• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.218-230
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• 1999

Background: Craniofacial anatomic abnormalities related to structural narrowing of the upper airway have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the craniofacial anatomic characteristics of Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the role of cephalometric analysis in the prediction of abnormal breathing during sleep. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), 39 simple snorers(simple snorers) and 20 controls(control) had cephalometric analysis using the technique of Riley et al, and underwent standardized polysomnographic recordings. Different variables, including sex, body mass index, cephalometric and polysomnographic data, were statistically analyzed. Results: Pm-UPW and V-LPW distances were significantly shorter in OSAS when compared with simple snorers or control. PAS in simple snorers was shorter than in control. ANS-Gn distance in OSAS was significantly longer than in control. PNS-P distance in OSAS or simple snorers was significantly longer than in control. MP-H distance in OSAS was significantly longer than in simple snorers or control and MP-H distance in simple snorers was also longer than in control. NL/Pm-P angle in OSAS was lesser than in control. MP-H distance in OSAS or in the combined groups of OSAS and simple snorers was significantly correlated with apneahypopnea index(AHI). PNS-P distance in the combined groups of OSAS and simple snorers was correlated with AHI. In male of all subjects, body mass index was significantly correlated with PNS-P or MP-H distance. Conclusion: Cephalometric analysis can be useful tool in determining the craniofacial anatomic abnormalities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Cephalometric parameters, especially MP-H distance, can be useful for predicting frequency of narrowing or obstruction of upper airway during sleep.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.169-175
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• 1998

Background: Heliox is known to decrease $PaCO_2$ in patients with increased airway resistance by increasing minute ventilation and reducing work of breathing(WOB). Besides these effect, heliox is expected to decrease functional anatomic dead space owing to improvement of peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) and enhancement of gas distribution. We investigated whether heliox can decrease $PaCO_2$ even at the same minute ventilation (VE) and WOB with $N_2-O_2$ to speculate the effect of the heliox on the anatomic dead space. Material and Method: The subjects were 8 mechanically ventilated patients with asthma or upper airway obstruction(M : F=5 : 3, $68{\pm}10$years) who were under neuromuscular paralysis. The study was consisted of three 15-minutes phases: basal $N_2-O_2$ heliox and washout Heliox was administered via the low pressure inlet of servo 900C, and respiratory parameters were measured by pulmonary monitor(CP-100 pulmonary monitor, Bicore, Irvine, CA, USA). To obtain the same tidal volume(Vt) in heliox phase, the Vt on monitor was adjusted by the factor of relative flow rate of heliox to $N_2-O_2$. Dead space was calculated by Bohr equation. Results: 1) Vt, VE, peak inspiratory pressure(PIP) and peak inspiratory flow rate(PIFR) were not different between $N_2-O_2$ and heliox. 2) PEFR was higher on heliox($0.52{\pm}0.19$L/sec) than $N_2-O_2$($0.44{\pm}0.13$L/sec)(p=0.024). 3) $PaCO_2$(mmHg) were decreased with heliox($56.1{\pm}14.1$) compared to $N_2-O_2$($60.5{\pm}15.9$)(p=0.027). 4) Dead space ventilation(%) were decreased with heliox($73{\pm}9$ with $N_2-O_2$ and $71{\pm}10$ with heliox)(p=0.026). Conclusion: Heliox decreased $PaCO_2$ even at the same VE and WOB with $N_2-O_2$, and the effect was considered to be related with the reduction of anatomic dead space.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2003

Purpose : To reveal clinical usefulness of functional MRI (fMRI) using sensorymotor and language stimuli for demonstrating anatomic relationship between sensorimotor or language cortices and lesions in the planning of brain tumor surgery. Materials and Methods : This study included 12 right-handed patients with brain tumors in or around sensorimotor or language cortices. Eleven patients were evaluated with primary motor and sensory stimuli. Of these patients, six patients were also evaluated with language stimuli. One patient was evaluated with language stimuli only. For fMR imaging, a 1.5T scanner was used and the EPI BOLD technique was employed. For postprocessing image, the SPM99 program and a program made by our department was utilized. We evaluated whether sensorimotor and language stimuli activate sensorimotor and language cortices. And also, clinical efficacy of revealing anatomic relationship between cerebral cortices and lesions for planning neurosurgical operation were evaluated. Finally, we compared post-operative neurologic function with pre-operative neurologic function in same patients. Results : The fMRI examination was successful in identifying the functional cortices and depicting anatomic relationship between functional cortices and lesions in all patients. In nine patients of 11 patients with identified sensorimotor cortices, postoperative grade of manual motor test was not changed, compared with preoperative grade. Whereas postoperative improved than preoperative grade in one patient of remaining two patients, postoperative aggravated than preoperative grade in the other. This result was due to atherosclerotic lacunar infarction, regardless of tumor resection. Postoperative deficit of language function was not found in seven patients with identified language cortices. Conclusion : fMRI could be a helpful method for determining the best approach to neurosurgical treatment in patients with brain tumors in or around sensorimotor or language cortices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2008

In the computerized tomography(CT), various filters are using in the reconstruction algorithm to reduce or eliminate the artifacts which are intrinsically induced by the imperfection of mathematical methods for reconstruction, lack of real informations about anatomic structures in the projection image, errors in data acquisition and so on. Hann filter was used to evaluate the filter effects on the elimination of reconstruction artifact in the CT image. The quantitative study was done by changing cut-off frequency of Hann filter from 0.1 to 0.9 with frequency increasement by 0.2. NPS analysis was fulfilled for the quantitative evaluation of filter effect.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2017

Purpose: Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is less common in pediatric patients than in adult patients. Thus, data for pediatric AVNRT patients are insufficient. Hence, we aimed to analyze the patient characteristics, treatment, and any recurrences in pediatric AVNRT patients. Methods: We reviewed the records of 50 pediatric AVNRT patients who had undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) between January 1998 and December 2016 at a single regional center. The patients were aged ${\leq}18years$. Results: Among 190 pediatric patients who underwent RFCA for tachyarrhythmia, 50 (26.3%; mean age, $13.4{\pm}2.6years$) were diagnosed as having AVNRT by electrophysiological study. Twenty-five patients (25 of 50, 50%) were male. Twenty patients (20 of 50, 40%) used beta-blockers before RFCA. All patients had no structural heart disease except 1 patient with valvular aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. RFCA was performed using the anatomic approach under fluoroscopic guidance. The most common successfully ablated region was the midseptal region (25 of 50, 50%). Slow pathway (SP) ablation and SP modulation were performed in 43 and 6 patients, respectively. Complication occurred in 1 patient with complete atrioventricular block. During follow-up, 6 patients had recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia, as confirmed by electrocardiography. Among them, 5 underwent successful ablation at the first procedure. In 1 patient, induction failed during the first procedure. Conclusion: RFCA is safe and effective in pediatric AVNRT patients. However, further research is needed for establishing the endpoints of ablation in pediatric AVNRT patients and for identifying risk factors by evaluating data on AVNRT recurrence after RFCA.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.353-357
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• 1996

One of the most common cosmetic surgery, the blepharoplasty can be divided two method. there were incisional method and sutured method. Authors try to understand the anatomic difference between the oriental upper eyelids and apply the surgical techniques of constructing upper eyelid crease of oriental case effectively. And we discussed the postoperative complications of the blepharoplasty and proposed the solve of these problems. The sutured method of blepharoplasty was more simple technique than conventional incision method and had low occurrence of complications. Even though slight recurrence, suture method was more esthetic due to no scar formation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dental students in detection of mandibular condyle fractures and the effectiveness of reference panoramic images. Materials and Methods : Forty-six undergraduates evaluated 25 panoramic radiographs for condylar fractures and the data were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. After a month, they were divided into two homogeneous groups based on the first results and re-evaluated the images with (group A) or without (group B) reference images. Eight reference images included indications showing either typical condylar fractures or anatomic structures which could be confused with fractures. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of the difference between the first and the second evaluations for each group, and student�fs t-test was used between the two groups in the second evaluation. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were evaluated with Kappa statistics. Results : Intra- and inter-observer agreements were substantial (k=0.66) and moderate (k=0.53), respectively. The area under the ROC curve (Az) in the first evaluation was 0.802. In the second evaluation, it was increased to 0.823 for group A and 0.814 for group B. The difference between the first and second evaluations for group A was statistically significant (p<0.05), however there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the second evaluation. Conclusion : Providing reference images to less experienced clinicians would be a good way to improve the diagnostic ability in detecting condylar fracture.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to develop a 3D registration algorithm for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired from independent PET/CT and MR imaging systems. Combined PET/CT images provide anatomic and functional information, and MR images have high resolution for soft tissue. With the registration technique, the strengths of each modality image can be combined to achieve higher performance in diagnosis and radiotherapy planning. The proposed method consists of two stages: normalized mutual information (NMI)-based global matching and independent component analysis (ICA)-based refinement. In global matching, the field of view of the CT and MR images are adjusted to the same size in the preprocessing step. Then, the target image is geometrically transformed, and the similarities between the two images are measured with NMI. The optimization step updates the transformation parameters to efficiently find the best matched parameter set. In the refinement stage, ICA planes from the windowed image slices are extracted and the similarity between the images is measured to determine the transformation parameters of the control points. B-spline. based freeform deformation is performed for the geometric transformation. The results show good agreement between PET/CT and MR images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

For this experiment frist the fermented Soybean Meju was prepared by domestic ordinary method of Korean and concentrated Meju suspensoidal extract was made for toxicological test sample on mice and rat. Even the oral dose of 10g extract per kg of mice had not any acute toxicity. So the median lethal dose(LOD50) is lilely to be much greatr or not to be. In comparison of the average weight gain rate for 4 weeks the control and test groups of 0.308g Ex/rat kg and 9.24g Ex/rat kg daily were the much the same as about 19% but 3.08g Ex/rat kg group waas exceptionally 2.7% higher than control For this period all test groups did not show any abnormality in appearance and anatomic findings. In serum GPT GOT alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value there were no difference significantly between control and the test groups of 0.308g/rat kg and 3.08g/rat kg but 9.24g/rat kg group was some what higher than control. Especially in cholesterol alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value 9.24g/rat kg group or 28days had 100mg/이 37.5u 32mg/이 respectively which were increased significantly. The pathological findings of all test groups especially 9.24g/kg group did not showed any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage or intestine lesion. So it is supposed that there is not any tocixants originated from some molds in fermented Korean domestic Meju which is prepared traditionally in winter.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2001

The cytological distinction of carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions nay be difficult or imposslble based on morphology alone, especially In specimens containing reactive mesothelial cells which form glandular or ball- or papillary-shaped conglomerates or which mimic malignant nuclear features. Calretinin is a newly reported immunocytochemical marker for mesothelial cells, which can potentially be utilized for facilitating this distinction. This study evaluated the usefulness of calretinin for the discrimination between reactive mesothelial and metastatic carcinoma cells in serous effusion. Immunocytochemical staining was undertaken on 33 benign reactive and 87 malignant serous effusion specimens with histologically confirmed diagnoses. The specimens including smears and cell blocks were stained with polyclonal antibody to calretinin by labelled streptavidin-biotin method. The positive expression of calretinin was noted In 32(97.0%) of 33 benign reactive effusions and 9(10.3%) of 87 malignant effusions. The sensitivity and specificity of the calretinin immunostaining for reactive mesothelial cells was 97.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In conclusion, calretinin is a useful marker for distinguishing between reactive mesothelial cells and carcinoma cells in serous effusions.