• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.450-458
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• 2000

This study deals with the unsteady close-contact melting of solid blocks on a flat surface subject to convective heating. Normalizing the model equations in reference to the steady solution successfully leads them to cover constant heat flux and isothermal limits at small and large extremes of the Biot number, respectively. The resulting equations admit a compactly expressed analytical solution, which includes the previous solutions as a subset. Based on the steady solution, the characteristics of close-contact melting can be categorized into constant heat flux, transition, and isothermal regimes, the boundaries of which appear to be nearly independent of the contact force. The unsteady solutions corresponding to Biot numbers in the transition regime show intermediate behaviors between those of the two limits. With a proper approximation, the present solution procedure can cope with the case of variable fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficient. Regardless of imposed conditions, the mean normalized Nusselt number during the unsteady process asymptotically approaches to a constant value as the Biot number comes close to each limit.

• Water for future
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 1991

For investigation of the interaction of tide and river flow, the derived equations are solved analytically using the approximation method of perturbation. The convective inertia and nonlinear bottom friction terms are included in the derivations. The harmonic analysis is applied to decompose the complicated interaction of the freshwater discharge with various constituents of tide into its individual interaction with each constituent. In this study, four main constituents(M2, S2, Kl, 01) are included. The relations of dimensionless parameters of the tide, especially the dimensionless damping modulus, are then determined for each solution. The results show that analytical solution of dimensionless damping modulus underestimates the measured value obtained from harmonic analysis. Results of water level obtained by applying the analytical model to a tidal reach of the Keum River in the years 1981 and 1982 show very good agreement with those obtained from the harmonic analysis.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Parametric array for audio applications is analyzed by numerical modeling and analytical approximation. The nonlinear wave equations are used to provide design guidelines for the audio parametric array. A time domain finite difference code that accurately solves the KZK (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov) nonlinear parabolic wave equation is used to predict the response of the parametric array. The time domain code relates the source size and the carrier frequency to the audible signal response including the output level and beamwidth to considering the implementation issues for audio applications of the parametric array, the emphasis is given to the frequency response and distortion. We use the time domain code to find out the optimal parameters that will help produce the parametric array with highest achievable output in terms of the average power within the demodulated signal. Parameters such as primary input frequency, audio source radius and the modulation method are given utmost importance. The output effect of those parameters are demonstrated through the numerical simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.567-574
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• 2003

It is important to design and evaluate the chip waveform with the minimum MAI under the bandwidth constraint in the interference-limited DS-CDMA system. In this paper, by approximation we present the analytical chip waveforms that are proposed and optimized in the reference. Their performances are compared with performances of three conventional chip waveforms: rectangular, half-sine and raised-cosine. Waveform 1 of the proposed chip waveform outperforms the conventional ones. BER and throughput performance are evaluated in the Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels when DPSK modulation is used. When the required BER is 10$\^$-3/ in two fading channels, the capacity of the waveform 1 is improved about 20 % rather than raised-cosine one. When the offered traffic is 30 and the number of packet per bit(N$\sub$d/) is 14, maximum throughput of the waveform 1 is better than raised-cosine chip waveform about 18 % in two fading channels.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

The authors present a more accurate analysis of the bit error rate (BER) performance for multicode code division multiple access (CDMA) systems equipped with a multipath interference canceler (MPIC) over multipath fading channels. At first, we consider the problem of previous researches. It is that the previous analyses do not match with simulations even in the case without MPIC. This mismatch also causes the difference between the analysis and simulations when an MPIC is applied. Therefore, what is needed is to verify the reason of this mismatch at the initial stage. Numerical results obtained from the proposed analytical method indicate that the performance mismatch between the previous analysis and simulations is caused by not fie Gaussian approximation which is generally used at the performance analysis of CDMA systems but the additional Gaussian approximation (AGA) for multipath interferences. Based on this effect, we propose a more accurate performance analysis not using AGA and its accuracy is verified by simulations. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the proposed analysis presents an analytical lower bound which can be achieved by MPIC.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1 s.62
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

Target Strength(TS) is an important factor for the detection of the target in an active sonar system: thus the numerical model for the prediction of TS is widely being developed. For the frequency range of several kHz, the most important scattering mechanism is known to be specular reflection, which is largely affected by the geometrical shape of the target. In this paper, a numerical algorithm to predict TS is developed based on the Kirchhoff approximation which is computationally efficient. The developed algorithm is applied to the canonical targets of simple shapes, for which the analytical solutions exist. The numerical results show good agreement with the analytical solutions. Also, the algorithm is applied to more complex scatterers, and is compared with the experimental data obtained in the water tank experiment for the purpose of verifying the developed numerical model. Discussions on the effect of spatial sampling and other aspects of numerical m odeling are presented.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 2006

Several analytical procedures available in literature, for the evaluation of wind induced fatigue damage of structures, either assume the wide band random stress variations as narrow band random process or use correction factors along with narrow band assumption. This paper compares the correction factors obtained using the Rainflow Cycle (RFC) counting of the measured stress time histories on a lamp mast and a lattice tower, with those evaluated using different frequency domain methods available in literature. A Bi-modal spectral method has been formulated by idealising the single spectral moment method into two modes of background and resonant components, as considered in the gust response factor, for the evaluation of fatigue of slender structures subjected to "along-wind vibrations". A closed form approximation for the effective frequency of the background component has been developed. The simplicity and the accuracy of the new method have been illustrated through a case study by simulating stress time histories at the base of an urban light pole for different mean wind speeds. The correction factors obtained by the Bi-modal spectral method have been compared with those obtained from the simulated stress time histories using RFC counting method. The developed Bi-modal method is observed to be a simple and easy to use alternative to detailed time and frequency domain fatigue analyses without considerable computational and experimental efforts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.240-244
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• 2005

In this study a simple model is developed that predicts impact damage in a composite laminate using an analytical model. The model uses a non-linear approximation method (Rayleigh-Ritz) and the large deflection plate theory to predict the number of failed plies and damage area in a quasi-isotropic composite circular plate (axisymmetric problem) due to a point impact load at its centre. It is assumed that the deformation due to a static transverse load is similar to that occurred in a low velocity impact. It is found that the model, despite its simplicity, is in good agreement with FEM predictions and experimental data for the deflection of the composite plate and gives a good estimate of the number of failed plies due to fibre breakage. The predicted damage zone could be used with a fracture mechanics model developed by the second investigator and co-workers to calculate the compression after impact strength of such laminates. This approach could save significant running time when compared to FEM solutions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 1994

The Problem of mechanical vibration is investigated for an automotive exhaust system. The vibrational reduction effect is systematically evaluated according to the attachment of the exhaust system. Moreover, the optimal attachment position of bellows is determined from the viewpoint of vibration isolation. The structure is analysed by the finite element technique where the geometry, the mass, the stiffness and the damping properties of the exhaust pipe are modeled. The validity of the developed model is verified by comparing with the experimental results. An optimization is carried out by the quadratic approximation algorithm. The reaction transferred to an automobile body by the hanger is considered ad the objective function. It is shown that the exhaust system which has the bellows at the optimal position is more effective for the vibrational characteristics than the others. It is also proved that this analytical method is quite useful in the design stage of the exhaust system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.947-957
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• 2005

In this study a simple model is developed that predicts impact damage in a composite laminate avoiding the need of the time-consuming dynamic finite element method (FEM). The analytical model uses a non-linear approximation method (Rayleigh-Ritz) and the large deflection plate theory to predict the number of failed plies and damage area in a quasi-isotropic composite circular plate (axisymmetric problem) due to a point impact load at its centre. It is assumed that the deformation due to a static transverse load is similar to that oc curred in a low velocity impact. It is found that the model, despite its simplicity, is in good agreement with FEM predictions and experimental data for the deflection of the composite plate and gives a good estimate of the number of failed plies due to fibre breakage. The predicted damage zone could be used with a fracture mechanics model developed by the second investigator and co-workers to calculate the compression after impact strength of such laminates. This approach could save significant running time when compared to FEM solutions.