• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.133-144
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• 2015

Lighting work on 3D animation requires much time and labor. For example, about 60 lighting artists were needed for the theater animation named Postman Pat the Movie globally distributed in 2014. These artists were needed to rapidly respond with shot feedback. However, complicated shots required much of rendering time. Therefore, it was difficult to correspond the work in the middle of test rendering. After 2005, re-lighting techniques were developed to cope with such situations. However, it was not feasible to create shadow with current re-lighting technique which doesn't make natural or realistic result. This paper has realized relighting system that could realistic quality while maintaining fast calculation by applying rasterized ambient occlusion to the relighting calculation of each of the lights. This relighting system has been used for the Hollywood animation titled "Postman Pat: The Movie" globally released in 2014. It is anticipated for this method to be more widely used for animation manufacture that other manufacturers can reduce expenses and create well completed output in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a speech animation synthesis specialized in Korean through a rule-based co-articulation model. Speech animation has been widely used in the cultural industry, such as movies, animations, and games that require natural and realistic motion. Because the technique for audio driven speech animation has been mainly developed for English, however, the animation results for domestic content are often visually very unnatural. For example, dubbing of a voice actor is played with no mouth motion at all or with an unsynchronized looping of simple mouth shapes at best. Although there are language-independent speech animation models, which are not specialized in Korean, they are yet to ensure the quality to be utilized in a domestic content production. Therefore, we propose a natural speech animation synthesis method that reflects the linguistic characteristics of Korean driven by an input audio and text. Reflecting the features that vowels mostly determine the mouth shape in Korean, a coarticulation model separating lips and the tongue has been defined to solve the previous problem of lip distortion and occasional missing of some phoneme characteristics. Our model also reflects the differences in prosodic features for improved dynamics in speech animation. Through user studies, we verify that the proposed model can synthesize natural speech animation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.109-137
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• 2015

As Digital technology developed, drawing animation, using traditional production method which expresses many feelings with drawn lines loses the youth group, the primary audience, to the realism of the digital cinema. Drawing animation, which drew attention of the youth by the spectacles in the film such as hectic pace, dynamics and punch, declined for a while. However, it has been developed a way to express pace and dynamics of its own by establishing an effective directing method, which combines digital technology as it is needed. This study has a purpose to investigate what causes the dynamics and feeling of fast movement of the character in Japanese limited animation. Though some action-animated films that heroes with supernatural powers take the leading role that feeling of velocity and dynamics are emphasized we compare the directing method before and after the introduction of the digital technology. This research reaches the conclusion by factoring each Bergson and McLuhan's discussion to the intervention of indexical signs and the audience's participation according to skipping technique. This study has a significance of researching the element of drawing animation that maximizes the expansion of the senses by defying the limitation of the law of physics through its unique way of directing together with growth of the hero films, which will continue.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.894-906
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• 2006

There are many difficulties to develop a mobile contents due to many constraints on mobile environments. It is difficult to make a good mobile contents with only visual reduction of existing contents on wire Internet. Therefore, it is essential to devise the data representation and to develop the authoring tool to meet the needs of the mobile contents market. We suggest the compact mobile contents to learn Chinese characters and developed its authoring tool. The animation which our system produces is realistic as if someone writes letters with pen or brush. Moreover, our authoring tool makes a user generate a Chinese character animation easily and rapidly although she or he has not many knowledge in computer graphics, mobile programming or Chinese characters. The method to generate the stroke animation is following: We take basic character shape information represented with several contours from TTF(TrueType Font) and get the information for the stroke segmentation and stroke ordering from simple user input. And then, we decompose whole character shape into some strokes by using polygonal approximation technique. Next, the stroke animation for each stroke is automatically generated by the scan line algorithm ordered by the stroke direction. Finally, the ordered scan lines are compressed into some integers by reducing coordinate redundancy As a result, the stroke animation of our system is even smaller than GIF animation. Our method can be extended to rendering and animation of Hangul or general 2D shape based on vector graphics. We have the plan to find the method to automate the stroke segmentation and ordering without user input.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1240-1250
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• 2007

We introduce technique for color transformation of characters between scenes in 2D animation. As colors are perceived differently owing to light source, so character colors like clothes, skin and so on are colored differently owing to atmosphere of each scene. This paper is made an attempt to solve mathematically color assignment of characters which has been worked by hand so far. We can find a matrix for color transformation of characters by appling principle of color stimulus to our algorithm. In scenes of existing 2D animation, basic colors and colors under light source of characters are used for the matrix. And matrixes are obtained for each scenes of 2D animation. If we are known basic colors of some characters, you can derive character colors under other light source environments using the matrix. Therefore, this paper describes automatic color transformation of characters between animation scenes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

Image-based motion capture technology is often used in making realistic computer animation. In this paper we try to implement image-based motion rendering by fixing a camera to a PC. Existing image-based rendering algorithms have disadvantages of high computational burden or low accuracy. The former disadvantage causes too long making-time of an animation. The latter disadvantage degrades reality in making realistic animation. To compensate for those disadvantages of the existing approaches, this paper presents an image-based motion rendering algorithm with low computational load and high estimation accuracy. In the proposed approach, an incremental motion rendering algorithm with low computational load is analyzed in the respect of optimal control theory and revised so that its estimation accuracy is enhanced. If we apply this proposed approach to optic motion capture systems, we can obtain additional advantages that motion capture can be performed without any markers, and with low cost in the respect of equipments and spaces.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

Due to spread of movies or online games which are applied with computer animation techniques, we can easily see scenes where numerous characters appear. In the case of large-scale crowd animation, if one were to increase reality of the scene, features of system would be lowered, and if one were to increase functioning of system, reality of the scene would be lowered. In realizing large-scale crowd animation with seafloor environment as background, the paper analyzed and applied elements that affect behavioral types of fishes; and by using concept of crowd, the paper enabled each group or object to control their behavioral type; by comparing and contrasting real-time calculation method as calculation method for animation and hybrid calculation method which is mixed calculation method, the paper seeks to find a method that increases functioning of the system while also expresses natural scenes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.83-96
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• 2008

Digital production method in animation has enabled us to reconstruction the real world in the way we had sought in visual all. However, spectator's visual desire is not satisfied with mere photographic visual reconstruction. It demands traditional picturesque qualify with involves a great deal of contingencies and errors. Naturally, Digital film technology has also sometimes tried to simulate analogue technique such as hand drawing so on. This is not caused by nostalgia, but by recursive instinct. The spectator's visual desire for media doesn't remain only precision of real world but require mental demand on successive visual and perceptive errors while repealing ripeness of new media and going through perception and recognition. This spectator's desire and visual art technology pursuits variously its visual perfection in history.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.44
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• pp.211-233
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• 2016

Fairy tales starting with the phrase 'Once upon a time' have been told throughout generations to generations. These stories of the past started with the history of mankind, and are constantly recreated under the names of legends, fables and myths. Through understanding the archetypes frequently occurring in legends and story telling techniques used to visualize them, the possibility of better recreation of stories and animations are sought. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the original form of archetypical Jeju epic dance lyrics are adjusted accordingly to meet the author's intention as it transforms into the modern animation 'Oneuli' By this comparative analysis, the utilization of archetypes and mythic motifs in the creation of animation are expected to enhance the interactions with the audiences beyond the border and age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.57-67
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• 2006

The motion effect of animation can be maximized by using the intended number of frame(flickering phenomena) responding to the viewer's perception in the production processes. But, the high contrast of chroma in a color arrangement can cause very dangerous situation if a particular effect(scheduled number of frame for the intended rapid flickering in a zoom-in scene of the warning light of police car and the traffic light) or a excessive visual stimulus is tried. The danger of flickering phenomena is defined as 'Flash Nervousness Attack Symptom' in medical terminology, which has received wide attention because the damage to the viewers of Pocket Monster was very serious in Japan. Producing a piece of animation work, the quality control of colors is important but the color setting considering the psychological aspects, the danger of repetitive flickering of flashes and patterns in image effect are more serious, so these factors should be checked in the production stages. After investigating the domestic and foreign prescriptions including the guidelines for animation production technique in Japan, a solution to reduce the danger of flickering phenomena of color and light was suggested through statistical comparative analysis with the test results.