible to REDLK in a dose-dependent manner, disrupt the surface membrane integrity and caused parasite apoptosis. In our study, we demonstrated the leishmanicidal activity of an antimicrobial peptide REDLK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Leishmania tarentolae in vitro and present a foundation for further research of anti-leishmanial drugs.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 추출물은행에서 분양받은 에탄올 추출물 시료(시료번호: 4)인 선이질풀(Geranium krameri)에 대한 다양한 생리활성을 조사하여 기능성소재 응용가능성을 검토하였다. 선이질풀 추출물은 멜라노마 세포에 대하여 낮은 세포독성을 나타냈다. 세포독성이 거의 없는 농도에서 선이질풀 추출물 처리 시 산화방지 활성($IC_{50}$, $8.72{\mu}g/mL$) 및 B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans에 대한 항균활성이 우수하게 나타났으며 타이로시네이즈 활성저해($IC_{50}$, $456.86{\mu}g/mL$) 및 멜라닌 함량 저하($IC_{50}$, $50.35{\mu}g/mL$)를 보여주었다. 또한, B16F10 세포에서 선이질풀 추출물 농도 의존적으로 타이로시네이즈 발현이 억제되었으며, 이는 선이질풀 추출물이 직접적인 타이로시네이즈 활성저해 및 세포 내 타이로시네이즈 발현을 억제시킴으로서 멜라닌 합성을 저해하는 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과로 미루어볼 때 선이질풀 추출물은 피부미백 소재 등 피부개선 효과를 지닌 기능성 화장품에 활용하기 위한 매우 효과적인 재료가 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.203-214
• /
• 2006

치수는 상아질로 둘러싸인 간엽조직으로 다양한 세포와 기저 물질들로 구성되어 있으며 혈관과 신경조직이 분포되어 있다. 치수의 염증은 조직의 분해를 야기하며 이는 Matrix Metalloproteinase에 의해 세포 외 기질의 분해가 촉진되어 병적인 과정을 거치게 된다. 이에 Lipopolysaccharide에 의한 MMP와 inflammatory cytokine의 유도와 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)에 의한 염증매개 물질의 조절에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 사람의 치수세포를 다양한 LPS농도에 노출시킨 후 24시간째 MMP-2, MMP-9의 변화를 보고 LPS에 의해 자극된 치수세포에서 ICAM-1, VCAM-1, $IL-1{\beta},\;TNF-{\alpha}$의 분비가 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Adenovirus $PPAR{\gamma}\;(Ad/PPAR{\gamma})$와 $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonist인 rosiglitazone를 LPS로 자극된 치수세포에 처리하였을 때 48시간째 MMPs와 Adhesion molecules, cytokines의 감소를 확인하였다. 이로써 사람의 치수세포에서 $PPAR{\gamma}$가 가지는 항 염증효과에 대해 지속적 인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.39.1-39.15
• /
• 2020

Background: There are various Helicobacter species colonizing the stomachs of animals. Although Helicobacter species usually cause asymptomatic infection in the hosts, clinical signs can occur due to gastritis associated with Helicobacter in animals. Among them, Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancers. As the standard therapies used to treat H. pylori have proven insufficient, alternative options are needed to prevent and eradicate the diseases associated with this bacterium. Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD), a traditional herbal formula that is popular in East Asia, has been commonly used for arterial or auricular flutter, neurosis, insomnia, and cardiac malfunction-induced disease. Objectives: The present study investigated the antimicrobial effect of CBD on H. pylori-infected human gastric carcinoma AGS cells and model mice. Methods: AGS cells were infected with H. pylori and treated with a variety of concentrations of CBD or antibiotics. Mice were given 3 oral inoculations with H. pylori and then dosed with CBD (100 or 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks or with standard antibiotics for 1 week. One week after the last treatment, gastric samples were collected and examined by histopathological analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Results: Our results showed that CBD treatment of AGS cells significantly reduced the H. pylori-induced elevations of interleukin-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In the animal model, CBD treatment inhibited the colonization of H. pylori and the levels of malondialdehyde, inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 in gastric tissues. CBD also decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Conclusions: This study suggests that CBD might be a prospective candidate for treating H. pylori-induced gastric injury.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of EMPS (edible mushroom mycelium polysaccharide: Tremella fuciformis) in animal models with colorectal cancer induced by AOM/DSS. The experimental groups consisted of Nor (normal), NC (AOM/DSS), EMPS (EMPS 50, EMPS 100), and PC (Fluorouracil). The NC group had the highest number of colon tumors, whereas it was observed that tumor occurrence was significantly reduced in the EMPS consumption group. The expression of Bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitor, was significantly lower in the EMPS 50 & 100 and PC groups. On the other hand, the mRNA gene expression of Bax, a factor that induces apoptosis, was significantly higher in the EMPS 50 & 100 and PC groups compared to the NC group. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and COX-2 significantly increased in the NC group, but showed a significant decrease in the EMPS and PC groups, indicating inhibition of the cancer-promoting response of cells. At the phylum level of the mice's intestinal microbial composition, the proportion of Bacteroidetes tended to decrease, while the proportion of Firmicutes tended to increase with EMPS administration. This suggests that changes in the gut microbiota caused by inflammation can be influenced by dietary intake.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2014

유근피(Cortex ulmi pumilae)는 항산화, 항염증, 항균, 항암 등 다양한 생리활성이 보고되어 있으며, 뛰어난 소염효과로 예로부터 약재로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 유근피 추출물의 지방세포 분화에 미치는 영향과 그 기전을 검토하였다. 유근피 추출물을 분화유도제와 동시에 처리한 결과, 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 세포질 내 triglyceride 생성을 농도의존적으로 감소시켰으며, 지방세포분화 관련 전사인자인 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$ 및 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 발현을 유의적으로 저하시켰다. 다음으로 유근피 추출물을 지방세포 분화 유도 단계별로 처리한 결과, 분화유도제와 동시에 처리한 경우 즉 분화 초기에 처리한 경우가 가장 효과적인 지방세포 분화 억제효능을 보였으며, 이 때 분화초기에 발현되는 $C/EBP{\beta}$의 발현량은 현저하게 감소되었다. 또한 유근피 추출물에 의해 mitotic clonal expansion 단계의 세포증식이 농도의존적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였으며, 세포주기분석을 통해 G1 arrest를 유발함으로써 증식이 억제 된다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, G1 arrest는 G1/S 전이 관련 단백질인 p21의 발현 증가, cyclin E의 발현 감소 및 Rb의 인산화 감소에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과들로부터 유근피 추출물은 지방세포 분화 초기 단계에 작용하여 지방세포 분화 관련 전사인자의 발현을 억제하고 mitotic clonal expansion을 저해하여, 지방전구세포의 지방세포로의 분화를 억제하는 항비만 효능을 가지는 천연소재임을 확인하였으며, 따라서 본 연구는 향후 이를 활용한 지속적인 연구를 위한 기초자료로 그 가치가 매우 높을 것이라 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.406-415
• /
• 2020

Silver diamine fluoride(SDF)는 우식의 정지를 위해 사용될 수 있는 효과적이고 경제적인 약제로, 협조가 힘든 환자나 의과적인 문제로 치료를 받기 힘든 경우 등에서 사용될 수 있다. 이 연구는 타액 생물막을 이용하여 SDF 의 항미생물효과를 평가하고자 시행되었다. 타액을 이용하여 획득피막 유사 구조를 형성한 후, 타액과 Streptococcus mutans를 첨가하여 우식원성의 타액 생물막을 형성하였다. 타액 생물막에 SDF 를 처리한 결과, 전체 미생물과 S. mutans의 수가 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.000). CLSM에서도 생물막 내 죽은 세포가 증가하였다. 유치 법랑질과 상아질 시편에 SDF를 처리한 후 우식원성의 생물막을 배양한 결과, SDF 를 처리할 경우 생물막 형성이 저해되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p = 0.029). 연구 결과 SDF의 뛰어난 항미생물효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이로 인한 임상에서의 항우식효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.280-284
• /
• 2005

Several biological activities of Rhododendron mucronulatum were investigated. The electron donating abilities of ethanol extracts of Rhododendron mucronulatum were more than 90% at 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase was inhibition about 46% by the ethanol extracts of R. mucronulatum at 500 ppm 48% of tyrosinase activity relating to skin-whitening was shown at 1,000 ppm. Uniquely, the anti-microbial effects of water extract and ethanol extract were shown only on Staphylococcus aureus. The water extract 1 mg/disc showed the higher activity than ethanol extract. The growth inhibition effect of each sample on lung cancer (A549) and melanoma (B16F10) cell lines were over 70% at 1,000 ppm, while the effects on the melanoma (G361) and liver cancer (HepG2) were about 50% at the same concentration.