한국지구과학회지 (Journal of the Korean earth science society)

  • 제24권3호
  • /
  • Pages.216-233
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  • 2003
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  • 1225-6692(pISSN)
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  • 2287-4518(eISSN)
한국지구과학회 (The Korean Earth Science Society)
권호 표지

지구환경변화와 남극

Global Environmental Changes and the Antarctic

  • 이방용 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 정호성 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 강성호 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 장순근 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부)
  • Lee, Bang-Yong (Polar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Chung, Ho-Sung (Polar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kang, Sung-Ho (Polar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Chang, Soon-Keun (Polar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)
  • 발행 : 2003.04.30
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초록

이 연구는 남극에서 일어나는 지구온난현상, 오존층 파괴, 엘니뇨-남방진동 같은 지구의 환경변화와 관련이 있는 현상들을 정리한 것이다. 빙벽이 후퇴하고 빙붕이 갈라지는 현상은 지구환경변화, 그 가운데서도 최근 들어 심해진 지구온난현상을 반영한다. 또 서남극 남극반도에서 떨어진 남쉐틀랜드군도 킹조지 섬의 마리안 소만의 빙벽이 1956년부터 38년 동안에 후퇴한 것보다 최근 1994년부터 7년 동안에 더 많이 후퇴했다. 또한 세종기지에서 엘니뇨-남방진동과 관련된 기온과 강수량의 변화가 나타났다. 나아가 인공위성 자료 분석 결과, 세종기지가 있는 지역에서도 성층권의 오존층 파괴가 심한 남극 9월과 10월에 평균 오존전량이 감소하고 지상에 도달하는 자외선이 증가하였음을 확인하였다. 남극 오존층 파괴로 인한 자외선의 증가는 해양생물의 성장 환경을 변화시킨다. 또 남극생물의 생산력, 생물량, 종 조성의 변화를 일으키며, 자외선은 일차생산자인 식물플랑크톤 세포의 생리, 유전, 생태변화를 일으켜 남극 해양생태계 전체를 변화시킨다. 현재부터 42만 년 전까지 네 번의 빙하계(氷河階)를 밝힌 보스토크호수의 얼음연구 결과를 훑어보았다. 우리나라는 남극대륙을 덮는 빙원의 굴착과 해석, 빙원 아래에 있는 지역의 지질연구 같은 남극본연의 연구를 하기위하여 남극대륙을 연구해야겠다. 고층대기과학을 포함한 대기과학도 당연히 연구해야 한다.

This study delineates the phenomena related with global environmental changes such as global warming, ozone depletion, and El Ni${\tilde{n}}$o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) noted in the Antarctic. Retreat of ice cliffs, glaciers, and calving of ice shelves indicate the effects of recently aggravated global warming. The ice cliff located at Marian Cove, King George Island, South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic Peninsula has been observed to be retreating faster in the last 7 years than in the previous 38 years since 1956. There are some indications of temperature and precipitation changes associated with ENSO around King Sejong Station. The regression analyses indicate significant trends such as a decrease in the total amount of ozone and an increase in ultraviolet radiation which was seen by a satellite (TOMS-EUV) in September and October which correspond to ozone-hole season over King Sejong Station. Increase of UV radiation due to the ozone depletion in the Antarctic has changed the growth rate of marine organisms. It may also result in changes to the productivity, biomass, and species composition of marine organisms which can affect the whole marine ecosystem. The recent ice-core drilling over Lake Vostok has been reviewed with emphasis on the four cycles of glacial stages over the past 420,000 years. It is time to show more interest in mainland Antarctica through investigations of the coring and vast ice sheet, terrestrial geology, and upper atmospheric sciences in order to understand the past environmental changes and to predict possible changes to the environment in the future.

키워드

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