• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2013

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form the structural backbone of the T zone provide a guidance path for immigrating T cells in the lymph node (LN). FRCs may contribute directly to developing T-cell biology in the LN and allow analyses of fundamental aspects of FRC biology related to T cells. FRCs inhibited T-cell apoptosis, and FRC culture supernatants strongly induced the expression of Bcl-xL in T cells against doxorubicin. Coculture of FRC and T cells resulted in rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, as well as global changes in the morphology of the FRCs. In addition, when cocultured, the T cells adhered to the FRC monolayer, and the membrane intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was slightly increased by day-dependent manner. In contrast, the expression of soluble ICAM-1 was dramatically increased in a day-dependent manner. Several chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL16, CCL8, CXCL13, and ICAM-1, and MMPs were expressed in FRCs sensed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) families. Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$)-RelA of the $NF{\kappa}B$ canonical pathway was translocated into FRC nuclear by $TNF{\alpha}$. In contrast, p52 proteolyzed from p100, a counterpart of RelB of the noncanonical $NF{\kappa}B$ pathway, accumulated in the peripheral FRC nucleus by agonistic anti-$LT{\beta}R$ antibody. In summary, we propose a model in which FRCs engage in bidirectional crosstalk to increase the efficiency of T-cell biology. This cooperative feedback loop may help to maintain tissue integrity and function during immune responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1643-1647
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• 2016

Since their discovery in 1940, it has been well established that gangliosides are associated with a number of biological pathways and cellular processes such as growth, differentiation and toxin uptake. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids containing neuraminic acid which are expressed on the plasma membrane of cells particularly in the nervous system. Heterogeneity and structural variation in the carbohydrate chains of gangliosides contributes to unique features of each of these molecules. Thirty five years ago it was discovered that aberrant glycosylation occurs in a variety of human cancers, including aberrant glycosylation of gangliosides. Ganglioside expression in terms of quality and quantity varies in different cancers and different roles may be played. Gangliosides, by affecting the immune system, including esxpression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, may inhibit anti-tumor mechanisms, as well as having direct impact on angiogenesis, cell movement and metastasis. It should be noted that different kinds of gangliosides do not all act by the same mechanisms.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 2001

Gangliosides are ubiquitous membrane components in mammalian cells and are suggested to play important roles in various functions such as cell-cell interaction, adhesion, cell differentiation, growth control and signaling. Among all ganglio-series gangliosides, GM3 has the simplest carbohydrate structure, and has been shown as a major gangliosides, in male reproductive system. To study GM3 distribution in the seminiferous tubule and epididymis, frozen sections were stained with specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ganglioside GM3. In the seminiferous tubule of testis, pachytene spermatocytes and spermmatids expressed ganglioside GM3, but not in spermatogonia and sertoli cells. Spermatogonia and sertoli cells near the basement membrane were negatively reacted to anti-GM3. In the epididymis, GM3 was expressed only in some interstitial cells. Taken togethers, these results suggest that the expression of ganglioside GM3 in rat seminiferous tubule and epididymis is spatio-temporally regu lated during spermatogenesis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2007

The present study aims to identify and characterize genes that cause differen genes between non-responders and responders to electroacupuncture (EA) on mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, animals were subjected to unilateral transection of the superior caudal trunk at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.3 ms, 0.2-0.3 mA) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min 2 weeks after the surgery. The degree of mechanical allodynia was assessed quantitatively by touching the tail with von Frey hair (2.0 g) at 10 min intervals. The rats, which showed an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies under 10 %, were classified as non-responders and those displaying an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies 20 % or more were classified as responders. Results from oligonucleotide microarray, to which cDNAs from the spinal dorsal horn (DH) were applied, showed that hemoglobin beta chain complex and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-5 decreased and limbic system-associated membrane protein increased in the non-responder group, whereas calcium-independent alpha-Iatrotoxin receptor homolog-3 increased in the responder group. These results suggest that The functional abnormality of molecules regulating cell adhesion, intracellular signal transduction and cell differentiation in the spinal DH may be involved in the anti-allodynic effect of EA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.225-230
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• 2008

Netrins are secreted molecules and involved in axon guidance, cell migration and tumor development. Recent studies revealed that netrins perform novel functions in such processes as epithelial development and angiogenesis without operating through the classical netrin receptors, DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) and Unc5h. In the present study, we investigated the roles of netrin-1 and its receptors in cell spreading of human glioblastoma cells, and found that netrin-1 haptotactically enhanced fibronectin-induced cell spreading and focal adhesion formation in U373 glioblastoma cells. Netrin-1 binding to the U373 cell membrane was blocked by an antibody against ${\alpha}v$ integrin subunit, but not by an anti-DCC or anti-Unc5h antibody. In addition, enhancement of the fibronectin response by netrin-1 was abrogated by a function blocking antibody against integrin ${\alpha}v{\beta}3$. Since the ${\alpha}v$ subunit of the integrin family plays an important role in the pathophysiological aspects of cell migration, including tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, our data provide important insight into the molecular mechanism of netrin function.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.189-199
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• 2006

Purpose of study: Partial thickness skin graft is the golden standard regimen for full-thickness skin defect caused by burn or trauma. However, in case of extensive burns of more than 50% of total body surface area, the donor site is not sufficient to cover all defects. As a second choice, allograft, xenograft and synthetic materials have been used to treat skin defect. Among them the amniotic membrane(AM) was used as a biological dressing for centuries because of its potential for wound healing. In this study, quantification of EGF in AM and effect of AM-collagen complex on full thickness skin defects was examined. Materials & Methods: The concentration of EGF in fresh, deep frozen and freeze-dried AM was evaluated by ELISA. EGF-R immunostaining was performed in freeze-dried AM. SD rats weighing 250${\sim}$300g was used for wound healing experiment. Three full thickness skin defects(28mm diameter) were made on dorsal surface of SD rat. The control group was covered by Vaselin gauze and AM-collagen complex and $Terudermis^{(R)}$. was grafted in two other defects. Healing area, Cinamon's score were evaluated before biopsy. Grafted sites were retrieved at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation. H & E and Factor VIII immunohistochemical stain was performed to evaluate the microscopic adhesion and structural integrity and microvessel formation. Results: 1. EGF concentration of fresh, deep frozen and freeze-dried AM showed similar level and EGF-R was stained in epithelial layer of freeze-dried AM. 2. At 4 weeks after grafting, the healing area of AM-collagen and Terudermis group was 99.29${\pm}$0.71% and 99.19${\pm}$0.77 of original size. However, that of control group was 24.88${\pm}$2.90. 3. The Cinamon's score of AM-Collagen and $Terudermis^{(R)}$. group at 4 weeks was 15.6${\pm}$1.26 and 14.6${\pm}$3.13 and that of control group was 3.7${\pm}$0.95. Significant difference was observed among control and experimental groups(p<0.05). 4. Histologic examination revealed that AM protected leukocyte infiltration and epithelial migration was nearly completed at 4 weeks. $Terudermis^{(R)}$. group showed mild neutrophil infiltration until 2 weeks and completion of epithelization at 4 weeks. Control group showed massive leukocyte infiltration until 4 weeks. 5. Microvessels were increased sharply at 1 week and control group at 1 and 4 week showed significant differences with $Terudermis^{(R)}$. group of same interval(p<0.05) but no differences were found with AM group(p<0.05). Conclusion: EGF and EGF-R were well preserved in freeze-dried AM. AM attached to collagen acted as excellent biologic dressing which had similar effect with $Terudermis^{(R)}$. AM showed anti-inflammatory action and healing was completed at 4 weeks after full-thickness skin defect.