• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of Kyungheechunggan-tang (KHCGT) on LPS- induced RAW 264.7 cells and LX-2 cells and anti-fibrotic effects of KHCGT on LX-2 cells. Materials and Methods: Three types of KHCGTs (KHCGT-A, -B, and -C) by narrowing down the number of constituent herbs from 9 (KHCGT-A) to 5 (KHCGT-B) and to 3 (KHCGT-C) were developed. To understand pharmacological effects of KHCGT, three types of KHCGTs were treated on RAW 264.7 cells and LX-2 cells. Anti-inflammatory activities of KHCGT were evaluated by ELISA assay for pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and for IL-6 production in LPS-induced LX-2 cells. In addition, anti-fibrotic effects of KHCGT were determined by quantitative real-time PCR assay for fibrosis-related genes, ${\alpha}-SMA$, collagen1A1, TIMP1, MMP-2, in LX-2 cells. Results: KHCGT-A and KHCGT-C showed inhibitory effects on secretion of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LX-2 cells. KHCGT-B and KHCGT-C exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expression levels of collagen1A1 and MMP-2 were significantly reduced by KHCGT-C whereas TIMP-1 was suppressed by KHCGT-A and KHCGT-B in LX-2 cells. Among three different formulas, KHCGT-C demonstrated the most remarkable effects on inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions: In this study, KHCGT showed both anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects which make it to be a prospective agent for chronic liver diseases with inflammation and fibrosis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Objectives : Jema-sunghyangjungkisan (JSGS, Jima Xingxiang Zhengqi san) and yeoldahanso-tang (YDHST, Reduo hanshao decoction) are traditional herbal formulas which commonly used to prevent and treat stroke in traditional korean medicine. However, JSGS and YDHST extracts have not been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, We measured the anti-inflammatory effects of JSGS and YDHST extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of JSGS and YDHST extracts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were examined in RAW 264.7 cells with LPS of $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Results : JSGS and YDHST extracts did not have any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration decreased 49.67% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by JSGS but, YDHST has no statistically significant effect at all concentration. IL-6 accumulation on JSGS and YDHST extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells reduced 22.03% and 41.44% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. In addition, JSGS has no inhibitory effects on NO accumulation and YDHST reduced 10.08% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, JSGS and YDHST treatment does-dependently reduced the $PGE_2$ production. In particular, YDHST ($500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) extract was more effective compared with $10ng/m{\ell}$ of indomethacin which is the $PGE_2$ positive control. Conclusions : Our results suggest that treatment of JSGS and YDHST extracts decreased the LPS-stimulated inflammation. Therefore, in the present study, we demonstrated that JSGS and YDHS may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, may be a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the protective effect of Rg1 on neurodegeneration in AD and its mechanism of action are still incompletely understood. Methods: Wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 AD mice, from 6 to 9 months old, were used in the experiment. The open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to detect behavioral changes. Neuronal damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were used to examine postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, Tau and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression. Results: Rg1 treatment for 12 weeks significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments and neuronal damage and decreased the p-Tau level, amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, and Aβ generation in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, Rg1 treatment significantly decreased the ROS level and NOX2 expression in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions: Rg1 alleviates cognitive impairments, neuronal damage, and reduce Aβ deposition by inhibiting NOX2 activation in APP/PS1 mice.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Objectives : Taraxaci Herba et Radix (THR) is widely used as a food and medicinal herb in Korea. It has been used for treatment of virus inflammatory disease, liver diseases and gastritis. So far, anti-inflammatory effects and constituents of various species in THR has not been studied for comparison. The aim of this study is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of the aerial part and root from various THR. Also, we have compared the contents of its known constituents with each. Methods : In this study, we estimated anti-inflammatory effect and compared their constituent by HPLC. For the determination of anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated NO and $PGE_2$ production by ELISA. The expressions of iNOS was determined by western blotting in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. And, standard compounds which are methyl gallate, gallic acid, syringic acid and esculetin of THR were analyzed by HPLC using a $C_{18}$ column. Results : Methanol extracts of THR decreased NO and $PGE_2$ production. The expressions of iNOS protein were also decreased in methanol extracts of THR. As a result, HPLC analysis showed that they showed similar patterns. Methyl gallate and esculetin showed the highest content. Methyl gallate was included over 10% content in each aerial part and root of THR. Conclusions : These results indicate that most of THR distributed in Korea might represent therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2020

우리는 한국생명공학연구원에서 제공한 소재를 탐색 후 ACE를 선별하였고 이 소재의 항염증 효능을 평가하였다. ACE는 세포독성이 없는 농도에서 LPS에 의한 iNOS의 발현과 NO의 생성을 유의적으로 억제하였다. ACE는 LPS에 의해 증가한 IKK, IκB, p65의 인산화와 IL-1β의 생성을 유의적으로 억제하였다. 이 논문은 ACE가 NO/iNOS 발현 및 NF-κB 신호 전달 경로의 억제를 통해 항염증 효능을 나타냄을 밝힌 최초의 논문으로서 의의를 가진다. 또한 이 결과를 바탕으로 ACE는 항염증 기능성식품 또는 의약품소재로써 활용가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

In the present study, the halophyte C. falcatum extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water) were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidative ability was measured by DPPH radical, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). For DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and FRAP, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions showed significant scavenging activity. For production of intracellular ROS in HT-1080 cells, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the highest scavenging activity. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by measuring the inhibitory effect against mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. For NO production, crude extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. For mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2), n-BuOH greatly suppressed expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 100 ㎍/ml concentration while 85% aq. MeOH fraction significantly inhibited that of COX-2 even at 100 ㎍/ml. These results suggest that C. falcatum may be used as a potential source for the development of a natural antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agent.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2002

In the age of puberty or 20-30th young people who are sensitive to outward appearance, acne is serious problem at beauty and has social and psychological influence on that people. So this experiment is carried out for test whether the addition temperament drugs of Yungyopaedock-san(YP) have an anti-inflammatory effect and have suppression effect on immunocyte in the state of inflammation which induced by acne. The results was as follows. 1. YP has suppress inflammatory reaction induced by carageenan. 2. YP has suppress increasing activation of abdominal cavity macrophage in the carageen and zymosan induced inflammation. 3. YP has suppress increasing activation of spleen cell in the carageenan and zymosan induced inflammation. Based on the above result, YP was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through the suppression of spleen cell and macrophage activation. So we concluded that YP is prospected as a anti-inflammatory agent to cure inflammation induced by ance.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

Objective : Lithospermum Erythrorhizon (LE) has been used as an anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, it is unclear that LE aqueous extract could show the anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from LE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced inflammatory response. Methods : To measure out the cytotoxicity of LE, we performed the MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of LE, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin, (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and (IL)-6) on RAW 264.7 cells. We also examined molecular mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation by western blot. Results : Aqueous Extract from LE itself did not have any cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. Aqueous extract from LE inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators such as NO, $PGE_2$, and pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in RAW 264.7cells. In addition, LE inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 kinases (p38), c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK), and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion : LE down-regulated LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of p38, JNK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Taken together, these results could provide the evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of LE. Therefore, LE may be a novel target in the management of inflammation and help to support a potential strategy for prevention and therapy of inflammatory diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1647-1655
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• 2005

Gamimahaenggamsuk-tang (GMHGST) is used for treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, regulatory activity of GMHGST on RA-mediated inflammatory responses was investigated in cultured human fiDroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), Levels of mRNAs encoding for inflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 and NOS-II enzyme, which had been induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ cotreatment, were decreased to the similar levels as those in cells treated with anti-inflammatory agent MTX. mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as well as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) were also downregulated by increasing doses of GMHGST in activated FLS. Moreover, GMHGST appeared to protect cells by decreasing NO levels, and inhibited cell proliferation which had been induced by inflammatory stimulation by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1. These results suggest that GMHGST is effective as an inhibitory agent for regulating inflammatory responses in activated FLS.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2021

Hibiscus hamabo is a deciduous shrub that grows around salt marshes and is considered a semi-mangrove plant found in Asia. There are no studies on the biological activity of H. hamabo except for studies on the anthocyanin content. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of H. hamabo extract (HHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) induced by LPS moves into the nucleus, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines are promoted and the inflammatory reaction begins. The nitric oxide (NO) production decreased by the treatment of HHE. Moreover, mRNA levels of inflammation-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were significantly suppressed by HHE. Similarly, the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, was suppressed by HHE. As a result, HHE can be used as an effective natural material for the anti-inflammatory agent.