• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1678-1683
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• 2014

This study considers a problem of genomic selection (GS) for adjacent genetic markers of Yorkshire pigs which are typically correlated. The GS has been widely used to efficiently estimate target variables such as molecular breeding values using markers across the entire genome. Recently, GS has been applied to animals as well as plants, especially to pigs. For efficient selection of variables with specific traits in pig breeding, it is required that any such variable selection retains some properties: i) it produces a simple model by identifying insignificant variables; ii) it improves the accuracy of the prediction of future data; and iii) it is feasible to handle high-dimensional data in which the number of variables is larger than the number of observations. In this paper, we applied several variable selection methods including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), fused LASSO and elastic net to data with 47K single nucleotide polymorphisms and litter size for 519 observed sows. Based on experiments, we observed that the fused LASSO outperforms other approaches.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2006

Animal feedstuff handling is one of the major fugitive dust sources in the port of Incheon. For the effective control of fugitive dusts emitting from the port of Incheon, dust control facilities with bag filter systems should be designed properly considering the characteristic of the fugitive dusts including those from animal feedstuffs. The ultimate goal of this study is thus to develop the optimum fugitive dust control system which will be applicable for the renovation of the port. As the first step to achieve this longstanding goal, filtration characteristics of soybean shell, the largest dust sources in the port, were investigated with the specially designed filter testing apparatus for this study. The variables tested for the experiments included filter materials, dust concentrations, relative humidities, and filtration velocities. Also, the filtration characteristics of the other animal feedstuffs such as sunflower seed shell, tapioca, and palm shell were investigated to determine $K_2$ as a function of filtration velocity. The information on $K_2$ will be used to design the optimum bag filter systems for animal feedstuffs handling in the port.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with type II diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downreguates a resistin. Resistin gene expression is induced during adipocyte differentiation and resistin polypeptide is secreted by adipocytes. But, the correlation between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin CDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$^{TM}$-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microin- jection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F$_1$mice by RT-PCR. The transgenic mouse with resistin gene expression has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, in fasting group, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group. This result demonstrates that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes caused by insulin resistance of resistin.n.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide information and data for the management of insect breeding farms by identifying the appropriate density when rearing Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. The breeding box of the insects was filled with 2 L of fermented sawdust on a 50 × 35 × 15 cm sheet of plastic, and the density of the treatments was 200, 300 and 400 P. brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the sawdust medium was replaced three times (10 intervals). The experiments were conducted for a total of 30 days from March 1, 2020. Overall, 200 P.brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages reared in the breeding box had a higher average survival rate and lower average mortality rate, thereby contributing to efficient production. In conclusion, this result suggests a way to increase production efficiency through the environmental management of insect breeding farms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1284-1291
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• 2022

The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, and clinical treatment of MRSA infections has become extremely difficult. Sortase A (SrtA), a virulence determinant that anchors numerous virulence-related proteins to the cell wall, is a prime druggable target against S. aureus infection due to its crucial role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Here, we demonstrate that isovitexin, an active ingredient derived from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines, can reversibly inhibit SrtA activity in vitrowith a low dose (IC₅₀=24.72 ㎍/ml). Fluorescence quenching and molecular simulations proved the interaction between isovitexin and SrtA. Subsequent point mutation experiments further confirmed that the critical amino acid positions for SrtA binding to isovitexin were Ala-92, Ile-182, and Trp-197. In addition, isovitexin treatment dramatically reduced S. aureus invasion of A549 cells. This study shows that treatment with isovitexin could alleviate pathological injury and prolong the life span of mice in an S. aureus pneumonia model. According to our research, isovitexin represents a promising lead molecule for the creation of anti-S. aureus medicines or adjuncts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.162-176
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• 2019

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yogurt fermented at low temperature and the anti-inflammatory effect it has on induced colitis with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Yogurt premix were fermented with a commercial starter culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at different temperatures: $22^{\circ}C$ (low fermentation temperature) for 27 h and $37^{\circ}C$ (general fermentation temperature) for 12 h. To measure antioxidant activity of yogurt samples, DPPH, $ABTS^+$ and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays were conducted. For animal experiments, inflammation was induced with 2.5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Yogurt fermented at low temperature showed higher antioxidant activity than that of the yogurt fermented at general temperature. In the inflammatory study, IL-6 (interleukin 6) was decreased and IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly in DSS group with yogurt fermented at general temperature (DYG) and that with yogurt fermented at low temperature (DYL) compared to that in DSS-induced colitic mice (DC), especially DYL had higher concentration of cytokines IL-4, and IL-10 than DYG. MPO (myeloperoxidase) tended to decrease more in treatments with yogurt than DC. Additionally, yogurt fermented at low temperature had anti-inflammatory activity, although there was no significant difference with general temperature-fermented yogurt (p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.579-587
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• 2013

A total of 288 crossbred (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) growing pigs were used in two experiments to investigate the effects of adding ${\beta}$-mannanase to corn-soybean meal-based diets on pig performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Both experiments lasted 28 d and were split into two phases namely 1 to 14 days (phase 1) and 15 to 28 days (phase 2). In Exp. 1,144 pigs weighing $23.60{\pm}1.59$ kg BW were assigned to one of four corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 200, 400 or 600 U/kg ${\beta}$-mannanase. Increasing the level of ${\beta}$-mannanase increased weight gain (quadratic effect; p<0.01) and feed efficiency (linear and quadratic effect; p<0.01) during the second phase and the overall experiment. However, performance was unaffected (p>0.05) by treatment during phase 1. Increasing the amount of ${\beta}$-mannanase in the diet improved (linear and quadratic effect; p<0.05) the ATTD of CP, NDF, ADF, calcium, and phosphorus during both phases. Based on the results of Exp. 1, the optimal supplementation level was determined to be 400 U/kg and this was the level that was applied in Exp. 2. In Exp. 2, 144 pigs weighing $23.50{\pm}1.86$ kg BW were fed diets containing 0 or 400 U/kg of ${\beta}$-mannanase and 3,250 or 3,400 kcal/kg digestible energy (DE) in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. ${\beta}$-Mannanase supplementation increased (p<0.01) weight gain and feed efficiency while the higher energy content increased (p<0.01) feed intake and feed efficiency during both phases and overall. Increased energy content and ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation both increased (p<0.05) the ATTD of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, phosphorus, and GE during both phases. There were no significant interactions between energy level and ${\beta}$-mannanase for any performance or digestibility parameter. In conclusion, the ${\beta}$-mannanase used in the present experiment improved the performance of growing pigs fed diets based on corn and soybean. The mechanism through which the improvements were obtained appears to be related to improvements in ATTD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2000

Four young swamp buffalo cows of similar age ranging in body weight (W) between 280 to 380 kg and trained for doing physical exercise were used in two consecutive experiments, each using a latin square design, to determine energy expenditure for draught. The experiments consisted of field trials using 4 levels of work load, i.e. no work as control and loads amounting 450 to 500 Newton (N) continuous traction for respectively 1, 2 and 3 h daily for 14 consecutive days for experiment 1, and no work, traction loads equaling 5, 10 and 15% of W for 3 h daily for 14 days for experiment 2. Heart rate during rest and exercise was monitored using PE-3000 HR monitor. Cows were fed only king grass (Penisetum purpuroides) ad libitum and were subjected to balance trials. Body composition was estimated in vivo by the body density method and daily energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from ME minus RE. RE was calculated from the changes in body-protein and -fat measured before and immediately after the 14 d experimental period assuming an energy equivalent of 39.32 MJ/kg fat and 20.07 MJ/kg protein. $E_{exercise}$ ($EE_{work}\;-\;EE_{resting}$), which was the energy spent for doing the traction during 1, 2 and 3 h was 7.13, 15.45 and 19.90 MJ, respectively. $EE_{work}$ for the 1 h treatment group was 39.75 MJ/d equivalent to 1.30 times $EE_{resting}$. The values for the 2 and 3 h treatment groups were 1.75 and 1.86 times resting energy requirement, respectively. Absolute efficiency of work in all exercise trials of experiment 2 was around 27.28%. The increases of daily $E_{exercise}$ values were correlated to elevation of heart rate (HR) according to the equation $E_{exercise}=(0.270HR^{0.363}\;-\;1)$ MJ, while draught force related to heart rate according to the equation DF (N)=6.66 HR - 361.62. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were gradually elevated with time during the course of exercise. Mean values of blood glucose were 91.7, 115.0 and 116.2 mg/dl for cows after 1, 2 and 3 h pulling loads at 15% W respectively as compared to 88.2 mg/dl prior to work. In the same order and treatment, mean blood triglyceride concentrations were 13.5, 13.3 and 14.8 mg/dl, and 11.5 mg/dl for control. For blood lactate, the values were 1.68, 1.63 and 1.66 mM, and 0.80 mM for control. Glucose was used as the major source of energy during the initial phase of exercise, but for prolonged work, fat will replace carbohydrate as the main substrate. Accumulation of lactate persisted for some time at the end of the exercise trials.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing different levels of kaolin (Exp. 1) and effects of age of layers and levels of kaolin (Exp. 2) on the performance, egg and shell quality parameters of laying hens. In Exp.1, 64 laying hens of 58 wks age were randomly allotted to 4 treatments of 16 hens in each. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% kaolin. In Exp. 2 96 laying hens were divided into 6 groups of 16 hens each in a 2 ${\times}$ 3 factorial arrangement (two different ages, 30 and 58 wk and three levels of kaolin, 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4%). In both the experiment there were linear decreases in feed intake (P<0.001), improvement in FCR (P<0.05), and egg production (P<0.05), with increasing dietary kolin level. Supplementation of kaolin had no effect on the egg and shell quality parameters in both experiments. Thus, it is concluded that kaolin may improve performance, and 0.2% level showed the best laying performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1991-2000
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• 2018

Objective: Triplet-born lambs are less likely to survive to weaning than twin-born or single-born lambs. Appropriate ewe-lamb bonding behaviours and lamb vigour behaviours are necessary for survival of lambs. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether maternal nutrition during late pregnancy influenced behaviour of the ewe and her lambs soon after birth, and to determine whether mid-pregnancy body condition score (BCS) influenced any behavioural response. Methods: The experiments included ewes that were in BCS 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 in mid-pregnancy and were fed either ad libitum or to pregnancy-maintenance requirements in late-pregnancy (day 115 until 136 in experiment one, and day 128 until 141 in experiment two). The time taken for lambs to stand, contact dam, suck from dam and follow dam was recorded three to 18 h after birth. The number of high- and low-pitched bleats emitted by the ewe and lambs was recorded, along with maternal behaviour score (MBS) of the ewe. Lambs in experiment two underwent a maternal-recognition test at 12 or 24 h. Results: There were significant effects of feeding treatment on bleating behaviour of ewes and lambs, but these were inconsistent among BCS groups and between experiments. Lamb vigour behaviours were not affected by feeding treatment. In experiment one, there was no effect of feeding treatment or BCS on MBS, but in experiment two, ewes in BCS3 in mid-pregnancy had greater MBS than ewes in BCS2 in mid-pregnancy (MBS 3.1/5 vs MBS 2.1/5; p<0.05). Conclusion: Given there were no repeatable effects on behaviour of ewes and lambs, ad libitum feeding rather than feeding for pregnancy-maintenance requirements cannot be used to improve behaviours soon after birth of triplet-bearing ewes in BCS 2-3 and their lambs in extensive pastoral conditions.