• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.111-129
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• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Coicis Semen Herbal-acupuncture solution (CS-HAS) at the Joksamni (ST36) on the collagen-induced arthritis in the DBA/1J mouse. The author performed several experiments to analyze the effects of CS-HAS on arthritis; change of the weight; the spleen size and adhesion rate; serum cytokine levels; serum antibody levels; changes of immunocyte counts; the histological changes of joint. Results : In the Coicis Semen Herbal-acupuncture (CS-HA), arthritis index, the incidence of arthritis, and the degree of joint edema were decreased. In CS-HA, there was no weight loss. The size of the spleen, adhesion rate, and the edema and transformation of joint were lowered. In CS-HA, the levels of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$, IgG, IgM, and anti-collagen II in serum and the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-10 in spleen were significantly decreased. In CS-HA, the expression ratios of $CD45^+$ to $CD3e^+$ and $CD8^+$ to $CD4^+$ were decreased. Also, the overall $CD4^+/CD8^+$ cell ratio was lowered in spleen. Ratios of the $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD45^+/CD69^+$ cells were decreased in lymph nodes. In addition, ratios of the $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells were also decreased in synovium. In the histological study, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation, and collagen fiber destruction were decreased with CS-HA treated group. Conclusions : From the results mentioned above, it is suggested that CS-HA at the ST36 has several significant effects on the collagen-induced arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.171-183
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Erythrinae Cortex herbal-acupuncture solution(EC-HAS) at the Joksamni($ST_{36}$) of mice with collagen II-induced arthritis(CIA). Methods : The author performed several experimental procedures to observe the effects of the EC-HAS at the arthritis. The severity of arthritis, changes of cytokine level and antibody level, histological changes of the CIA mouse joint were analyzed. Results : 1. The incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased in the cases which were treated with the EC-HA. 2. Cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were reduced, and the expression of the collagen fibers was similar with that of the normal group. 3. The levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ in serum of the CIA mice which were treated with the EC-HA were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. 4. The levels of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice when they treated with the EC-HA were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. 5. The expression ratio of $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cells in the EC-HA treated mice were maintained as much as the normal group of the lymph nodes in the CIA mice. 6. The $CD3e^+CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cell populations in the knee joint were significantly decreased in the EC-HA treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that the EC-HA at the ST36 may be responsible roles to control on the synovial cell proliferation and to prevent the cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. These results will be important supporting evidence for the practical use of the EC-HA at rheumatoid arthritis clinic in the future.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to produce and characterize a monoclonal antibody against human ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor. Male BALB/c mice were immunized with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein of the C-terminal portion of the human ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor which was expressed in E.Coli. The immunized splenocytes were fused with myeloma SP2/0-Agl4 cells. The resulting hybridomas were screened for the production of a monoclonal antibody which can recognize human ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor, and then subcloned by limiting dilution. The resulting monoclonal antibody was named as mAb$\beta$CO2. The mono-clonal antibody $\beta$CO2 was determined as IgM subtype and then purified by anti-mouse IgM-agarose affinity chromatography. The results of ELISA, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry showed that mAb$\beta$CO2 recognized human ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor in the ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor-GST fusion protein and human spider-moid carcinoma cell line A431 with highly specific immunoreactivity, The monoclonal antibody $\beta$CO2 may provide useful tools for the study of the $\beta$-adrenergic receptor of human and other species including rats.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by increased susceptibility to chronic and recurrent infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails by Candida species. It is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that is difficult to diagnose because of its heterogeneous clinical manifestations and genetic background. A 20-month-old boy who did not grow in height for 3 months was diagnosed as having hypothyroidism and he had hepatitis which was found at 5 years old. He presented with persistent oral thrush and vesicles on the body, the cause of which could not be identified from laboratory findings. No microorganism was detected in the throat culture; however, the oral thrush persisted. Immunological tests showed that immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass IgG and cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, and CD8 levels were within normal limits. We prescribed oral levothyroxine and fluconazole mouth rinse. The patient was examined using diagnostic exome sequencing at the age of 6 years, and a c.1162A>G (p.K388E) STAT1 gene mutation was identified. A diagnosis of CMC based on the STAT1 gene mutation was, thus, made. At the age of 8 years, the boy developed a malar-like rash on his face. We conducted tests for detection of antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies, which showed positive results; therefore, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was also suspected. Whole exome sequencing is important to diagnose rare diseases in children. A STAT1 gene mutation should be suspected in patients with chronic fungal infections with a thyroid disease and/or SLE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

Gluten was extracted from domestic wheat flour using UTH buffer (4 M urea in 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.6) and validated by SDS-PAGE analysis for production of wheat flour products with reduced gluten content.. Anti-gluten polyclonal antibody was made by administering extracted gluten fraction on animal model. Anti-gluten serum titer of extracted gluten fraction was evaluated by ELISA, and that of antibody titer according to administration period. Anti-gluten sera were used for ELISA and immunoblot analysis before and after hydrolysis of gluten fraction at optimal pH and temperature condition for each protease. Gluten fraction separated by SDS-PAGE showed several bands covering 75 to 10 kDa, in which anti-gluten sera were 25, 34, and 45 kDa. Enzyme hydrolysis of gluten fraction revealed protein band sizes to be lower than 15 kDa. Content of pretense from bovine pancreas (b.p. protease) for gluten hydrolysis was estimated as 1 mg in 10 mL gluten fraction extracted for 4 hr.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1355-1362
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of application of lactic acid bacteria fermentation to increase the anti-allergic activity of the extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. H. cordata Thunb was fermented on 25, 30, 35 and $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 days by two species of lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4395 and Lactobacillus sakei 383. The anti-allergic activity of water extracts of H. cordata Thunb was then analyzed both before and after fermentation. Anti-allergic activity was determined in vitro assays by using 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and ${\beta}$-hexoseaminidase release of RBL-2H3 cells (degranulation marker). The extracts fermented at $35^{\circ}C$ by both bacteria had the highest inhibitory activities against 5-LO, and also higher than the control, and the one fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ by both bacteria had the highest inhibitory activity against COX-2. The degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antigen complex was estimated as ${\beta}$-hexoseaminidase release rate as reference of 100%, the release rates were inhibited in $25{\mu}g/ml$ of the extracts fermented at 30, 35 and $40^{\circ}C$ only by L. mesenteroides 4395. These results indicate that anti-allergic activity of H. cordata Thunb is increased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immuno-regulatory effect of Notopterygii Rhizoma(NR) extract on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental groups, except the Normal group and the NRI group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to OVA three times a week for 12 weeks and analyzed by flow cytometer, ELISA, H&E stain. Results : The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in serum of the OVA-NRII group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $CCR3^+$, $CD3^+/CD19^+$, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$cells in the OVA-NRI group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-NRII group decredased signi- ficantly compared with that of the OVA-Control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Notopterygii Rhizoma(NR) would be a effective candidate for herbal-originated anti-asthmatic drug. However, this drug should be further studied for characterization of the accurate action and underlying mechanism using variant disease model in the future.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiallergic and antioxidative effects of Chaenomeles Sinensis (CS). Methods CS pretreatments inhibited anti-DNP IgE in RBL-2H3 mast cells for an hour. we measured cell viability, $\beta$-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, and IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression CS pretreatments inhibited DNP-HSA($10\;{\mu}g/ml$) for ten minutes, we measured Dicholrodihydrofluorescein(DCF) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity in 0.5 mM 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl(DPPH) radical solution, 0.1ml, 99% ethanol 0.8ml, and CS 0.1 ml mixed solution. Results 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/ml CS treatments were not affect on cell viability and inhibited b-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, CS treatments also decreased IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression in RBL-2H3 cells. CS treatments inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Conclusions These results suggest that CS may be useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic disease.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2020

Natural products have received revived interest via traditional remedies or alternative medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been utilized in traditional medicine for various medicinal purposes. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether ZP modulates allergic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the pharmacological effects of ZP on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in mice. Additionally, in order to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ZP, we elucidate the effect of ZP on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The results demonstrated that ZP attenuated AD clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema and dryness as well as histamine and IgE serum levels in DNCB-induced AD model mice. Additionally, ZP suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB in AD-like skin lesions and stimulated HMC-1. These results provide experimental evidence that ZP may be useful candidate for treating allergic inflammation including AD.