• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2002

As extraction solvent, ethanol fraction was revealed the highest anti-microbial activities. The butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were also revealed anti-microbial activities with less extent compared to ethanol fraction. All fractions exhibited to inhibition of bacterial growth regardless gram positive and negative, yeast and fungi, however, was not exhibited effectively to their growth. In the inhibition activities against E. coli, the complete inhibition concentration of Yecheon propolis were at 0.40mg/ml, respectively. Complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol was revealed at 0.25mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against P. aeruginosa, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis wat at 0.20mg/ml. Yecheon propolis was reveraled the inhibition at 0.20mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against S. typhimurium, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis was at 0.20 and 0.25mg/ml and Yecheon was 0.40mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extraction fraction of Yecheon propolis to P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium were > 0.2, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.4∼>0.5mg/ml, and of Youngwol propolis to P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. subtlis and C. utilis were 0.15, 0.25, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4mg/ml, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value $L^*$, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the $b^*$ value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 mg/100 mL), Mg (0.94 mg/100 mL), P (0.88 mg/100 mL), Ca (0.16 mg/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 mg/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 mg/100 mL), EGC (9.30 mg/100 mL), ECG (9.02 mg/100 mL), GCG (8.50 mg/100 mL), GC (7.61 mg/100 mL) and CG (5.63 mg/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 mg/l00 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.651-661
• /
• 2021

Eruca sativa, called arugula, is a perennial plant in the Brassicaceae family, an edible plant commonly used in Italian cuisine. To study as a cosmetic material application E. sativa was extracted with 70% ethanol (ES). Then ES was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water (EHex, EEA, ECHCl₃, EBuOH and EDW). EEA showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. ES, EEA and EBuOH showed inhibition of tyrosinase activity. As a result, ES is expected to have skin whitening efficacy. ES was applied to 0.05, 0.1% the toner and emulsion formulation to test the stability. The anti-microbial activity of eight bacteria and fungi including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes which cause dermatitis and acne was evaluated. EEA showed effects in all of microorganisms. The toner and emulsion containing ES with 0.05, 0.1% were passed in the challenge test. At -20, 4, 25, 55 ℃ and daylight, there was no significant change on pH, viscosity for 4 months. However, emulsions had phase separation phenomenon at 55 ℃, so the base formulation needs improvement. In addition, through the skin penetration test, EEA penetrated 0.058% in 6 hr, predicting the clinical efficacy. This means that E. sativa can contribute whitening agent and the synergistic effect of preservatives.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.251-263
• /
• 2020

Flagellin, a major structural protein of the flagellum found in all motile bacteria, activates the TLR5- or NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent signaling pathway to induce innate immune responses. Flagellin can also serve as a specific antigen for the adaptive immune system and stimulate anti-flagellin antibody responses. Failure to recognize commensal-derived flagellin in TLR5-deficient mice leads to the reduction in anti-flagellin IgA antibodies at steady state and causes microbial dysbiosis and mucosal barrier breach by flagellated bacteria to promote chronic intestinal inflammation. Despite the important role of anti-flagellin antibodies in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, regulatory mechanisms underlying the flagellin-specific antibody responses are not well understood. In this study, we show that flagellin induces interferon-β (IFN-β) production and subsequently activates type I IFN receptor signaling in a TLR5- and MyD88-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Internalization of TLR5 from the plasma membrane to the acidic environment of endolysosomes was required for the production of IFN-β, but not for other pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we found that anti-flagellin IgG2c and IgA responses were severely impaired in interferon-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-deficient mice, suggesting that IFN-β produced by the flagellin stimulation regulates anti-flagellin antibody class switching. Our findings shed a new light on the regulation of flagellin-mediated immune activation and may help find new strategies to promote the intestinal health and develop mucosal vaccines.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 2016

This study tested the antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects of an extract of Orostachys japonicus, a herb used as a folk remedy for cancer for a long time. To assess the antioxidant activities of the Orostachys japonicus extract (OJE), the total polyphenol content was confirmed to have a high caffeic acid equivalent weight of 12 g by dry weight of 100g OJE and the total flavonoid content was confirmed that the quercetin equivalent of 1.7 g by dry weight of 100g OJE. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was confirmed a high scavenging activity of 79.7% at a concentration of 1%. To confirm the anti-aging effect of OJE, MMP-1 expression was decreased in $25{\mu}L/mL$ and $50{\mu}L/mL$ similar to control. In a clinical experiment, a group of subjects who used a cosmetic product containing OJE showed a significant increase in the amount of skin moisture from the forehead, left cheek, and chin. The experimental group showed a significant increase in the amount of skin sebum from the chin and maintaining pH balance of normal skin, As a result, the OJE demonstrates the efficacy of natural cosmetic material as antioxidant and anti-aging.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.11
• /
• pp.1640-1650
• /
• 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Many studies have analyzed compositions of gut microbiota associated with various diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. One of the most representative bacteria involved in CRC is enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a species belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes. We used ETBF colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and zerumbone, a compound with anti-bacterial effect, to determine whether zerumbone could restore intestinal microbiota composition. Four experimental groups of mice were used: sham, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group zerumbone 60 mg kg-1 (ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60)), and only zerumbone (60 mg kg^-1)-treated group. We performed reversible dye terminators-based analysis of 16S rRNA gene region V3-V4 for group comparison. Microbiota compositions of ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group and ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group not given zerumbone were significantly different. There were more Bacteroides in ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group than those in ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, suggesting that B. fragilis could be a normal flora activated by zerumbone. In addition, based on linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) analysis, microbial diversity decreased significantly in the ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group. However, after given zerumbone, the taxonomic relative abundance was increased. These findings suggest that zerumbone not only influenced the microbial diversity and richness, but also could be helpful for enhancing the balance of gut microbial composition. In this work, we demonstrate that zerumbone could restore the composition of intestinal microbiota.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.220-222
• /
• 2003

Two new abietane diterpenes with rearranged skeleton; aegyptinol and aegyptinone C; have been isolated and identified for the first time from the anti-microbial petroleum ether extract of the roots of Salvia aegyptiaca L. Their chemical structures have been elucidated by interpretation of the detailed 1D-and 2D-NMR spectra, as well as other spectroscopic tools. In addition, full assignment of $^{13}C-NMR$ of aegyptinone B was also conducted for the first time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.180-181
• /
• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.209-210
• /
• 2003

The durability and anti-microbial stability of plastics, which have been thought to be favorable characteristics, cause ecoloical problems due to non-degradation after disposal. For a possible solution of these ecological and environmental problems, the biodegradable polymers. especially aliphatic polyesters, have been widely investigated. Poly(tetramethylene succinate)(PTMS) is one of the most promising biodegradable polyesters. (omitted)

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.195-195
• /
• 2021