• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.216-233
• /
• 2003

이 연구는 남극에서 일어나는 지구온난현상, 오존층 파괴, 엘니뇨-남방진동 같은 지구의 환경변화와 관련이 있는 현상들을 정리한 것이다. 빙벽이 후퇴하고 빙붕이 갈라지는 현상은 지구환경변화, 그 가운데서도 최근 들어 심해진 지구온난현상을 반영한다. 또 서남극 남극반도에서 떨어진 남쉐틀랜드군도 킹조지 섬의 마리안 소만의 빙벽이 1956년부터 38년 동안에 후퇴한 것보다 최근 1994년부터 7년 동안에 더 많이 후퇴했다. 또한 세종기지에서 엘니뇨-남방진동과 관련된 기온과 강수량의 변화가 나타났다. 나아가 인공위성 자료 분석 결과, 세종기지가 있는 지역에서도 성층권의 오존층 파괴가 심한 남극 9월과 10월에 평균 오존전량이 감소하고 지상에 도달하는 자외선이 증가하였음을 확인하였다. 남극 오존층 파괴로 인한 자외선의 증가는 해양생물의 성장 환경을 변화시킨다. 또 남극생물의 생산력, 생물량, 종 조성의 변화를 일으키며, 자외선은 일차생산자인 식물플랑크톤 세포의 생리, 유전, 생태변화를 일으켜 남극 해양생태계 전체를 변화시킨다. 현재부터 42만 년 전까지 네 번의 빙하계(氷河階)를 밝힌 보스토크호수의 얼음연구 결과를 훑어보았다. 우리나라는 남극대륙을 덮는 빙원의 굴착과 해석, 빙원 아래에 있는 지역의 지질연구 같은 남극본연의 연구를 하기위하여 남극대륙을 연구해야겠다. 고층대기과학을 포함한 대기과학도 당연히 연구해야 한다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.442-453
• /
• 2002

남극 드레이크해협 남부에서 채취한 코아퇴적물(GC 98-06)로부터 32개의 시료를 얻어 고생물학적으로 연구한 결과 총 23속 64종의 규조 미화석이 감정되었다. 산출된 규조 미화석의 군집 조성 중 Actinocyclus actinochilus, Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, Eucampia antarctica, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Thalassiosira lentiginosa, T. ritscheri와 T. anguste-lineata 등이 우점종으로 전체 군집의 73%를 차지한다. 공해환경을 지시해 주는 종들이 Bransfield Strait Water에 의해 유입된 해빙종들에 비해서 다량 산출되며, 제 4기 지시종과 제 3기의 마이오세와 플라이오세를 지시해주는 종들이 혼합되어 산출되는 것은, 퇴적물의 퇴적 당시 고환경이 주로 남극 순환수에 의해 운반된 남극저층수(Circumpolar deep water)에 의해 영향을 받아서 주변의 고기 퇴적물로부터 규조 화석들이 재이동 되었음을 의미한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2002

Seasonal variation in global transport calculated from an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) has been assessed through the comparison with observational estimates. The OGCM based on the GFDL MOM1.1 has honzontal grid interval of 10 and 21 verticle levels, and was integrated for 31 years forced by climatological wind stress, freshwater flux, and heat flux with restoring. General features of the world ocean circulation are well reproduced, which include the western boundary currents such as the Kuroshio and the Agulhas Current, the Equatorial Current system, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and the Weddell Sea gyres. Also well resolved is the remarkable seasonal variation in the depth-integrated flows in the northern Indian Ocean due to the monsoonal wind. Monthly variation is found to be dominant in the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current through the Drake Passage in accordance with observational estimates. It has been shown that the mid-latitude depth-integrated flows obey the Sverdrup relation, except for some regions such as continental shelf regions where the interaction between stratification and bottom topography is critical.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.679-684
• /
• 2004

To determine if Antarctic krill employ body shrinkage as one of its overwintering mechanisms in the field, Euphauia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias were collected during fall and winter in and around Marguerite Bay through US Southern Ocean GLOBEC field programs during fall and winter 2001 and 2002. The relationships between the body length and weight of both krill species were exponentially correlated with no significant differences between the two species (p>0.05). The ratio between eye diameter and body length of individual krill was examined in an expectation that it could be used as an indicator of the body shrinkage as previously suggested by Shin and Nicol (2002). These ratios were significantly different between the two krill species. Especially, E . crystallorophias had bigger eyes than E. superba. In both krill species, eye diameters were highly correlated with body lengths (regression coefficients ${\geq}0.70$). For E. crystallorophias, no significant differences of the ratio of eye diameter/body length were detected between fall and winter. Even though the ratios for E. superba were seasonally varied, it was not clear whether body shrinkage was an actual and critical overwintering mechanism for the krill population found in this study area. These results suggest that some individuals of E. superba might experience the body shrinkage during a part of their liff, but this morphological index alone (eye diameter/body length) may be insufficient to unambiguously separate the shrunk krill from the non-shrunk ones in the field-collected animals.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2014

Mineral dust in the polar snow plays an important role both in the climate system of the Earth and in global biogeochemical cycles. Analysis of the concentration and the particle size distribution of mineral dust has been carried out in the snow from the Antarctic surface snow and the Greenland snowpit. Among the various particle size determination techniques, a Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter in a class 100 clean bench counted all particles between 1.1 and $30.0{\mu}m$ with a $50{\mu}m$ aperture tube. The aperture tube size, the concentration of electrolytes and the accuracy of the particle size distribution were determined in this study. The number concentrations from the Antarctic surface snow were 81,843 particles $mL^{-1}$, but those from the Greenland snowpit were 10,666 particles $mL^{-1}$. In the volume distribution, the distributions of mineral dust in both the Antarctic surface snow and the Greenland snowpit showed lognormal distribution in the size interval 1.1 to $6.0{\mu}m$ with the mode, 3.562 and $3.836{\mu}m$, respectively. The analysis technique using a coulter counter for mineral dust could be used for reconstructing paleoclimates from polar ice cores.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.401-414
• /
• 2004

Temperature, salinity, alkalinity, pH, nutrient, chlorophyll, and iron were measured within the upper 250m water column around the Antarctic Polar Front in the Scotia Sea from late November to early December 2001. Temperature and salinity showed a rapid change across the Polar Front, and the temperature minimum layer existed only in the southern area of the Polar Front. Total $CO_2$ and nutrient concentrations were relatively high and increased rapidly with water depth in the southern area of the Polar Front, which was resulted from upwelling of the Antarctic deep water containing high concentrations of total $CO_2$ and nutrient. ${\Delta}C:{\Delta}N:{\Delat}P$ ratios measured in the norhem and southern areas of the Polar Front were 75:11.4:1 and 84:12.5:1, respectively, which were lower than the Redfield ratio. ${\Delta}Si:{\Delta}N$ ratio (3.65) measured in the southern area of the Polar Front was two times higher than that (1.95) in the northern area. These two ratios were higher than the ratio (1.0) measured in the temperate and tropical oceans. Chlorophyll concentrations were extremely high in the area of $59^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}S$, which was attributed to favorable environmental conditions for phytoplankton growth in this area, such as sufficient iron, high water column stability, and high silicate concentration.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2011

우리나라에서 남극에 장보고기지를 건설하는 계획을 추진하고 있으며 이를 위해 기지 부근 지형에 대한 상세한 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상을 이용하여 장보고기지 건설을 위한 지형도를 제작하는 것을 목적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 장보고기지 주변의 현지측량 및 장비의 사전테스트를 수행하였다. 또한 GeoEye-1 위성영상의 센서모델링을 위해 RPC-편의 보정을 수행하였으며 최소 두 점의 기준점이 실질적으로 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 지형도 제작은 영상의 해상도와 현지 보완측량이 불가능한 점을 고려하여 약 1/2,500의 도화축척이 적합하였다. 장보고기지 주변의 상세한 지형정보 제공을 위하여 영상정합에 의하여 수치표고모델을 생성하였으며 현지측량한 GPS-RTK 자료와 비교하였으며 약 0.6m의 수직위치정확도를 나타내었다.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2022

Polar microorganisms produce physiologically active substances to adapt to harsh environments, and these substances can be used as biomedical compounds. The green microalga Micractinium variabile KSF0031, which was isolated from Antarctica, produced phytol, a natural antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3, exhibit antioxidant properties. Here statistical methods (Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design) were used to optimize the culture medium of KSF0031 to improve biomass production, and K₂HPO₄, MgSO₄·7H ₂O, and ammonium ferric citrate green (AFCg) were selected as significant components of the culture medium. Changes in the concentration of K₂HPO₄ and MgSO₄·7H ₂O as positive factors and AFCg as a negative factor affected cell growth to a remarkable degree. The biomass production in a 100 L culture using the optimized medium for 24 d at 18℃ was improved by 37.5% compared to that obtained using the original BG-11 medium. The quantities of PUFAs and phytol obtained were 13 mg g^-1 dry cell weight (DCW) and 10.98 mg g^-1 DCW, which represent improved yields of 11.70% and 48.78%, respectively. The results of this study could contribute to an improved production of phytol and fatty acids from Antarctic microalgae in the biomedical industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2013

Instant krill gruel was produced using peeled Antarctic krill Euphausia superba as a high nutritional ingredient and the food quality was investigated. The food quality of krill gruel was examined by measuring proximate composition, cholesterol, calorie, Hunter color value, total amino acids, fatty acids, fluoride, viscoelastic properties, and by sensory evaluation. The krill gruel had a moisture content of 87% and a pH of 6.65. The krill gruel contained 51 kcal/100 g, and 0.1% fat and 3.5 mg/100 g cholesterol. Its fatty acid composition exhibited high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. The levels of oleic acid and linolenic acid were high, and n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acid contents ranged from 1% to 6%. The total amino acid content was 2132 mg/100 g, and the levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, alanine, and arginine were particularly high. Essential amino acids accounted for over 30% of the total amino acids. Fluoride level in the krill gruel was 3.07 mg/kg. The viscoelastic properties of the krill gruel were determined as 6.28 Pa at shear stress of 2.51 Pa. In the recovery test, the elastic restoring force after deformation was low.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2001

2000년 1월에 남극 남쉐틀랜드군도(South Shetland Islands) 주변해역에서 수심 200 m 까지 수온, 염분, 영양염, 엽록소, 일차생산력 등을 측정하였다. 표층수온은 남쉐틀랜드군도 북쪽 드레이크해협(Drake Passage)에서 높았고 남극반도 북동해역에서 낮았다. 반대로 염분은 드레이크해협에서 낮았고 남극반도쪽으로 갈수록 점차적으로 증가하여 남극반도 북동해역에서 최고 값을 보였다. 표층해수의 영양염 농도는 대체로 드레이크해협에서 낮은 값을 보였고 남쉐틀랜드군도 인접해역에서 높은 값을 보였다. 엽록소 농도는 드레이크해협과 남극반도 인접해역에서 낮았고 킹조오지섬(King George Island) 북쪽해역에서 높았다. 연구해역은 T-S diagram의 특징적인 형태에 따라 4개 해역으로 구분된다; 드레이크해협, 브랜스필드해협 (Bransfield Strait), 혼합 해역(Mixed zone), 웨델해(Weddell Sea) 해역. 이들 4개 해역들은 각각 특징적인 물리, 화학, 생물학적 특성을 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 생물량은 드레이크해협과 웨델해 해역에서 상대적으로 낮았고 브랜스필드해협과 혼합 해역에서 높았다. 웨델해 해역에서 식물플랑크톤 생물량이 낮은 것은 낮은 수온과 수심 200 m 이상의 깊은 표층혼합 때문이라고 생각되고 드레이크해협 해역에서는 높은 동물플랑크톤 포식압과 낮은 철농도 때문인 것으로 생각된다.