• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2013

고구마뿌리에 비하여 많은 양이 폐기되는 고구마 줄기와 잎의 이용을 활성화시키고 기능성식품 소재로의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 잎이 달려 있는 보라색 고구마줄기를 재래시장에서 구입하여 고구마잎(SL), 고구마줄기(ST), 껍질 제거한 고구마줄기(PST)의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고, in vitro 시스템에서의 항산화효과, 항알레르기 및 항염증효과를 검색하고자 하였다. 고구마잎은 데치고, 고구마줄기는 생으로 동결건조한 후 에탄올 추출물을 얻어 실험하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 SL(11.03 mg tannic acid/g)> ST(0.87 mg tannic acid/g)> PST(0.37 mg tannic acid/g)이었고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 SL(9.01 mg rutin/g)> ST(0.50 mg rutin/g)> PST(0.25 mg rutin/g)이었다(p<0.001). DPPH 라디칼을 50% 제거시키는 에탄올 추출물의 농도($IC_{50}$)는 SL($43.6{\mu}g/mL$)< ST($308.4{\mu}g/mL$)$1,631.3{\mu}g/mL$)로 고구마잎이 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 양성대조시약으로 사용한 BHA의 $IC_{50}$값은 $8.30{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, 처리 농도 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서의 환원력은 SL($59.72{\mu}g$ ascorbic acid eq./mL)> ST($12.56{\mu}g$ ascorbic acid eq./mL)> PST($2.18{\mu}g$ ascorbic acid eq./mL)로 고구마잎이 가장 좋았다(p<0.001). 한편 염증반응에 관여하는 xanthine oxidase(XO) 활성저해율을 측정한 결과 처리 농도 $250{\mu}g/mL$에서 SL(13.06%)> ST(5.05%)> PST(0.0%)로 고구마잎이 줄기에 비하여 우수하였으며(p<0.01), 처리 농도 $50{\mu}g/mL$에서의 5-lipoxygenase(LOX) 활성저해율은 SL(91.16%)> ST(33.38%)> PST(14.93%)로(p<0.001) 고구마잎의 효과는 양성대조시약인 EGCG의 저해율(94.42%)과 비슷한 정도로 매우 우수하였다. 또한 $250{\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 처리 시 cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 활성저해율은 SL(55.34%)> ST(2.18%)> PST(0.0%)로 XO 활성저해율과 비슷한 패턴을 보였다(p<0.001). 측정변수들 간의 상관관계를 분석해 본 결과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 플라보노이드 함량($r^2$=0.9988, p<0.001), 환원력($r^2$=0.9982, p<0.001), XO 활성저해율($r^2$=0.8322, p<0.05), COX-2 활성저해율($r^2$=0.9950, p<0.001), 5-LOX 활성저해율과 양의 상관관계($r^2$=0.9823, p<0.001)를 나타내었으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 환원력($r^2$=0.9946, p<0.001), XO 활성저해율($r^2$=0.8392, p<0.05), 5-LOX 활성저해율($r^2$=0.9749, p<0.01), COX-2 활성저해율과 유의한 양의 상관관계($r^2$=0.9937, p<0.001)를 보였다. 또한, 환원력은 XO 활성 저해율($r^2$=0.8384, p<0.05), 5-LOX 활성저해율($r^2$=0.9883, p<0.001) 및 COX-2 활성저해율과 유의한 양의 상관관계($r^2$=0.9954, p<0.001)를 나타내었으며, XO 활성저해율은 5-LOX 활성저해율과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으나($r^2$=0.8786, p<0.05) COX-2 활성저해율과는 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 5-LOX 활성저해율은 COX-2 활성저해율과 유의한 양의 상관관계($r^2$=0.9815, p<0.01)를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들로부터 고구마잎은 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 매우 높았고 우수한 항산화효과를 보였으며, 알레르기 및 염증반응과 관련이 있는 효소인 XO, 5-LOX 및 COX-2의 활성도 모두 억제하는 효과도 우수하였지만 특히 5-LOX 활성 억제효과는 EGCG와 비슷한 정도로 매우 우수하였다. 따라서 건강을 위하여 고구마잎의 섭취를 증대시킬 수 있는 다양한 방안을 강구할 필요가 있으며, 고구마 줄기를 섭취할 경우에는 가능한 껍질을 모두 섭취하는 것이 좋겠다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5513-5518
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• 2013

IFN-${\gamma}$ plays an indirect anti-cancer role through the immune system but may have direct negative effects on cancer cells. It regulates the viability of gastric cancer cells, so we examined whether it affects their proliferation and how that might be brought about. We exposed AGS, HGC-27 and GES-1 gastric cancer cell lines to IFN-${\gamma}$ and found significantly reduced colony formation ability. Flow cytometry revealed no effect of IFN-${\gamma}$ on apoptosis of cell lines and no effect on cell aging as assessed by ${\beta}$-gal staining. Microarray assay revealed that IFN-${\gamma}$ changed the mRNA expression of genes related to the cell cycle and cell proliferation and migration, as well as chemokines and chemokine receptors, and immunity-related genes. Finally, flow cytometry revealed that IFN-${\gamma}$ arrested the cells in the G1/S phase. IFN-${\gamma}$ may slow proliferation of some gastric cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle to play a negative role in the development of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.885-894
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• 2000

Deer antler has been widely prescribed in Chinese and Korean pharmacology. Although there have been several reports concerning the effects of deer antler, such as anti-aging action, anti-inflammatory activity, antifungal action and regulatory activity of the level of glucose, the effect on bone has not determined yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deer antler on osteoblast differentiation. Hexane extract(CN-H) and chloroform extract(CN-C) were acquired from deer antler(Cervus nippon) and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of each extract. Osteoblast differentiation was estimated with the formation of mineralized nodules and the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), osteocalcin(OC) and bone sialoprotein(BSP) which are markers of osteoblast differentiation. Non-treated group did not show mineralized nodule. CN-C or CN-H-treated group showed minerlaized nodules in 16 days. In northern blot analysis, CN-C or CN-H-treated group showed the elevated expression of ALP, BSP and OC in 16 days. These results suggest the possibility to develop deer antler as a bone regenerative agent in periodontal therapy by showing the stimulating activity of deer antler on differentiation of osteoblast.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2020

Background: The leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly called perilla and used for food in Korea, contain components with a variety of biological effects and potential therapeutic applications. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of 70% ethanol extracted Perilla frutescens (EEPF) and determine its inhibitory effects on oral microbial activity and production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages, consequently, to confirm the possibility of using EEPF as a functional component for improving the oral environment and preventing inflammation. Methods: One kg of P. frutescens leaves was extracted with 70% ethanol and dried at -70℃. EEPF was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms was revealed using the disk diffusion test. Cell viability was elucidated using a methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, and the effect of EEPF on LPS-induced morphological variation was confirmed through microscopic observation. The effect of EEPF on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2 was confirmed by the NO assay and PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The main component of EEPF was rosemarinic acid, and EEPF showed weak anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects against microorganisms living in the oral cavity. EEPF did not show toxicity to Raw264.7 macrophages and had inhibitory effects on the morphological variations and production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: EEPF can be used as a functional material for improving the oral environment through the control of oral microorganisms and for modulating inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Objective : This study was designed to investigate effect of immature fruits from Citrus unshiu Markovich to mature them on antioxidative and antiaging-related enzyme activities in vitro. Methods : Fruits from Open field-cultivated C. unshiu Markovich (ripe and unripe fruits of Citri) made a purchase in Jeju island. We measured total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in mature C. unshiu Markovich (MC) and immature C. unshiu Markovich (IMC) 70% ethanol extract. DPPH free radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in both extracts were determined. Also, reducing power, SOD-like activities, elastase inhibition, and collagenase inhibition activities of these extract were assayed at 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/㎖. Results : The total polyphenol contents in the ethanol extract of IMC were higher than those of MC (26.99 ± 0.89 mg/TAEg). And total flavonoid contents in them were very similar to both extract (MC; 7.25 ± 0.4 mg/RUEg and IMC; 7.44 ± 0.18 mg/RUEg). DPPH free radical scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and SOD-like activities of IMC-treated group showed significant increase compared to those of MC group in all treated concentrations. Particularly, DPPH free radical scavenging and elastase inhibition activities in IMC-treated group at 5 mg/㎖ showed similar with positive control group. Besides, IMC extract at 5 mg/㎖ concentration surpassed positive control (BHA or Vit. C) in SOD-like activities and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Conclusion : These results suggest that IMC ethanol extract may be used as a natural antioxidant and a antiaging material for development of functional foods and cosmeceuticals.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the prophylactic anti-glaucoma effect of topical 5% betaxolol (BTX) and 2% dorzolamide (DRZ) on the second eye in dogs with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Medical records of 60 dogs with unilateral PACG who received prophylactic anti-glaucoma eyedrops in the second eye, from 2016 to 2021, were reviewed. The prophylactic effects of BTX were maintained on 28/60 (46.7%) eyes until last visit and BTX failure was observed on median 510 (range, 53-1,927) days in 32/60 (53.3%) eyes. After DRZ instillation in BTX failure eyes, the prophylactic effects were extended at median 610 (range, 157-2,270) days in 21/32 (65.6%) eyes. DRZ failure eyes (17/21, 81.0%) eyes required chemical ablation or surgical intervention due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure. The duration of prophylactic effects was decreased with aging (R² = 0.334, p = 0.006). The predominant breeds were Shih-Tzu (41.9%) and American Cocker Spaniel (30.6%) with no significant differences in survival curves (p = 0.210). The average prophylactic effects of BTX persisted more than 1.5 year and could be selected the first prophylactic eye drop in unilateral PACG. Also, early surgical intervention should be considered in prophylactic medications failure cases.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2013

건천마와 발효천마의 추출물을 이용하여 항노화 활성과 신경성장인자 유도효과를 비교하였다. 항산화 활성을 비교하여 측정한 결과 모든 추출물에서 비교적 높은 항산화력을 나타내었으며, 발효하지 않은 건천마 추출물보다 발효과정을 거친 발효천마 추출물에서 다소 높은 항산화력을 나타내었다. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)와 xanthine oxidase(XOase) 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 DW 추출에서 DPPH가 건천마 $64.14{\pm}0.89%$, 발효천마 $66.21{\pm}1.03%$으로 나타났고, ABTS가 건천마 $54.15{\pm}1.37%$, 발효천마 $60.24{\pm}2.25%$로 나타났다. 70% EtOH추출에서도 유사한 결과를 보여 발효천마 추출물이 ACE에 대해 높은 저해활성을 나타내었으나, XOase에 대하여 발효 및 건천마 추출물의 차이는 크지 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 nerve growth factor (NGF) 활성 측정 결과 모든 추출물에서 40%의 신경돌기 성장효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 건천마와 발효천마의 추출물을 상대로 천마의 항노화 활성과 신경성장인자 유도효과에 대한 기능성을 탐색한 결과 발효천마가 건천마보다 우수한 생리기능성을 가지는 것을 알 수 있어, 발효과정을 통하면 천마의 활용도를 높일 수 있다는 것을 증명할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.223-251
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• 2017

Objectives : A lot of experiment results of Yugmijihwangtang(YM) are reported in various kinds of journals. Many of them report on the new effects that are not recorded in the traditional medical texts. So it is necessary to take it into consideration that newly reported effects could be of help to clinical practice, because this process of comparison of Donguibogam and scientific experiment results will have basis to lead into the evidence based medicine. Methods : We compared the effects of in Donguibogam and the experiment results of YM. Results : The effects of YM in Donguibogam are to replenish essence and marrow, and to treat red wen, fatigue, treat hypouresis, urinary sediment, urinary urgency, hematuria, hydrocephalus, speech and movement retardation, yin-deficiency, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver, melanoma, disability to see near and far sight, tinnitus, hearing loss, alopecia, angiogenesis, cough, cough at night, trachyphonia, and, infantile convulsion. The experiment results of YM since 2000 in both Korea and China are to inhibit atopic dermatitis, renal interstitial fibrosis, anti-oxidant, emphysema, stress, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, hemorrhage, plantar sweating, dermal aging, kidney aging, bone loss, breast cancer, pathological myocardial cell, primary liver cancer, thrombosis, osteoporosis, intrauterine growth retardation, chronic renal failure, IgA nepropathy, slow cerebral development, and hippocampal tissue lesions on the one hand, and to help bone formation, renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system, cerebral recovery, cognitive function and expression, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, learning and memory, cold-tolerance and oxygen deficit-tolerance and anti-fatigue, endometrial formation, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, immune regulation effect, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis, and spermatogenesis, on the other hand. Conclusion : When we compared the effects of YM with the experiment results of YM, there existed a considerable gap between them. So, from now on, it is expected that a great effort and consideration are needed to solve these gaps from an academic and clinical point of view.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1700-1704
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 대황 추출물에 의한 항산화 효과, MMP-1 활성 저해효과 및 자외선이 조사된 사람 피부 섬유아세포에서 MMP-1 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 대황 추출물의 DPPH radicals과 초산소 음이온 라디칼 소거효과는 농도 의존적인 경향을 나타내었으며, DPPH와 초산소 음이온 라디칼을 각각 20 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 72%와 80% 정도 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 자외선이 조사된 사람 피부 섬유아세포에서 MMP-1의 발현 저해효과 측정에서 대황 추출물은 1 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 약 79.5%로 매우 우수한 합성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 또한 대황 추출물의 MMP-1 활성 저해효과는 20 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 약 70%의 우수한 활성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 대황 추출물은 항산화 효과 및 MMP-1 활성 저해효과와 자외선에 의한 MMP-1의 발현을 효과적으로 저해하는 것으로 보아 우수한 항노화 소재로써 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.58-71
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• 2008

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging effect of oral administration with Nocyongdaebo-tang (NYD) decoction in aged rats. 2. Methods The SD rats used in this experiment were 6, 18 and 36 weeks old. A part of the 36weeks was grown to 52 and 68 weeks at labarotary. Each age group was again divided into three groups. These 15 groups consisted of 6 rats each. One group was given no treatment, another group was dosed 200 ${\mu}l$ of normal saline daily, and the last group was dosed 200 ${\mu}l$ of 1% Nocyongdaebo-tang(NYD) and saline mixture. At the conclusion of the experiment, the age groups were relabelled accordingly(10w, 22w, 40w, 52w and 68w). After 4 weeks, the tissue of liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and brain was biopsied in order to measure the SOD, GSH, MDA. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The levels of GSH in the liver were significantly increased in the w-NYD(n=40) and w-NYD(n=68) groups compared with those of the normal groups. The activity of catalase in the liver was also much higher in the w-NYD (n=68) group compared with that of the saline groups. However, the levels of MDA in the liver were significantly decreased in the w-NYD(n=68) group compared with those of the normal and saline groups. (2) The levels of GSH in the spleen were significantly increased in the w-NYD(n=52) and w-NYD(n=68) groups compared with those of the normal and saline groups. (3) The levels of GSH in the lung were significantly increased in the w-NYD(n=40) and w-NYD(n=52) groups compared with those of the normal groups. (4) The levels of GSH in the kidney were higher in the w-NYD(n=40) compared with those of the normal groups and those were also higher in the w-NYD(n=52) groups compared with those of the saline groups, respectively. (5) The levels of GSH in the brain were higher in the w-NYD(n=40) compared with those of the normal groups and those were also higher in the w-NYD(n=52) groups compared with those of the normal and saline groups. (6) Degenerative changes of the brain were decreased in the w-NYD(n=68) group compared with those of the normal and saline groups. These results suggest that oral administration of Nocyongdaebo-tang decoction might have an important role to prevent age-related changes of various organs in aged rats.