• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2007

A backscatter Kikuchi diffraction attachment to an SEM enables the convenient investigation of grain orientations on bulk or micro surface. Their relation to micro structural features gives insight into many aspects of anisotropic materials properties. In micro area such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems(MEMS) devices is required in order to improve understanding of how they may be expected to perform upon the micro scale. Electro Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) helps us to find uniform area as MEMS material. The ${\gamma}-TiAl$ has two different lamellar structures ${\gamma}/{\alpha}2-Ti_3Al$ phase which have shows $\{111\}{\gamma}//\{0001\}{\alpha}2$ plane indexing. The micro size testing specimen was successfully made by this structural relation. Interlamellar structure specimen averagely show $20{\sim}25%$ lower fracture toughness value compare with translamellar specimens Moreover micro fracture surface and micro crack progress were observed.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2011

Aluminum or CFRP is representative one of the lightweight materials. Collapse behavior of Al/CFRP square structural member was evaluated in this study based on the respective collapse behavior of aluminum and CFRP member. Al/CFRP square structural members were manufactured by wrapping CFRP prepreg sheets outside the aluminum hollow members in the autoclave. Because the CFRP is an anisotropic material with mechanical properties, The Al/CFRP square structural members stacked at different angles(${\pm}15^{\circ}$, ${\pm}45^{\circ}$, ${\pm}90^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}$ where the direction on $0^{\circ}$ coincides with the axis of the member) and interface numbers(2, 3, 4, 6 and 7). The axial impact collapse tests were carried out for each section members. Collapse mode and energy absorption characteristics of the each member were analyzed.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 직물을 사실적으로 렌더링할 수 있는 절차적 접근법을 제안한다. 가상 직물을 렌더링하기 위한 기존의 절차적인 기법들은 결과의 사실성이 부족하다는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 제안된 예제-기반 접근법은 렌더링의 사실성을 매우 높였지만, 다양한 재질의 반사를 표현하기 위해서는 대용량의 저장 공간이 필요하다는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서 제안되는 기법은 미세면(microfacet) 모델을 이용하여 직물을 표현한다. 미세면 모델은 이방성 반사특성을 갖도록 하였으며, 씨실과 날실은 이러한 이방성 반사 특성을 수직으로 교차하여 표현할 수 있다. 이와 함께 본 논문은 실을 더욱 사실적으로 표현하기 위해 직조물을 구성하는 실의 굴곡을 절차적으로 모델링하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 데이터를 사용하지 않고도 매우 사실적인 직물 렌더링이 가능하다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.572-579
• /
• 1995

Most of conventional ultrasonic transducers are constructed to generate either longitudinal or shear waves, but not both of them. We investigate the mechanism of dual mode transducers that generate both of the longitudinal and shear waves simultaneously with single PZT element. The study is aimed to find the optimally desired cut by examining the anisotropic piezoelectric properties. Theory predicts that a mixed P/S mode transducer can be constructed using a rotated Z-cut of PZT piezoelectric ceramics. We study the performance of a PZT element as a function of its rotation angle so that its efficiency is optimized to excite the two waves as much as equally strong. The results are verified by the waveform in pulse-echo computer simulation and experiments. When the transducer is subjected to impedance analysis, it shows two thickness mode resonances, each of which being a mixed P/S thickness mode. By examining wave speeds on E transmitter delay line receiver setup, it is confirmed that the transducer can transmit and detect both longitudinal and shear wave simultaneously.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.495-513
• /
• 2013

Thin, high-strength steel roof cladding is widely used in residential and industrial low-rise buildings and is susceptible to failure during severe wind storms such as cyclones. Current cladding design is heavily reliant on experimental testing for the determination of roof cladding performance. Further study is necessary to evolve current design standards, and numerical modelling of roof cladding can provide an efficient and cost effective means of studying the response of cladding in great detail. This paper details the development of a numerical model that can simulate the static response of corrugated roof cladding. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilised to determine the response of corrugated cladding subject to a static wind pressure, which included the anisotropic material properties and strain-hardening characteristics of the thin steel roof cladding. The model was then validated by comparing the numerical data with corresponding experimental test results. Based on this comparison, the model was found to successfully predict the fastener reaction, deflection and the characteristics in deformed shape of the cladding. The validated numerical model was then used to predict the response of the cladding subject to a design cyclone pressure trace, excluding fatigue effects, to demonstrate the potential of the model to investigate more complicated loading circumstances.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 2023

The vibration of microtubule in human cells is the source of electrical field around it and inside cell structure. The induction of electrical field is a direct result of the existence of dipoles on the surface of the microtubules. Measuring the electrical fields could be performed using nano-scale sensors and the data could be transformed to other computers using internet of things (IoT) technology. Processing these data is feasible by artificial intelligence-based methods. However, the first step in analyzing the vibrational behavior is to study the mechanics of microtubules. In this regard, the vibrational behavior of the microtubules is investigated in the present study. A shell model is utilized to represent the microtubules' structure. The displacement field is assumed to obey first order shear deformation theory and classical theory of elasticity for anisotropic homogenous materials is utilized. The governing equations obtained by Hamilton's principle are further solved using analytical method engaging Navier's solution procedure. The results of the analytical solution are used to train, validate and test of the deep neural network. The results of the present study are validated by comparing to other results in the literature. The results indicate that several geometrical and material factors affect the vibrational behavior of microtubules.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.535-570
• /
• 2017

There are only few cases where cause and location of failure of a rock structure are limited to a single discontinuity. Usually several discontinuities of limited size interact and eventually form a combined shear plane where failure takes place. So, besides the discontinuities, the regions between adjacent discontinuities, which consist of strong rock and are called material or rock bridges, are of utmost importance for the shear strength of the compound failure plane. Shear behaviour of persistent and non-persistent joint are different from each other. Shear strength of rock mass containing non-persistent joints is highly affected by mechanical behavior and geometrical configuration of non-persistent joints located in a rock mass. Therefore investigation is essential to study the fundamental failures occurring in a rock bridge, for assessing anticipated and actual performances of the structures built on or in rock masses. The purpose of this review paper is to present techniques, progresses and the likely future development directions in experimental testing of non-persistent joint failure behaviour. Experimental results showed that the presence of rock bridges in not fully persistent natural discontinuity sets is a significant factor affecting the stability of rock structures. Compared with intact rocks, jointed rock masses are usually weaker, more deformable and highly anisotropic, depending upon the mechanical properties of each joint and the explicit joint positions. The joint spacing, joint persistency, number of rock joint, angle of rock joint, length of rock bridge, angle of rock bridge, normal load, scale effect and material mixture have important effect on the failure mechanism of a rock bridge.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.498-502
• /
• 2010

Aluminium titanate($Al_2TiO_5$) has extremely anisotropic thermal expansion properties in single crystals, and polycrystalline material spontaneously microcracks in the cooling step after sintering process. These fine intergranular cracks limit the strength of the material, but provide an effective mechanism for absorbing strain energy during thermal shock and preventing catastrophic crack propagation. Furthermore, since machinable BN-ceramics used as an insulating substrate in current micro-electronic industry are very expensive, the development of new low-cost machinable substrate ceramics are consistently required. Therefore, cheap $Al_2TiO_5$-machinable ceramics was studied for the replacement of BN ceramics. $Al_2O_3-Al_2TiO_5$ ceramic composite was fabricated via in-situ reaction sintering. $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ powders were mixed with various mol-ratio and sintered at 1400 to $1600^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. Density, hardness and strength of sintered ceramics were systematically measured. Phase analysis and microstructures were observed by XRD and SEM, respectively. Machinability of each specimens was tested by micro-hole machining. The results of research showed that the $Al_2TiO_5$-composites could be used for low-cost machinable ceramics.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 자전거의 경량화를 위해 탄소섬유 복합재료, 유리섬유 복합재료, 케블라섬유 복합재료를 자전거 프레임의 재료로 사용하여 강도 설계 및 최적화를 수행하고 재료 성능을 비교하였다. 이를 위해 유럽표준위원회가 제시하는 자전거 안전사항을 기준으로 복합재료가 가진 이방적 특성을 활용하여 적층각 최적화와 두께 최적화를 수행하였다. 또한, 최적화된 무게, 복합재료의 강도와 비용을 바탕으로 Digital logic 방법으로 재료별 자전거 프레임의 성능을 비교하였으며 이를 통해 섬유강화복합재료를 사용한 자전거 프레임의 구조적 안정성을 확보하며 동시에 경량화를 수행할 수 있었고, 자전거 프레임에 적합한 복합재료를 선별할 수 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2015

In this study, in order to improve the reliability of ACF interconnections, solder ACF joints were investigated interms of solder joint morphology and solder wetting areas, and evaluated the electrical properties of Flex-on-Board (FOB) interconncections. Solder ACF joints with the ultrasonic bonding method showed excellent solder wetting by broken solder oxide layers on solder surfaces compared with solder joints with remaining solder oxide layer bonded by the conventional thermo-compression (TC) bonding method. When higher target temperature was used, Sn58Bi solder joints showed concave shape due to lower degree of cure of resin at solder MP by higher heating rate. ACFs with epoxy resins and SAC305 solders showed lower degree of resin cure at solder MP due to the slow curing rate resulting in concave shaped solder joints. In terms of solder wetting area, solder ACFs with $25-32{\mu}m$ diameters and 30-40 wt% showed highest wetted solder areas. Solder ACF joints with the concave shape and the highest wetting area showed lower contact resistances and higher reliability in PCT results than conventional ACF joints. These results indicate that solder morphologies and wetting areas of solder ACF joints can be controlled by adjustment of bonding conditions and material properties of solder and polymer resin to improve reliability of ACF joints.