• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2000

This study focuses on the investigation of the effects of windspeed and particle size on the dust control characteristics inside a test dome built in the Port of Inchon to reduce the fugitive dust originating from the handling of animal feed stuff in the open pile area. The flow field inside the test dome and the trajectories of the particles were calculated using a commercial CFD code, FLUENT, assuming that the animal feed stuff handling activity took place inside the test dome. It was found from the simulation results that high windspeed and small particle size give rise to the increase in both the escaped fraction and the suspended fraction of the particles emitted from the animal feed stuff handing activity. Here, high escaped fraction represents the high possibility of fugitive dust problem outside the test dome, whereas high suspended fraction means the high possibility of severe dust pollution inside the test dome. Ore simulation results clearly show that the existing test dome was not designed properly to meet the proposed goal, low escaped fraction and low suspended fraction. Hence, we suggest the need of an efficient ventilation system inside the dome to control the dust.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.967-976
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• 1996

Straw and other fibrous by-products are inevitably produced during cereal production and have traditionally been used for many purposes including feeding animals . The potential of these by -products as a feed resource for ruminants is being increasingly appreciated (FAO , 1977). In the future, the amount of cereals fed to farm animals will have to be reduced and livestock will have to rely more on by-products such as straw. The method of animal production can be classified by the major portion of feed. One is animal forage and the other is grains. In Korea , livestock farmers normally depend more than 70% upon grains for the feed stuff. The livestock production system causes the unbalance of nutrition, and results in low productivity of animal farming. In many livestock farms in Korea the rice straw is using as a major forage and the amount of rice straw fed takes 46% of total amount of required forages. Especially the rice straw is mainly using during spring, fall and winte season. However, there are still lots of problems to solved such as harvesting cost, transportation between rice farm ad livestock farm, and quality loss during drying and storage . Therefore the mechanization of straw harvesting is urgently needed to use the renewable agricultural by-products and to overcome the shortage of animal forage. The objective of this research is to develope a straw harvester with new concept which can solve the problems of the quality loss and the labor cost during drying in a field, collecting , and storage. The developed straw harvester is self-propelled machine rebuilt by rice combine and equipped with the pick-up device, the macerater and the mat-forming device.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of replacing soybean meal with perilla seed meal (PSM) on growth performance, proximate composition of meat, meat quality, and fatty acids composition of meat in broilers. A total of 60 one-day-old chicks of ROSS 308 (initial body weight of 44.8 ± 0.4 g) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (15 replicate cages with 1 broilers per cage) in a period of 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included control (CON) basal diet (corn-soybean meal-based diets) and test diets in which PSM was included at 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), or 2% (T3) to gradually replace soybean meal. At the end of experiment, all broilers were slaughtered for collecting breast and thigh meat. At 5 weeks, T2 and T3 treatment groups had higher (p < 0.05) body weights than CON and T1 treatment groups. Weight gain was increased (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 treatment groups. Feed intake was decreased (p < 0.05) in T3 treatment group. Broilers in T2 treatment group had lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than those in other treatment groups. In proximate composition of breast meat, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in moisture and ash. Fat composition of breast meat was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in T2 and T3 treatment groups. Regarding meat quality, broilers fed T3 diet had higher (p < 0.05) water holding capacity than those fed other diets. Regarding fatty acids composition of thigh meat, broilers fed T3 diet had higher (p < 0.05) linolenic acid than those fed other diets. In conclusion, soybean meal replaced by 2% perilla seed meal in broiler diet can improve growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acids composition of thigh meat in broilers. Perilla seed meal can be a lot of potential alternatives feedstuff for soybean meal in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E4호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2001

Simple mass balance method was developed to estimate the contribution of two major fugitive dust sources in the Port of Incheon to a nearby residential area in this study. Using the relatively small number of TSP data as well as the data on mass fraction of Fe and organic materials in the sampled dust, our simplified method demonstrated its ability to estimate the contribution of each fugitive source to a specific location including the residential area with relatively reasonable accuracy. It is clear from this simple method can be applied to the situation where two major fugitive dust sources are responsible for the high TSP concentration around the source area and there are clear marker chemicals representing the characteristics of the fugitive dust sources.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.19.1-19.10
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• 2017

Background: To reduce use of main feed ingredient like corn, soy bean meal (SBM) and wheat, alternative ingredients has been studied like copra meal (CM). Production amount of CM which has been high makes CM to be an alternative feed stuff. However, low digestibility on AA and low energy content by high fiber content can be an obstacle for using CM. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of CM supplementation with ${\beta}$-mannanase on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, pork quality and economic analysis in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 100 growing pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) averaging $31.22{\pm}2.04kg$ body weight were allotted to 5 different treatments by weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in 5 replicate with 4 pigs per pen. Treatments were 1) Control (corn-SBM based diet + 0.1% of ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 2) CM10 (10% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 3) CM15 (15% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 4) CM20 (20% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)) and 5) CM25 (25% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)). Four phase feeding program was used: growing I (week 1-3), growing II (week 4-6), finishing I (week 7-9) and finishing II (week 10-12). Results: In growth performance, there was no significant difference among treatments during whole experimental period. In growingI phase, G:F ratio tended to increase when CM was increased (P = 0.05), but ADG and ADFI tended to decrease in finishingII phase (linear, P = 0.08). Also, increasing CM reduced ADG (linear, P = 0.02) and feed efficiency (linear, P = 0.08) during the whole finishing period. In blood profiles, BUN was linearly increased as CM increased (linear, P = 0.02) at growingII period. In digestibility trial, there was no significant difference in dry matter, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen digestibility. However, crude protein digestibility was decreased linearly (linear, P = 0.02). In economic analysis, feed cost per weight gain and total feed cost per pig were reduced in overall period when CM was provided by 25% (linear, P = 0.02). Conclusion: CM with 0.1% of ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU) could be supplemented instead of corn and SBM up to 25% without detrimental effects on growth performance and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

축산물 생산은 집약적 사육환경으로 인한 각종 병원균이 내재한 가운데 이루어지고 있어 항생제 및 각종 사료첨가제등의 사용이 날로 증가해왔다. 한편, 축산물의 안전성에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 농축산물 생산에 있어서 안전성 확보에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 특수발효 미생물을 이용하여 복합미량원소(Se, Ge, Zn, S)를 강화시킨 점토광물질 발효 산물이 돈육의 생산성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 Large White와 Yorkshire 교잡종 80두를 대조구와 실험구로 임의 배치해 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 점토광물질 발효산물을 사료 내 0.3% 첨가 급여했을 때 사료섭취량 및 증체량, 사료효율, 도체의 pH, 육색의 명도와 대퇴부의 밝기 등은 일반사료를 급여한 군과 비슷하였으나, 지육율은 2.7%, 도체육의 적색도는 12%, 보수력은 10% 개선되고 가열감량은 6% 감소하였다. 또한 면역기능조절효과를 조사하기 위해 비육돈의 혈액을 채취하여 혈액 내 말초혈액단핵세포의 증식 및 cytokine 분비 능을 조사한 결과, PBMC는 증식정도가 유의하게 증가하였고, LPS와 Con A를 처리하였을 때 대조구에 비해 더욱 뚜렷이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. cytokine의 분비량도 TNF-${\alpha}$의 경우 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 양이온 치환능력이 높고 원적외선 수치가 높은 점토광물 발효산물을 급여함으로써 면역능력이 강화되어 항생제를 사용하지 않고도 안전성 높은 고품질 친환경 돈육을 생산할 수 있는 가능성이 시사되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

크릴새우의 고액분리효율을 규명하기 위하여 크릴새우를 해빙시킨 다음 고액분리기만 사용하였을 경우, 솔 (Brush) 분쇄기 또는 날 분쇄기로 크릴새우를 분쇄한 후 고액분리기를 사용하여 효율을 측정하였을 경우로 나누어 수행하였다. 고액분리기만으로 분리한 경우와 솔분쇄기와 날분쇄기로 분쇄한 후 고액 분리기를 적용한 결과 3차 시험에서 분리효율은 각각 46.2%, 60.2%, 60.4%를 나타내었다. 고액분리기만을 사용하였을 경우보다 날 분쇄기와의 조합에서 분리효율의 증가는 2차 시험에서 10.1%, 3차 시험에서 14.2%로 각각 나타났고, 처리용량은 4.2kg/min으로 되었다. 고액분리 전에 날분쇄기로 분쇄한 후 고액분리기로 분리하는 것이 이상적이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Livestock industry requires alternatives of antibiotics to prevent environmental pollution and to maintain public health. We herein report on an effective method to reduce ammonia from livestock manure, and confirmed environmentally-friendly livestock production by adding three types of yeast probiotics, Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59, into the feed stuff, separately and/or mixed, and these three types of yeasts were administered to the Hy-line brown layers for 8 weeks. Compared with control, the laying performance, the egg quality, and the number of intestinal lactic acid producing bacteria of the treated group were improved and/or increased significantly. Pichia anomala SKM-T potently reduced ammonia production from poultry manure, and the other strains were also able to reduce the ammonia from it. The optimum condition for the reduction of ammonia with Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 was obtained by using the augmented centroid-simplex design. The ratio of optimum condition was Pichia farinosa SKM-1:Pichia anomala SKM-T:Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59=0.295:0.209:0.080, and the estimate was -123.36 (p=0.0l38). An ability to reduce the ammonia production from livestock manure was maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.981-986
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• 2000

수산물 제조를 위한 가공공정 중 발생하는 부산물 양은 전체 원료의 30~35%정도를 차지하나 일부만이 식품원료로 재 이용되고 대부분이 사료로 이용되거나 폐기물로 버려지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이들 부산물의 이용성을 증대시키기 위한 일환으로 기능성 향상 및 제품화를 위 한 기초적인 자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 먼저, 참치 가공 부산물을 어피살, 어피, 꼬리, 혈합육, 복육으로 분류하여 일반성분을 조사한 결과에서 조단백질은 26.31%로 어피에서 비교적 많았으며 나머지 부위에서는 21% 내외였다. 조지방도 어피에서 15.58%로 가장 높게 함유되어 있었으나 혈합육에서는 0.75%로 낮게 함유되어 있었다. 특수성분 중 vitamin C의 경우에 복육(175.56 mg/ kg)에서, vitamin B$_1$, B$_2$의 경우는 혈합육(4.26 mg/ kg, 3.09 mg/kg)에 많이 함유되어 있었고 불포화 지방산은 어피살과 꼬리에 많이 함유되어 있었고 특히, 고도 불포화지방산인 DHA(C22 : 6 $\omega$ -3)와 EPA(C22 : 6 $\omega$ -3)는 어피살과 어피에 많았다. 이들 유용 성분에 대하여 참치의 일반적인 가공처리 공정인 자숙 후 지방산 함량 변화는 어피살과 혈합육의 15-methylhexadecanoic acid(i-17 : 0)가 증가되었으며 어피에서는 3-hydroxytetra-decanoic acid (3-OH 14 : 0), heptadecanoic acid(17 : 0), 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (2-OH 16 : 0), nonadeca-noic acid(19 : 0) 등이 새로이 검출되었고 혈합육은 DHA와 EPA가 변화가 적었고 어피에서는 DHA의 변화가 적었으나 EPA가 검출되지 않았고, 꼬리에서는 DHA와 EPA가 검출되지 않았다.