• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-79
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to develop lesson plans of library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning for 'life and career planning' unit in high school Technology Home Economics Subject and to compare the learning effect of this lesson plan with that of practical problem-based teaching-learning in class. The change in student's perception about home economics subject was also compared after two types of teaching-learning process. The contents of the high school Technology Home Economics textbooks and curriculum guide book for the year of 2007 curriculum revision were analyzed. Based on these analysis 10 library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning lesson plans on 'life and carrer planning' unit were developed. The high school students living in Gyeonggi province as an experimental group participated in library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning. The control group of students who had same condition with the experimental group were taught by same lesson plans in class. After the experiment, the changes in attitudes toward life and career planning and in perception about Home Economics subject were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The more significant positive attitudes toward life and career planning were found in the experimental group of students compared with those of the control group of students. And compared with the control group of students, the experimental group of student perceived more positively about characteristics of Home Economics subject. Thus, the following conclusion was made that the library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning could be one of the useful teaching-learning methods to improve attitude toward life and career planning and perception about Home Economics subject.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate how nurses who take care of terminal patients perceive fluid therapy and how this therapy is currently being used in hospitals. Methods: This survey included 200 nurses, 87 of whom were working in the oncology units of 3 university hospitals in Seoul, Korea, and 113 were working in 18 hospice centers. The data for this study were collected by means of structured questionnaires and analyzed by using the Statistical Analysis System software. The differences in perception towards fluid therapy between nurses working in oncology units and those working in hospice centers were examined using the $x^2$ test and analysis of covariance. Results: Fluid therapy was perceived more negatively by the nurses from hospice centers than by those from oncology units. Continuous subcutaneous infusion was used in hospice centers, but not in oncology units. In addition, the average amount of fluid infused daily differed significantly between the oncology units and hospice centers. Conclusion: Our results show that there were differences in the perception towards fluid therapy between nurses in different clinical settings. Nurses caring for terminal and palliative care patients should not simply provide or withhold fluid therapy, but rather develop a wider range of views on fluid therapy, focusing on effective alternative interventions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.611-623
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• 2000

The cooperative learning movement began as parts of the desegregation process in America, aiming at increasing academic achievement and social skills among diverse students. Cooperative learning may be defined as a classroom learning environment in which students work together in small heterogeneous groups. Although many studies have shown the effectiveness of cooperative learning in a variety of subjects, relatively few have focused on biology. In this study, we investigated the effects of cooperative learning on students' achievement and attitude of middle school biology students. For this purpose this study compared three sections. In one section, a cooperative learning strategy was used. Second section was taught in small groups and the third section was instructed in the traditional method. The unit 'Structures and functions of animals' was used. A total of 188 students were included in this study. These classes were treated for 10hours during 10weeks from September 1 to November 28, 1999. The pretests-posttests control group design was applyed. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used as the data analysis procedure. Significant differences were found in the achievement and the attitude of students using cooperative learning strategy(p<.05) when compared to traditional classroom structure and small group learning. Cooperative learning was more effective in the low-ability and average-ability students than the high-ability students in the science achievement. Cooperative learning is effective in both male and female students. And students in the cooperative group achieved better than those in other groups in affective, behavioral, and intention-cognitive domain of science attitude.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Objectives: Several evidence has been suggested that the circadian gene variants contribute to the pathogenesis of seasonal affective disorder. In this study, we aimed to investigate the polymorphism in RORA (Retinoid-related orphan receptor A) gene in relation to seasonal variations among healthy young adults in Seoul, Korea. Methods: A total of 507 young healthy adult subjects were recruited by advertisement. Seasonal variations were assessed by the Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the RORA rs11071547 gene was genotyped by PCR in 507 individuals. Considering summer type as confounding factor, we conducted analysis 478 subjects except 29 subjects of summer type. The Chi-square test was conducted to compare differences between groups of seasonals and non-seasonals. Association between genotypes and Global Seasonality Score (GSS) were tested using ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance). Results: In this sample, the prevalence of SAD was 12.1% (winter type 9.3%, summer type 2.8%). There is no significant difference in genotyping distribution of RORA rs11071547 between groups of seasonals and non-seasonals. Global seasonality score (GSS) and scores of all subscales except body weight and appetite were not significantly different between the group with C allele homozygote and the group with T allele homozygote and heterozygote (p-value 0.138). Scores of body weight and appetite were significantly higher in group with C allele homozygotes. Conclusion: These results suggest that RORA gene polymorphism play a role in seasonal variations in appetite and body weight and is associated with susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder in some degree in the population studied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2012

Purpose: the study aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) and radiotherapy complications among Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients at different 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) stages adjusting for other variables. Methods: 511 NPC patients at different 3DCRT stages were enrolled. They were interviewed regarding SF-36, complications and socio-demographic variables and cancer- or treatment-related variables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) based on SF-36, complications scores as dependent variables, 3DCRT stages as independent variables, and other variables as covariate were established. Results: The influencing factors of PCS included 3DCRT stages and age group. The influencing factors of MCS included 3DCRT stages and income. Most QOL scores of NPC patients were significantly associated with 3DCRT stage, after accounting for other variables. QOL scores of the patients receiving 3DCRT were the lowest, QOL scores of people after 3DCRT gradually increased. PCS scores of people greater than 5 years after 3DCRT was improved to or even better than the level before 3DCRT. The complications with significantly different scores of patients at different 3DCRT status included xerostomia, throat ache, hypogeusia, caries, hearing loss, snuffles. Conclusions: Clinicians should pay more attention to older NPC patients and patients with lower income. When patients receive 3DCRT, measures should be taken to reduce radiation injury to improve the patients' QOL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 1995

Korea has been recently reducing the quality of life as well as rising medical cost because of the increase of chronic diseases. But we can prevent those chronic diseases through the improvement of environment or life style. We evaluated the educational effectiveness of chronic diseases(hypertention, diabetes, cancer, stroke and other chronic diseases) designed to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice of chronic diseases among university students. Between August 1994 and November 1994, we implemented chronic diseases prevention instruction in intervention students; unmatched control students were selected in same university. We conducted pre- and post-intervention surveys both intervention and control students with self-reported questionnaires(50 items). We assigned score(0-4 points) to items and conducted a analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) with sex, grade and economic status as the covariate, using the SAS PC computer statistical package. And we culculated odds ratio with safety scores between intervention and control students. The results of this study were followed. 1. In demographic characteristics of subjects both pre- and post intervention, we found no significant differences in intervention and control students at religion, father's education, mother's education, mother's occupation and type of residence(p>0.05), but we found significant differences at sex(p<0.001), grade(p<0.001) and economic status(p<0.05). 2. The sex, grade and economic status-adjusted mean prevention knowledge scores for diabetes and stroke increased from the pre- to post-survey in the intervention students(p<0.001), but control students did not increased(p>0.05). As odds ratios in knowledge were below 1, the knowledge of intervention students were higher than control students. 3. The attitudes for general adult health increased from the pre- to post-survey in the intervention students(p<0.05), but control students did not increased(p>0.05). As odds ratios in attitudes were approximately 1, we can not say effectiveness in intervention students 4. The pratices for cancer and stroke increased from the pre- to post-survey in both the intervention and control students(p<0.001). Also odds ratio of hypertention was 0.91, and that of stroke was 1.14. 5. Health related behaviors did not increased from the pre- to post- survey in both the intervention and control students(p>0.05). But odds ratio of drinking was 0.76 and that of body weight was 1.21. 6. Health status did not increased from the pre- to post- survey in both the intervention and control students(p>0.05). As odds ratio of health status was 1.09, prevention education was not effect in intervention students We would like to recommend as follows; 1. University students must learn about prevention of chronic diseases. Because the knowledge of invetervention students was higher than that of control students. 2. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be taught from primary school. 3. Adult health education for university students must be practiced continuously. Education period(l5 weeks) in this study was not complete. 4. The evaluation of chronic diseases was conducted real measurement(such as BP check) as well as self reported-survey. 5. Educational materials(video tape, pamphlet) related the prevention of chronic diseases should be developed at national level. And we must easely use those materials. 6. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be made through mass media as well as school education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2005

Objectives : The effects of exercise on bone density have been found to be inconsistent in previous studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study in premenarcheal girls to test two hypotheses to explain these inconsistencies. Firstly,'the intensity of mechanical strain, in terms of the ground reaction force(GRF), has more important effects on the bone mass at a weight-bearing site', and secondly, 'calcium intake modifies the bone response to exercise'. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the Os calcis, using peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in 91 premenarcheal girls aged between 9 and 12 years. The intensity of mechanical strain of exercise was assessed by a self-report questionnaire and scored by the GRF as multiples of body weight, irrespective of the frequency and duration of exercise. The energy and calcium intake were calculated from the 24-hour dietary recall. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used to determine the interaction and main effects of exercise and calcium on the bone density, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Results : The difference in the bone density between moderate and low impact exercise was more pronounced in the high than low calcium intake group. The bone density for moderate impact exercise and high calcium intake was significantly higher than that for low impact exercise (p=0.046) and low calcium intake, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Conclusions : Our study suggests that the bone density at a weight-bearing site is positively related to the intensity of mechanical loading exercise, and the calcium intake may modify the bone response to exercise at the loaded site in premenarcheal girls.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2017

The present study investigates the potential of an educational programming game as a strategy for enhancing effective domains of mathematics curriculum, which has been criticized as a problem of education in Korea. The process of programming Fortress, an educational game, in conjunction with the lesson on the trigonometric function as part of the middle school mathematics curriculum, was designed for instruction and learning, and its effectiveness was tested. The study was conducted using a nonequivalent pretest-posttest experimental design. Research procedures included the following steps: (1) both the experimental and the comparison groups participated in four classes to understand and apply the concept of the trigonometric function, and (2) the experimental group participated in Fortress game programming activities using Scratch, which was designed in this study, while the comparison group participated in solving a real-life trigonometric problem - calculating the height of a building using the concept of trigonometry. The results of the t-test showed that students' interest and perceived value of the mathematics curriculum were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the comparison group. However, the results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using pretest scores of the interest and perceived value showed the influence of pretest scores on posttest scores for the interest level, although the effect of the experiment on the perceived value of the mathematics curriculum was more significant.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of the extension activity with fifty famous paintings on the improvement of young children's creativity and emotional intelligence. A total of thirty-one preschoolers participated in the study. There were a total of 15 preschoolers in the experimental group and 16 preschoolers in the comparison group. The measuring device of creativity was the Figural Tests of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT:Firural). And the measuring tool of emotional intelligence was the 'Emotional Intelligence Evaluation Tool for a Child by Teacher's Composer' developed by Younja Lee, Jongsook Lee, and Eunsu Shin (2000). To improve the accuracy of the experimental results from the post-test, a covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted with the pre-test scores as covariate and the post-test scores as dependent variables. The statistical work with collected data was carried out by using PASW 18.0. The experimental group which participated in the extension activity with famous paintings showed improvement in the subordinate elements of creativity such as fluency, originality and abstraction of titles. Between the experimental group and comparison group, there was a meaningful difference statistically. The experimental group was also positively affected on all the subordinate elements of emotional intelligence such as awareness and expression of emotions, improvement of thinking by emotions, using ability of emotional knowledge, and control ability as the reflection of emotions. Through the activity, children became to respect the opinions of other friends.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the eating behavior (EB) and nutritional status of university students in Gwangju, and to compare their nutrition quotients (NQs) and problems according to their EB types. Methods: The subjects were 219 (127 female and 92 male) undergraduate students from Gwangju. The Student's t-test was used to compare the EB levels according to gender, and Pearson's χ² test was used to compare the distribution of EB types by gender. A gender-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to examine the difference in NQs by EB types. Results: First, there were significant differences in the EB scores and the distribution of EB types according to gender. Female students showed higher levels of emotional (Emo) and external (Ext) EBs than the male students, and Emo, Ext, and combined (Com) EB types were more evident among female rather than male students. Second, there was a difference in NQs according to the EB types. The Emo EB type subjects had a lower NQ than those of the restrained (Res) EB type and showed significant differences in diversity and dietary behavior. Specifically, the Emo EB type subjects displayed significantly lower efforts to maintain a healthy diet and subjective health status than the Com EB type and their levels of checking nutrition labels, hand washing, and water intake were significantly lower than that of the Res EB type. The Ext EB type showed significantly lower moderation of Ramyeon and sweetened drink intake than the Res and Com EB types. Conclusion: The level of EBs and the distribution of EB types varied according to gender, and the NQs were different according to EB types. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the establishment of customized strategies for improvement by identifying major nutritional problems by gender and the EB types of university students.