• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2011

The current study investigated the friction property of angle and width effect for micro-scale grooved crosshatch pattern on SKD11 steel surface against bearing steel using pin-on-disk type. The samples fabricated by photolithography process and then these are carry out the electrochemical etching process. We discuss the friction property due to the influence of a hatched-angle and a width of groove on contact surface. We could be explained the lubrication mechanism for a Stribeck curve. So It was found that the friction coefficient depend on an angle of the crosshatch on contact surface. It was thus verified that micro-scale crosshatch grooved pattern could affect the friction reduction. Also, it is play an important a width of groove to be improved the friction property. I was found that friction property has a relationship between a width and an angle for micro-grooved pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.33-47
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to examine the correlation between calcaneus to tibia angle and Q-angle, and the effects of step width and toe out angle on the calcaneus to tibia angle and Q-angle. The age of participated subjects was from 19 to 29 years(Mean=22.95, SD=2.23) who have no significant orthopedic and neurological dysfunction. The marking tapes for measurement of Q-angle and calcaneus to tibia angle were placed on seven location of each subject. Video data were collected while the subject walked on a walking grid. The result as follows : 1. There were significant differences in the step width, toe out angle, and Q-angle but not calcaneus to tibia angle between male and female. 2. There were significant differences in toe calcaneus to tibia angle and Q-angle n step width increased, respectively. 3. There were significant differences between tee out angle and calcaneus to tibia angle but not toe out angle and q-angle. 4. There was statistically significant correlation between calcaneus to tibia angle and Q-angle.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.80-91
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects and visual images by variations in shoulder angle and shoulder width of power shoulder jacket. The stimuli are 5 samples: One control group, 2 variations of the angle of shoulder line and 2 variations of the width of shoulder line. The data has been obtained from 87 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the Correlation Analysis. The results of the study are as follows: The visual images by the angle and the width of shoulder line of power shoulder jacket are composed of 4 factors : attention, stiffness and softness, masculinity, and trendiness. Among these factors, attention factor is estimated by the most important factor. The visual effects by the angle and the width of shoulder line of power shoulder jacket are composed of 3 factors : whole silhouette, neck and arm figure, upper body figure. In these factors, the whole silhouette is estimated by the most important factor. The power shoulder jacket with extreme changes in shoulder angle has double images: it looks trendy and classy but also gives an awkward image. In case of changes in shoulder width, the visual evaluation shows big differences with the degree of expansion. The visual evaluation with variation in angle has stronger image and effect than that in width. The power shoulder jacket trend itself is also evaluated that variation in angle reflects the trend better than that in width.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2007

In this paper, the FEM(Finite Element Method) has been applied to understand the geometrical characteristics and to analyze the stress of a helical gear. The helical gear is simulated and analyzed by adding many thin spur gear with helix angles and twist angles. Helical gears with different helix angle and face width have been studied. The results show that the root fillet stress is increased proportionally to helix angle and face width. Namely, as the face width increases, root fillet stress decreases, and as helix angle gets bigger, root fillet stress increases.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1988

To classify the foot type, direct measurements, metatarso-phalanx angle and foot print angle of the right and left foot were measured and analyzed. The results are as follows. 1. The correlation coefficients between right and left foot were high degree, and except medial malleous height, the diffences between right and left foot are not significant. 2. The correlation coefficient among direct measurements of the foot are high degree, tut the correlation coefficients between direct measurements and metatarso-phalanx angle and foot print angle are no or low degree. Therefore, to recognize the foot type, the direct measurements, metatarso-phalanx angle and foot print angle need to be measured independently. 3. According to foot width/foot $length{\times}100$ which is the slender degree of foot, three groups are distinguished: one is slender type of which foot width/foot $length{\times}100$ is less than $40.14\%$, two is standard type of which foot width/foot $length{\times}100$ is $40.14\%{\~}44.30\%$, three is broad type of which foot width/foot $length{\times}100$ is more than $44.30\%$. 4. On the photographs metatarso-phalanx angle was measured, and two groups are distinguished: one is normal type of which the metatarso-phalanx angle is more than $160^{\circ}$ and the other is the deformed type of which the metatarso-Phalanx angle is less than $159^{\circ}$. 5. By foot print angle $30^{\circ}$ which need reformation of the foot, two groups are distinguished: one is normal foot print angle of which the angle is more than $30^{\circ}$ and the other is flat foot print angle of which the angle is less than $30^{\circ}$. 6. Classifications by foot width/foot $length{\times}100$, metatarso-Phalanx angle and foot Print angle are put together, and then foot types are classified into 12 groups such as Table 11.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2006

The treatment plan for orthognathic surgery must be based on accurate predictions, and this can be produced the most esthetic, functional and stable results. The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of the gonial angle and the mandibular width change after the mandibular setback surgery in the mandibular prognathic patients. Twenty patients were selected who received orthognathic surgery after presurgical orthodontic treatment. The patients with skeletal and dental Class III malocclusion were operated upon with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and mandibular setback. The lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively, postoperative 1 day and 12 months later after the orthognathic surgery, and then the gonial angle and mandibular width were measured. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS/PC program. The gonial angle at postoperative 1 day was decreased about $5.3^{\circ}$ than preoperative value and the gonial angle at postoperative 12 months was increased about $1.4^{\circ}$ than postoperative 1 day. So the gonial angle at postoperative 12 months was decreased about $3.9^{\circ}$ than preoperative value. The mean preoperative gonial angle was $125.35^{\circ}{\pm}7.36$, showing significantly high value than normal and mean gonial angle at postoperative 12 months was $121.45^{\circ}{\pm}6.81$, showing value near to normal. The mandibular width at postoperative 1 day was decreased about 1.1 mm than preoperative value and the mandibular width at postoperative 12 months was more decreased about 1.7 mm than postoperative 1 day. So the mandibular width at postoperative 12 months was decreased about 2.8 mm than preoperative value. These results indicate that sagittal split ramus osteotomy in mandibular prognathic patients with high gonial angle is effective to improvement of gonial angle. It is considered to be helpful for maintenance of postoperative stable gonial angle area that detailed postoperative care and follow-up.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2011

This study evaluated the effects of the handle width(shoulder width, 1.25${\times}$shoulder width, 1.5${\times}$shoulder width), height(3 levels : knee, medium, knuckle) and horizontal angle($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$) on the pushing, lifting, and twisting strengths which were required for carrying single or two wheel barrows. Twelve healthy college students(male) participated in the experiment. In each experimental condition($3{\times}3{\times}2$=18), the subjects exerted three forces(pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise). The experimental conditions and three forces were tested in random order, and a minimum 2 minutes of rest was provided between exertions. Results showed that the mean and maximum pushing forces showed greater values when the horizontal angle was $0^{\circ}$ than $10^{\circ}$(p=0.016). However, the three independent variables had no statistically significant effects on the lifting forces(p>0.1). The mean and maximum twisting forces increased as the handle width became larger(p<0.05). Also, there was a marginal effect of the horizontal angle(p=0.065) on the twisting force. From the results of this study, the horizontal angle of $0^{\circ}$ and the wider handle width were suggested for the design of single-wheel barrows.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1999

The quadriceps angle (Q angle) has been used to reflect the quadriceps muscle's force on the patella in the frontal plane. Previous investigations of the Q angle and it's relationship to knee disorders have yield equivocal results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the Q angle and it's relation to other variables such as leg length, body weight, CTA (calcaneus to tibia angle), TOA (toe out angle), and pelvic width in normal subjects. The participants were 60 students (30 men and 30 women) who had no orthopedic and neurological impairments, aged from 20 to 29 years of age, with an average age of 22.1 years. Prior to participation, each subject was informed of the procedures of the experiment from a researcher and assistant researchers. The equipment used in this study were modified standard goniometer, ruler, marking pen, and Martin apparatus for pelvic width. In order to determine the statistical significance of the experiment, regression analysis, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation were used at the 0.05 level. The results were as follows: 1) It was found that the Q angle of women is greater than that of men's from both knees. 2) There was no significant difference between right and left quadriceps angle. 3) The Q angle decreased as the body weight (leg length) shifted from low to high. 4) It seems that factors related to the Q angle were body weight, CTA, and pelvic width, but there was no significant difference at the 0.05 level.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find the proper width of fabric which can bring high efficiency on productivity. We focus on the marking method by comparing and analyzing the marking efficiency of A-line skirt. This study employs 4 criteria to mark the A-line skirt, which are cutting method, angle, width, and direction, respectively. There can be 2 different cutting methods(fold pattern and add seam pattern at the front and back center line), and 2 different angles(warp angle and bias angle). Also, width of the fabric can be classified into 2 groups(110cm, 150cm), and marking direction can be grouped into 2(one direction marker and one direction per each size marker). These 4 criteria make 16($2^*2^*2^*2$) cases for this study. Main findings are follows. First, the skirt with folded at the center line had higher efficiency rate than the skirt with add seam at the center line. Second, the skirt with the 150cm width has higher efficiency rate than that of 110cm. Third, fixing the warp angle has higher efficiency rate than that of fixing the bias angle at the front and back center line. Finally, one direction per each size marker has much higher efficiency than the one direction marker.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 1997

The hoof parameters - hoof angle, toe length, heel length, hoof width, hoof length, heel width, hoof circumference - of 1372 Thoroughbred racehorses in Seoul racecourse were measured. Each parameter was compared with the racing time. The parameters were as follows: fore hoof angle $50.1{\pm}0.09^{\circ}$, hind hoof angle $50.1{\pm}0.08^{\circ}$; fore toe fength $82.8{\pm}0.21mm$, hind toe length $88.8{\pm}0.23mm$; fore heel length $28.6{\pm}0.19mm$, hind heel length $24.5{\pm}0.19mm$; fore hoof width $130.9{\pm}0.30mm$, hind hoof width $125.7{\pm}0.28mm$; fore hoof length $133.3{\pm}0.22mm$, hind hoof length $28.1{\pm}0.22mm$; fore heel width $61.2{\pm}0.32mm$, hind heel width $67.9{\p}0.35mm$; fore hoof circumference $264.2{\pm}0.48mm$, hind hoof circumference $253.8{\pm}0.40mm$. Apart from the hoof angle, the hoof parameters increased in proportion to the body weight. The parameters of forelimbs affected the racing time more than those of hindlimbs. The correlation between hoof parameters and racing time was shown more in short-distance race (1000M) than in long-distance race(2200M). The parameters that had correlation with racing time were hoof width, hoof length, heel width of forelimbs and heel width of hindlimbs.