• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2023

Spin-off pyroprocessing technology and inert anode materials to replace the conventional carbon-based smelting process for critical materials were introduced. Efforts to select inert anode materials through numerical analysis and selected experimental results were devised for the high-throughput reduction of oxide feedstocks. The electrochemical properties of the inert anode material were evaluated, and stable electrolysis behavior and CaCu generation were observed during molten salt recycling. Thereafter, CuTi was prepared by reacting rutile (TiO₂) with CaCu in a Ti crucible. The formation of CuTi was confirmed when the concentration of CaO in the molten salt was controlled at 7.5mol%. A laboratory-scale electrorefining study was conducted using CuTi(Zr, Hf) alloys as the anodes, with a Ti electrodeposit conforming to the ASTM B299 standard recovered using a pilot-scale electrorefining device.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2003

The present article is concerned with the overview of carbonaceous materials used as anode materials for lithium ion secondary batteries. This article first classified carbonaceous materials into graphite, soft carbon and hard carbon according to their crystal structures, and then summarised the previous works on the characteristics of lithium intercalation/deintercalation into/from the carbonaceous materials. Finally this article reviewed our recent research works on the mechanism of lithium transport through graphite, soft carbon and hard carbon electrodes from the kinetic view point by the analysis of the theoretical and experimental potentiostatic current transients.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 1999

The effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment(PWHT) of SS400 Steel was investigated with parameters such as micro vickers hardness corrosion potential polarization behaviors galvanic current Al anode generating current Al anode weight loss etc. Hardness of each parts(HAZ, BM, WM)by PWHT is lower than that of each parts by Non Post-Weld Heat Treatment(NPWHT) However hardness of WM of HAZ part was the highest among those three parts and HAZ area were also acted as cathode without any case of heat treatment. Potential difference between each three parts by PWHT was also smaller compared to NPWHT. Therefore it is suggested that Corrosion resistance property is increased by PWHT. However both Al anode generating current and anode weight loss was also decreased by PWHT compared to NPWHT when SS400 steel is cathodically protected by Al anode.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2010

The electrical characteristics of galvanic cell which is composed of the cathode electrode(graphite, carbon and copper) and the anode electrode(Zn and Mg) were investigated. For this research as electrolyte 2~12 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were used. At graphite cathode electrodes which use Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the open circuit voltage was 1.3V most highly. The maximum output power increased as the electrolyte concentration increased, due to a increase in ion density. When Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the maximum output power respectively was evaluated as 2.2mW and 5.5mW about the graphite cathode electrode in the NaCl 4wt%. The research results indicated that the output power of cell which is composed with graphite with the cathode and Mg with the anode was most excellent and the efficiency of the cell could be enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 1995

The plasma oscillation has been observed in an argon pressure between a tungsten anode and cathode consisting of an aqueous conducting solution. The effects of experimental parameters on the electrical characteristics of the glow discharge have been studied. The experimental parameters include the anode-cathode distance, pressure, methanol flow rate, and cathode materials. The glow discharge with liquid cathode and solid anode showed the potential sensitive detector for HPLC

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1607-1610
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• 2009

The carbon-coated Si/Cu powder has been prepared by mechanical ball milling and hydrocarbon gas decomposition methods. The phase of Si/Cu powder was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), dispersive Raman spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The carbon-coated Si/Cu powders were used as anode active material for lithium-ion batteries. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by charge/discharge test using commercial LiCo$O_2$ cathode and lithium foil electrode, respectively. The surface phase of Si/Cu powders consisted of carbon phase like the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a spacing layer of 0.35 nm. The carbon-coated Si/Cu/graphite composite anode exhibited a higher capacity than commercial graphite anode. However, the cyclic efficiency and the capacity retention of the composite anode were lower compared with graphite anode as cycling proceeds. This effect may be attributed to some mass limitations in LiCo$O_2$ cathode materials during the cycling.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2006

Electrical, optical, surface, and structural properties of amorphous indium-zinc-oxide (a-IZO) grown by box cathode sputtering (BCS) were compared with crystalline indium-tin-oxide (c-ITO) anode films grown by conventional DC sputtering (DCS). Although x-ray diffraction plot of BCS-grown IZO film shows amorphous structure, the optical and electrical properties of a-IZO is comparable to those of c-ITO film. In particular, BCS-grown IZO films shows very smooth surface without defects such as pin hole and cracks because most of the energy of the sputtered atoms was confined in high density plasma region in box cathode gun. Furthermore polymer organic light emitting diodes (POLED) with the a-IZO anode film shows better electrical properties than that of POLED with the c-ITO anode film due to high work function and smooth surface of a-IZO. This suggested that BCS-grown a-IZO film is promising anode materials substituting conventional c-ITO anode in OLED and flexible displays.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2005

Line Shaped Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with multilayered structure has been fabricated via direct-writing process. The cell is electrolyte of Ni-YSZ cermet anode, YSZ electrolyte and LSM cathode. They were processed into pastes for the direct writing process. Syringe filled with each electrode and electrolyte paste was loaded into the computer-controlled robe-dispensing machine and the paste was dispensed through cylindrical nozzle of 0.21 mm in diameter under the air pressure of 0.1 tow onto a moving plate with 1.22 mm/s. First of all, the anode paste was dispensed on the PSZ porous substrate, and then the electrolyte paste was dispensed. The anode/electrolyte and the PSZ substrate were co-fired at $1350^{\circ}C$ in air atmosphere for 3 h. The cathode layer was similarly dispensed and sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. All the electrode/electrolyte lines were visually aligned during the direct writing process. The effective reaction area of fabricated SOFC was $0.03 cm^2$, and the thickness of anode, electrolyte and cathode was 20 $\mu$m, 15 $\mu$m, and 10 $\mu$m, respectively. The single line-shaped SOFC fabricated by direct-writing process exhibited OCV of 0.95 V and maximum power density of $0.35W/cm^2$ at $810^{\circ}C$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.680-686
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• 2013

Tungsten oxide films were prepared by an electrochemical deposition method for use as the anode in rechargeable lithium batteries. Continuous potentiostatic deposition of the film led to numerous cracks of the deposits while pulsed deposition significantly suppressed crack generation and film delamination. In particular, a crack-free dense tungsten oxide film with a thickness of ca. 210 nm was successfully created by pulsed deposition. The thickness of tungsten oxide was linearly proportional to deposition time. Compositional and structural analyses revealed that the as-prepared deposit was amorphous tungsten oxide and the heat treatment transformed it into crystalline triclinic tungsten oxide. Both the as-prepared and heat-treated samples reacted reversibly with lithium as the anode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Typical peaks for the conversion processes of tungsten oxides were observed in cyclic voltammograms, and the reversibility of the heat-treated sample exceeded that of the as-prepared one. Consistently, the cycling stability of the heat-treated sample proved to be much better than that of the as-prepared one in a galvanostatic charge/discharge experiment. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using electrolytic tungsten oxide films as the anode in rechargeable lithium batteries. However, further works are still needed to make a dense film with higher thickness and improved cycling stability for its practical use.

• 세라미스트
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.388-405
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• 2018

In this paper, we review about current development of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries and catalysts for fuel cells. We scrutinized various electrode materials for cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries, which include the materials currently being used in the industry and candidates with high energy density. While layered, spinel, olivine, and rock-salt type inorganic electrode materials were introduced as the cathode materials, the Li metal, graphite, Li-alloying metal, and oxide compound have been discussed for the application to the anode materials. In the development of fuel cell catalysts, the catalyst structures classified according to the catalyst composition and surface structure, such as Pt-based metal nanoparticles, non-Pt catalysts, and carbon-based materials, were discussed in detail. Moreover, various support materials used to maximize the active surface area of fuel cell catalysts were explained. New electrode materials and catalysts with both high electrochemical performance and stability can be developed based on the thorough understanding of earlier studied electrode materials and catalysts.