• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

The widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based solutions have been proven effective for bowel preparation when 4 L of the solution is administered before colonoscopy. However, large volumes of the solutions are generally poorly tolerated. A new PEG-based solution consisting of 2 L of PEG and a high dose of ascorbic acid has recently become available. Electrolyte abnormalities caused by PEG-based solutions have rarely been reported. We report on a case of acute severe hyponatremia with associated generalized tonic-clonic seizures after bowel preparation with a low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid solution in a 74-year-old woman with no history of seizures. She took a beta blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and glimepiride for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She showed general weakness, nausea, agitation, muscle cramping, and seizures after ingestion of the PEG plus ascorbic acid solution. Her serum sodium level was 112 mEq/L. Her symptoms improved after intravenous administration of hypertonic saline. Physicians should pay attention to screening for electrolytes and development of neurological symptoms during bowel preparation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2011

To develop health food and alternative medicine, water and ethanol extracts from Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar) fruiting body were prepared, and its physiological functionalities were investigated. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity from water extract was showed higher of 60.5% than ethanol extract and SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were also showed 24.1% and 23.0%, respectively. The other functionalities were very low or not detected. The maximal ACE inhibitory activity (80.5%) was obtained when the fruiting body of Hypsizygus marmoreus was extracted with distilled water (dilution 1 : 30) at $50^{\circ}C$ for 12 h.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.390-395
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• 1996

To investigate whether $AT_{1}$ receptor antagonists are acting by increasing endothelium-de-pendent and -independent relaxation of aortas in normotensive rats, $AT_{1}$ receptor antagonists, losartan and KR-30988, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, were orally administered for two weeks (50 mg/kg, b.i.d.). THe blood pressure, heart rate and body weight were not significantly changed by losartan, KR-30988 and captopril compared to the control group. In aortic preparations, the $pD_{2}$ of KR-30988 for ACh-induced relaxation was 8.33 $\pm$ 0.16, significantly (p <0.05) lower than that of control group $(7.71 \pm 0.15)$. ACh-induced relaxation was significantly increased on losartan-treated group (p<0.01) at $10^{-6}$ M of ACh, and in captopril-treated group (p<0.05) at the range of $10^{-7}$ -$10^{-5}$ M of ACh. The $pD_{2}$ values for histamine-induced relaxatio of losartan, KR-30988 and captopril were 5.57 $\pm$ 0.10, 5.85 $\pm$ 0.21 and 5.60 $\pm$ 0.01, respectively, with significant differences in all groups (p<0.01) compared to that of control group (5.13 $\pm$ 0.09). ACh-induced relaxations of aortic preparations were not changed by pretreatment of indomethacin ($10_{-5}$ M), and completely bolcked by pretreatment of L-NAME $(10_{-5}M)$ in all groups. Sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations were not significantly changed by all drugs tested in this experiments. These results suggest that $AT_{1}$ receptor antagonists, losartan and KR-30988, enhance the endothelium-dependent relaxatio on aortic preparations through the release of, or increase sensitivity, to nitric oxide in nor-motensive rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.682-689
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• 2015

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum) has been reported to exert the inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme and aldose reductase. Recently, our group found that branch extracts of A. distichum (EAFAD-B) induce apoptosis through ATF3 activation in human colon cancer cells. However, anti-cancer reagents exert their activity through the regulation of various molecular targets. Therefore, the elucidation of potential mechanisms of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity may be necessary. To elucidate the potential mechanism of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity, we evaluated the regulation of cyclin D1 in human colon cancer cells. EAFAD-B decreased cellular accumulation of cyclin D1 protein. However, cyclin D1 mRNA was not changed by EAFAD-B. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in the cells treated with EAFAD-B. In addition, EAFAD-B induced cyclin D1 phosphorylation at threonine-286 and the point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Inhibitions of both ERK1/2 by PD98059 and NF-κB by a selective inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 suppressed cyclin D1 downregulation by EAFAD-B. From these results, we suggest that EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation may result from proteasomal degradation through its threonine-286 phosphorylation via ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB activation. The current study provides new mechanistic link between EAFAD-B and anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathologic effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) in children with diseases characterized by mesangial immunoglobulin A deposits such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic outcomes of 54 children (IgAN, 36; HSPN, 18) treated with CsA. The starting dose of CsA was 5 mg/kg per day, and it was administered in 2 divided doses. The degree of proteinuria and pathologic changes in renal biopsies were evaluated before and after CsA treatment. Results: The mean protein to creatinine ratio decreased from $3.7{\pm}1.5$ to $0.6{\pm}0.4$(P <0.001), and 32 (59.2%) children achieved complete remission of proteinuria after 1-year CsA treatment. Among the 54 children, 24 maintained normal renal function and 25 exhibited microscopic hematuria or proteinuria at the end of CsA treatment. In the HSPN group, 3 children whose initial biopsies indicated class IIIb disease showed class II disease on follow-up, and the follow-up biopsies of 2 children who had class II disease indicated the same class II disease. In the IgAN group, cortical tubular atrophy occurred in 1 child, and no child with IgAN had cortical interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy after 1-year CsA treatment. No significant complications were found in the children treated with CsA. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CsA treatment is effective and beneficial in reducing massive proteinuria and preventing progression to end-stage renal failure in children with glomerular diseases characterized by IgA deposits, such as IgAN and HSPN, within 1 year of treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.944-952
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• 2009

Purpose : To investigate the effects of angiotensin II inhibition on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the developing kidney, we tested the expression of EMT markers and nestin in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-treated kidneys. Methods : Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) or a vehicle for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (SMA), E-cadherin, vimentin, and nestin were performed. The number of positively-stained cells was determined under 100 magnification in 10 random fields. Results : In the enalapril-treated group, ${\alpha}SMA-positive$ cells were strongly expressed in the dilated tubular epithelial cells. The number of ${\alpha}SMA-positive$ cells in the enalapril-treated group increased in both the renal cortex and medulla, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The expression of E-cadherin-positive cells was dramatically reduced in the cortical and medullary tubular epithelial cells in the enalapril-treated group (P<0.05). The number of vimentin- and nestin-positive cells in the cortex was not different in comparisons between the two groups; however, their expression increased in the medullary tubulointerstitial cells in the enalapril-treated group (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results show that ACE inhibition in the developing kidney increases the renal EMT by up-regulating ${\alpha}SMA$ and down-regulating E-cadherin. Enalapril treatment was associated with increased expression of vimentin and nestin in the renal medulla, suggesting that renal medullary changes during the EMT might be more prominent, and ACE inhibition might differentially modulate the expression of EMT markers in the developing rat kidney.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2012

For development of new bioactive compounds from main edible mushrooms, we determined some physiological functionalities of water extracts from mushrooms. Among water extracts from some mushroom fruiting bodies, water extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus showed 73.2% of anti-hypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and 73.3% of anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity was also showed 21.5 mm of clear zone in water extract of Lyophyllum cinerascens. However, the other physiological functionalities were very weaked except 40.3% of antioxidant activity in Lentinus lepideus. Furthermore, the water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii and Lyophyllum cinerascens showed high anti-osteoporosis osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity. However, the water extract from Lentinus lepideus and Pleurotus ostreatus were not detected any osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.555-563
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• 1999

Background: Chronic cough is a common symptom that requires the systematic diagnostic approach for proper evaluation. Postnasal drip syndrome(PNDS), bronchial asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD), and chronic bronchitis are among the common causes. This study was conducted to evaluate the spectrum and the frequency of the causes of chronic cough. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 93 patients who had chronic cough despite normal chest radiographic finding. History and physical examination were done along with paranasal sinus radiograph, spirometry, bronchoprovocation test and 24-hours' ambulatory aesophageal pH monitoring as necessary. Results: Forty-nine(52%) of the 93 patients had PNDS, 15 patients(16%) bronchitis, 10 patients(11%) asthma, 4 patients (4%) GERD, 7 patients (8%) both PNDS and asthma, 4 patients (4%) undiagnosed condition and 4 patients(4%) were taking ACE inhibitor. Sixty-nine percent of the patients with PNDS improved after follow up, 73% patients with bronchitis, 80% patients with asthma, 50% patients with GERD, 100% patients with both PNDS and asthma, and 100% patients with ACE inhibitor. Conclusion: PNDS was the most common causes of chronic cough. Bronchitis was the second and asthma the third in frequency. The etiology of chronic cough can be determined easily by history and physical examination, successful therapy initiated in most patients. The response to specific therapy also was important in evaluation of chronic cough.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.319-326
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• 2003

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitor was isolated from beef by-products. The beef by- product hydrolysates prepared with various proteases were tested for the inhibitory effects against ACE. The proteases used were proteinase A from bakers yeast, protease type ⅩIII fungal and thermolysin. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed after hydrolysis for 12hrs(beef heart) and 24hrs(beef spleen), respectively. After gel filtration, IC50 value was 0.37mg/ml in beef heart and 1.84mg/ml in beef spleen. After RP-HPLC, the IC50 value of peak 1, peak 2, peak 3 and peak-4 were 0.28mg/ml, 0.26mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml and 0.35mg/ml, respectively. In the results of amino acid composition of peak 1, peak 2, peak 3 and peak 4, it was observed that peak 1 was consisted mainly of glycine and methionine, peak 2 was proline, cystine and methionine, peak 3 was proline and peak 4 was alanine, methionine and leucine. In conclusion, beef heart hydrolysate treated with thermolysin+ proteinase A was shown to have the highest inhibitory effect for 12hrs incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

A 9-month-old, female Miniature Pinscher(MP) dog weighing 1.97kg was presented because of periodic syncopal episode for 5 months. This case was diagnosed as primary dilated cardiomyopathy based on respiratory distress history, weak femoral pulse, generalized cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, marked dilation of left atrium(LA) and left ventricle(LV), decreased wall thickness of LV and interventricular septum(IVS), increased EPSS in echocardiography, and young age of onset in the absence of other cardiovascular disorders. The patient was stabilized by application of diuretics(Furosemide, 2 mg/kg, SC, q 1 hr) and venodilator(Nitroglycerine patch, 0.5 mg/kg, q 12 hrs). Clinical signs were improved with medical management of positive inotropic vasodilator(Pimobendan, 0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor(benazepril, 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs), potassium gluconate gel(2 mEq/dog, PO, q 12 hrs) and, L-carnitine(50 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs). The dog still maintains stable clinical status 10 months after the first visit. We report the rare case of DCM in small breed dog, which corresponds to the diagnosis and treatment of typical DCM in large breed dog.