• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2405-2425
• /
• 2014

Radiation exposure leads to several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby affecting the survival of organisms. This review explores the radiation countermeasure properties of fourteen (14) plant extracts or plant-derived compounds against these cellular manifestations. It was aimed at evaluating the possible role of plants or its constituents in radiation countermeasure strategy. All the 14 plant extracts or compounds derived from it and considered in this review have shown some radioprotection in different in vivo, ex-vivo and or in vitro models of radiological injury. However, few have demonstrated advantages over the others. C. majus possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects appears to be promising in radioprotection. Its crude extracts as well as various alkaloids and flavonoids derived from it, have shown to enhance survival rate in irradiated mice. Similarly, curcumin with its antioxidant and the ability to ameliorate late effect of radiation exposure, combined with improvement in survival in experimental animal following irradiation, makes it another probable candidate against radiological injury. Furthermore, the extracts of P. hexandrum and P. kurroa in combine treatment regime, M. piperita, E. officinalis, A. sinensis, nutmeg, genistein and ginsan warrants further studies on their radioprotective potentials. However, one that has received a lot of attention is the dietary flaxseed. The scavenging ability against radiation-induced free radicals, prevention of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation, reduction in radiation cachexia, level of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis, are some of the remarkable characteristics of flaxseed in animal models of radiation injury. While countering the harmful effects of radiation exposure, it has shown its ability to enhance survival rate in experimental animals. Further, flaxseed has been tested and found to be equally effective when administered before or after irradiation, and against low doses (${\leq}5Gy$) to the whole body or high doses (12-13.5 Gy) to the whole thorax. This is particularly relevant since apart from the possibility of using it in pre-conditioning regime in radiotherapy, it could also be used during nuclear plant leakage/accidents and radiological terrorism, which are not pre-determined scenarios. However, considering the infancy of the field of plant-based radioprotectors, all the above-mentioned plant extracts/plant-derived compounds deserves further stringent study in different models of radiation injury.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2012

Guinea pigs were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.25 g/100 g cholesterol) and randomly allocated either to a Control group (n = 9) or to a Lutein (0.1 g/100 g) group (n = 10) for 12 weeks to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammation in both liver and eyes. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and inflammatory cytokines were measured as well as hepatic nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) binding. Lutein concentrations were greater in eyes ($P$ < 0.01) and liver ($P$ < 0.001) in the Lutein group. All guinea pigs had high concentrations of hepatic cholesterol as well as high plasma ALT and AST levels indicative of liver injury. However, the Lutein group had 43% lower hepatic free cholesterol than the Controls ($P$ < 0.05). Hepatic MDA and MDA in the eye were lower in the Lutein compared to the Control group ($P$ < 0.05). Hepatic tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was 32% lower in the Lutein group ($P$ < 0.05). Lastly, the Lutein group presented lower NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA binding activity than the Control group ($P$ < 0.001). These results suggest that in the presence of high cholesterol, lutein exerts both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can be explained by attenuated NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA binding activity. Furthermore, results also suggest that lutein accumulates in the eyes of guinea pigs to protect against oxidative stress.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2012

숙성된 인삼은 인간의 건강을 회복시키고 향상시키는 강장제로서 알려져 있으며, 백삼보다 더 많은 약리적인 활성을 가진다고 알려져 왔다. 전이 가능한 종양, 림프구 증식과 쥐간의 지질과산화에 대한 숙성된 인삼의 효과도 연구되었다. 본 연구는 3가지 인삼 추출물의 항산화와 항노화 효과를 평가하기 위해서 실험하게 되었다. 시장에서 이미 만들어진 홍삼엑기스를 사용하였고, 그 외 수삼, 건삼을 구매하여 홍삼제조기로 만들어진 추출물로 실험에 사용하였다. 숙성된 인삼의 3가지 추출물들은 superoxide radical 소거 활성, hydroxyl radical 소거 활성, 리놀산 자동산화 억제, 섬유아세포에서 collagenase 억제와 collagen 합성의 효과를 연구했다. 숙성시켜 만든 수삼은 100 ug/mL의 농도에서 가장 높은 superoxide radical 소거 활성뿐만 아니라 vitamin C보다 더 높은 hydroxyl radical 소거 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 리놀산 자동산화 억제, collagen 합성과 collagenase 억제에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.404-410
• /
• 2017

Benzylideneacetophenone derivative (1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hept-1-en-3-one (JC3) elicited cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells-radiation resistant cells (MDA-MB 231-RR), in a dose-dependent manner, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $6{\mu}M$ JC3. JC3-mediated apoptosis was confirmed by increase in sub-G1 cell population. JC3 disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 protein, whereas it increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein, leading to the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, JC3 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, and specific inhibitors of these kinases abrogated the JC3-induced increase in apoptotic bodies. JC3 increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced oxidative macromolecular damage via lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA strand breakage. Considering these findings, JC3 is an effective therapy against radiation-resistant human breast cancer cells.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1994

솔잎으로부터 프리 라디칼 소거 작용이 있는 물질을 분리하고, 여러 기기 분석 결과에 근거하여 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone (HMF) 으로 동정하였다. 이 물질이 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 프리 라디칼에 대한 소거 작용이 공지의 항산화 물질인 a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid와 유사하였다. HMF는 흰쥐 간 microsome분획에서 Fe(II)/ascorbate에 의해 유도된 지질 과산화를 억제하였으며, 배양 fibroblast 세포에서 자외선에 대한 보호효과를 나타내었다. 이 물질은 또한 tyrosine의 효소적 산화와 Dopa의 자동 산화를 억제하였을 뿐만 아니라 배양 murine melanoma 세포에서도 강력한 멜라닌 생성 억제 작용을 보였다. 피부 세포에서의 멜라닌 생성이 산화적 스트레스에 의해 유발되고 또 효소, 비효소적인 산화 반응을 통해 진행된다고 볼 때, HMF는 이러한 각 단계에서 항산화제로 작용하여 궁극적으로 세포에서의 멜라닌 생성을 막는 것으로 추론되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2016

Taxol (paclitaxel) is a powerful anti-cancer drug widely used against several types of malignant tumors. Because Taxol may exert several side effects, a variety of formulations have been developed. One of these features liposomes, regarded as one of the most promising drug carriers, biocompatible and best able to reduce drug toxicity without changing efficacy against tumor cells. Eruca sativa seed extract (SE) is considered a promising natural product from cruciferous vegetables against breast cancer, increasing chemotherapeutic and eliminating harmful side effects. The effects of Taxol-encapsulated liposomes (T) alone and in combination between Eruca sativa seed extract on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels were investigated in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(${\alpha}$) anthracene (DMBA) using qRT-PCR. The results showed that DMBA increased NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and lipid peroxidation (LP), while decreasing glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant concentration (TAC) compared to the control group. T and T-SE treatment reduced NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and LP. Hence, T and T-SE treatment appeared to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation, while increasing apoptosis, GST and SOD activities and TAC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.915-921
• /
• 2015

Context: In the last half century, discovering, developing and introducing of clinical agents from marine sources have seen great successes, with examples including the anti-cancer compound trabectedin. However, with increasing need for new anticancer drugs, further exploration for novel compounds from marine organism sources is strongly justified. Objective: The major aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of Sargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh (Sargassaceae) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: An ethanol extract of S. tenerrimum (EEST) from whole algae was used to evaluate cytotoxicity followed by in vivo assessment of toxicity, using biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes. Antioxidant properties were examined in animals bearing EAC treated with daily oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg extract suspension. Results: Antitumor effects of EEST in EAC bearing mice was observed with LD50 1815 mg/kg. Parameters like body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, tumor cell count, mean survival time and increase in life span in animals in the EAC bearing animals treated with EEST 300 mg/kg was comparable with control group. Significant differences were also seen with changes in total protein content, hepatic enzymes contents, MDA level, and free radical scavenging enzymes in untreated vs. EEST treated group animals. Conclusions: Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic enzymes in the EAC animal model treated with EEST exhibited similar effects as the positive control drug 5-flurouracil. S. tenerrimum extracts contain effective antioxidants with significant antitumor activity.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2020

Objectives : We observed the possibilities that blue honeysuckle has favorable analgesic or refinement effects on the Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in rats. Methods : Estradiol benzoate and oxytocin were used to induce the PD rat model. And Blue honeysuckle concentration lyophilized powders (BH) 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Lonicerae Flos aqueous extract lyophilized powders (LF) were orally administered, once a day for 10 days at 30 min after each estradiol benzoate treatment. Then the changes on the body weights and gains during experimental periods, abdominal writhing response for analgesic activities, uterine weights, uterus lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system - glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, NF-κB and COX-2 mRNA expressions were monitored with uterus histopathology including immunohistochemistry for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).. Results : Inflammatory and oxidative stress mediated PD signs were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by 10 days continuous oral administration of three different dosages of BH - 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg as comparable to those of indomethacin(IND) 5 mg/kg treated rats in BH 500 mg/kg administered PD rats, and similar to those of LF 500 mg/kg in BH 125 mg/kg, at least in a condition of the present PD rat model. Conclusions : The results suggest that BH has favorable analgesic and refinement activities on the estradiol benzoate and oxytocin treatment-induced PD signs through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potentials.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2008

Acetaminophen (N-acety1-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Intake of a over dose of acetaminophen may result in severe hepatic necrosis. In this study, we investigated the liver damage in mice using single dose (300 mg/kg) of acetaminophen and the possible protective effects of administration (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of SB-Ex on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were determined in the plasma of mice. The effect of SB-Ex on lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and some antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase (${\sigma}$-ALA-D) activities, and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated in the mouse liver homogenate. Acetaminophen caused liver damage as evident by statistically significant increased in plasma activities of AST and ALT. There were general statistically significant losses in the activities of SOD, catalase, ${\sigma}$-ALA-D, and GPx and an increase in TBARS in the liver of acetaminophen-treated group compared with the control group. However, SB-Ex was able to counteract these effects. These results suggest that SB-Ex can act as hepatoprotectives against acetaminophen toxicity and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제60권5호
• /
• pp.8.1-8.9
• /
• 2018

Background: Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming has caused emergence of new pathogenic strains. The situation has warrented the development of safe and alternative growth promoters and immunity enhancers in livestock. Herbal additives in animal and bird feed is a centuries-old practice. Thus, the present study investigated the efficacy of a standardized formulation of lipophilic turmeric extract containing curcumin and turmerones, (TF-36), as a natural growth promoter poultry feed additive. Methods: The study was designed on 180 one-day old chicks, assigned into three groups. Control group ($T_0$) kept on basal diet and supplemented groups $T_{0.5}$ and $T_1$ fed with 0.5% and 1% TF-36 fortified basal diet for 42 days. Each dietary group consisted of six replicates of ten birds. Body weight, food intake, food conversion ratio, skin colour, blood biochemical analysis and antioxidant status of serum were investigated. Results: Body weight improved significantly in $T_1$ with a 10% decrease in FCR as compared to the control. TF-36 supplementation in $T_1$ enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly (p < 0.05) with a decrease (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation. It also caused a slight yellow skin pigmentation without any change in meat color, indicating the bioavailability of curcumin from TF-36. However, no significant change in the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein and liver enzyme activities were observed, indicating the safety. Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that TF-36 can be a natural feed additive to improve growth performance in poultry, probably due to the better antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects contributed by the better bioavailability of curcuminoids and turmerones. Besides, curcuminoids and turmerones were also known to be gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents.