• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

This study examined the mediation effect of life satisfaction between aggression and loneliness. The subjects were two hundred and eighty fifth-year elementary school and second-year middle school adolescents in Seoul. Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Pearson's correlation and regression. Major findings were as follows: First, when it comes to aggressiveness, the fifth graders showed a significantly higher degree of personal attack, whereas the eighth graders were found to show more expression of anger. The fifth graders scored higher than the eighth graders in each subcategory of life satisfaction. No significant difference was found in the category of loneliness. Second, the fifth graders showed a positive relationship among verbal attack, personal attach, expression of anger and loneliness, whereas the eighth graders showed a positive relationship between expression of anger and loneliness. The two age groups, in turn, also exhibited some differences in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction. Third, we found that life satisfaction is a complete parameter between aggressiveness and loneliness in the fifth graders. In the case of the eighth graders, life satisfaction turned out to be a partial parameter between aggressiveness and loneliness. This perhaps indicates that adolescents with similar levels of aggressiveness might show different degrees of loneliness, depending on whether they have positive attitudes toward their lives and whether they feel satisfied with their lives.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group forgiveness program for female elders who had deep and unfair personal hurt experiences from their social relationships. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. The sample was comprised of 20 elders, capable of verbal communication. Experimental and control groups composed of elders, each 2 elders dropped out of each group due to personal reasons. Experimental group completed a total of eight consecutive group forgiveness program sessions that combined listening and supportive techniques. Additionally, qualitative investigations were also done through interviews and observations. Following the intervention, experimental group experienced a significant improvement in degree of forgiveness(t=3.05, p<.01), anger(t=3.78, p<.01), anxiety(F=5.93, p<.05), depression(F=16.73, p<.01). Qualitative analysis also resulted that the elderly relationships were changing positively. This study implies that group forgiveness program was effective in improving elder's degree of forgiveness and reducing anger, anxiety and depression so that the participants were to value their whole life more.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.166-171
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• 2007

Like today there is to a world-wide anger time where the culture flow is active and the life style which it follows in soul re-and economic growth of information anger and brother-in-law both culture of the world and consuming pattern against the eating and drinking space of the people are demanding the change which is various. Per the Korean-style food space composition quality instance - investigation analysis it leads and per the Korean-style food store plan hour it presents the standard of the space composition it will be able to refer with per the Korean-style food space composition plan hour efficient and rational there is the objective of the place where it provides a fundamental data to direction set of new plan.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.714-723
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• 2007

Especially, the teenage period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally, needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and to keep a well-balanced mind through a balanced and nourishing diet. It is well known that the western style fast food is the most liked meal by teenagers. Wrong recognition about fast food and its frequent intake by adolescents can lead to unbalanced diet and food behaviors which may also connect with a poor impact on their personalities as well as their physical health. In this study, therefore, relationships between fast food intake frequency and food behavior, sociability, and personality, such as anger expression, were surveyed from 1,295 adolescents (666 in Seoul, 316 in Changwon, and 313 in rural communities), and then analyzed using SPSS program. The results are shown as follows. The fast food preference score and the fast food intake frequency score showed no differences between male students (22.9/30, 14.4/30 respectively) and female students (23.0/30, 14.0/30 respectively). But, the fast food preference score correlated positively with the intake frequency score (r=0.304) significantly (p<0.001). The more frequently eating of fast food group showed significantly lower scores (r=-0.233, p<0.001) in food behaviors. The frequency of fast food intake had no relationships with sociability, but it had a significantly effect on anger expression (r=0.213, p<0.001) and control (r=-0.l47, p<0.001). From these results, we could see the necessity of various nutrition education programs to build proper eating-out habits and also more studies are needed to find the relationships between fast food intake and growth and personality.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Hwabyung is a Korean culture bound syndrome and translated as anger syndrome at DSM-IV. And it is caused by the suppression of anger and has characteristics of chest discomfort, burning up as physical symptoms, and mortification, chagrin as psychological symptoms. It is very common in the field of psychiatry in Korea with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). * Objective : 95 patients with MDD or Hwabyung, who visited the department of psychiatry in Korea University Medical Center or oriental medical hospital of Kyunghee Medical Center from May 2003 to August 2003, were selected for the study to compare between Major Depressive Disorder and Hwabyung. * Methods : The Structured Clinical Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (SCID) and Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule (HBDIS) were conducted for diagnosis. And Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was carried out for comparison between MDD and Hwabyung. * Result : Among the 95 patients, MDD group was 23 persons, Hwabyung group was 36 persons, and MDD plus Hwabyung group was 36 persons and it occupied 37.9%. MDD plus Hwabyung group had higher scores than any other groups in the whole dimensions of SCL-90-R. Hwabyung group had higher scores than MDD group in somatization, anxiety, hostility, Global Severity Index(GSI) and positive symptom total (p<.05) of SCL-90-R, but two groups had no difference in obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal-sensitivity, depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, positive symptom distress index of SCL-90-R. * Conclusion : These result showed that Hwabyung is similar to MDD at the point of depression and psychoticism but more severe at somatization, anxiety and anger than MDD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.215-226
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• 2015

As violent video game is used based on active interaction and involvement of users, it is widely thought that it may have more effect on individual violence and aggressive action than existing violent videos. This study aimed to examine the effect of user experiences in the violent video game such as hostility, anger, arousal, enjoyment and identification on users' aggressive action. For this purpose, the first person FPS shooting game that consists of violent contents was employed to carry out playtest for 80 subjects with 40 male and 40 female university students. As a result, it was found that the user's arousal level, state anger, enjoyment and identification experience by the use of violent video game had an effect on aggressive action. Among factors that have aggressive action in the used of violent video game, besides emotion and arousal, the level of identification with a game character was found to be important effect factor. Hostility factor that was assumed to have effect on aggressive action was not significant, but enjoyment of game was proved to have effect on aggressive action of users.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2000

For basic data to develop health management program of female workers. this study was intended to characterize factors affecting health problems of women at workplace which has less than 50 workers by Cornell Medical Index(CMI). 195 items of CMI questionnaire were simplified to 57 items which were composed of 35 items concerning physical health problems and 22 items concerning mental health problems. The data was collected during 6 months from July 10 to December 30 and analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The 107 female workers included in this study was characterized to be mainly twenties(64.5%), single(69.2%) and working at production position(89.7%). The most frequent physical problem was fatigability and the next, neurological system and cardiovascular system. Main mental complaints were inadquacy. anger and tension. When the health problems were reviewed according to its general characteristics, anger in young age, adaptiveness in single and respiratory complaints in self-recognized unhealthy group were prevalent. According to life styles. the prevalent complaints were musculoskeletal one in alcoholic group and cardiovascular one in group who are sleeping just for four to five hours. The appropriateness of each items of CMI should be evaluated to reveal the reasons why meaningful results could not come from many items of this questionnaire. The repeated study should be carried out to figure out the health problems and its related factors of female workers at small scale workplace. Also, exercise program and abstinence from drinking and smoking should be carried out for female worker's health.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 1992

This paper is aimed at finding out the clue to the medical solution to the pathological phenomena of the dehumanizing and demoralizing state of our society by centering around the Chiljeong that originates from Oriental Medicine, Sung Confucianism and Sa-sang Medicine(四象醫學). In these fields,the Chiljeong is based on the theory of Eum-yang and Viscera(陰陽.臟腑論) in Oriental Medicine, on the problems of good and evil in Sung Cunfucianism and on the theory of Sa-sang Visceral Localization(四象.臟局의 理論) in Sa-sang Medicine. The principles of geneation of Chiljeong : In case of Oriental Medicine, Sin(神) controls Chiljeong and of it is stored in five Viscera, it becomes Sin in the Heart, Hon(魂) in the Liver, Sa(思) in the Spleen, Bed-Woo(悲.憂) in the Lung, and Kyeong-Kong(驚.恐) in the Kidney. Then five Viscera react with outer stimuli or Sin, it gives off Chiljeong as Joy(from the Heart), Anger(from the Liver). Thought (from the Spleen), Anxiety and Sorrow(from the Lung) and Surprise and Fear(from the Kidney) In Sung Confucianism, Sim(心) comtrols Seong-jeong(性.情), and at the moment of that Sim gives off Jeong(情), it becomes good when the Li(理) gibes off itself and then Chi(氣) follows Li, or Chi gives off itself and is regulated optimally, out it becomes evil when Li cannot preside over Chi and then shaded by cloudy Chi. The pathology: If the Chiljeong exceeds one's capacity, the corresponding Vicsera will be damaged, and the Passions(喜.怒.哀.樂) that may harm to four types of constitution severly are the Joy and Pleasure(in Tae-eum-in 太陰人 and So-eum-in 少陰人) and Grief and Anger(in Tae-yang-in 太陽人 and So-yang-in 少陽人), so one should be alert on some passions by regrding his constitutional frailty. More over, because of the variations in Sa-sang Visceral Localyzatin there is various ability in human affairs, but as the clumsiness in human affairs may make him hurt by it, so one should be prevented from these passions and human affairs, that is flowing Joy and Participations(黨與) in Tae-yang-in, flowing Pleasure and Dwelings(居處) in So-yang-in, explosive Anger and Companies(交遇) in So-eum-in, explosive Grief and Affairs(事務) in Tae-eum-in. How to clutivate the human nature: The ulitmate purpose in Oriental Medicine is preserving Cheon-Jin(天眞), that is following the Tao(道) by making him be in harmony with the Chi(氣) of the Seasons and by living a simple life. In Sung Confucianism, the way preventing the lustful desire and preserving Cheon-li(天理) is to observate derectly the calm, original place of human nature with reverence, when Sim has nat given off itself yet, and when Sim has already given off, it also is to meditating on one's passion and thought that the principle of good should be researched on or the evil should be cut off according to it's being good or evil. Such like as these various aspects of research on the Chiljeong it will be helpful in understanding human nature by producing the various materials on it, moreover, by doing so, we can lead out appropriate solution on the confusions of judgement value and demoralization.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations with the psychological test and the physical index. Methods: Breath-counting meditation was applied to 10 normal adults. Then, clinical research State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger eXpression Inventory (STAXI), Psychosocial Well-being Index Short Form (PWI-SF), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean version (BEPSI-K), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and Vital Signs (V/S) were carried out to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations. Results: 1) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) decreased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation, and Body Temperature (BT) increased on the fifteenth day. In addition, respiration decreased throughout the period of breath-counting meditation. 2) Standard deviations of N-N interval and Total Power (TP) of HRV all significantly increased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation. 3) Scores of STAI1, STAXI1, STAXI2, and PWI-SF decreased after the breath-counting meditation. Conclusions: The results suggested that breath-counting meditations have positive responses to anger, anxiety and stress.