• Title/Summary/Keyword: Anaerobic Microflora

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Effects of Dietary Synbiotics from Anaerobic Microflora on Growth Performance, Noxious Gas Emission and Fecal Pathogenic Bacteria Population in Weaning Pigs

  • Lee, Shin Ja;Shin, Nyeon Hak;Ok, Ji Un;Jung, Ho Sik;Chu, Gyo Moon;Kim, Jong Duk;Kim, In Ho;Lee, Sung Sill
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.1202-1208
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    • 2009
  • Synbiotics is the term used for a mixture of probiotics (live microbial feed additives that beneficially affects the host animal) and prebiotics (non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the organism). This study investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in weaning pigs. 150 pigs with an initial BW of 6.80${\pm}$0.32 kg (20 d of age) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments as follows: i) US, basal diet+0.15% antibiotics (0.05% oxytetracycline 200 and 0.10% tiamulin 38 g), ii) BS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from bacteria), iii) YS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from yeast), iv) MS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from mold), v) CS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (from compounds of bacteria, yeast and mold). The probiotics were contained in $10^{9}$ cfu/ml, $10^{5}$ cfu/ml and $10^{3}$ tfu/ml of bacteria, yeast and molds, respectively. The same prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide, lactose, sodium acetate and ammonium citrate) was used for all the synbiotics. Pigs were housed individually for a 16-day experimental period. Growth performance showed no significant difference between antibiotic treatments and synbiotics-added treatments. The BS treatment showed higher (p<0.05) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibility while ether extract and crude fiber digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatment. Also, the BS treatment decreased (p<0.05) fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was also decreased (p<0.05) in BS, YS and MS treatments compared to other treatments. Moreover, all the synbioticsadded treatments increased fecal acetic acid concentration while the CS treatment had lower propionic acid concentration than the US treatment (p<0.05) gas emissions but decreased in fecal propionate gas emissions. Total fecal bacteria and Escherichia coli populations did not differ significantly among the treatments, while the Shigella counts were decreased (p<0.05) in synbiotics-included treatment. Fecal bacteria population was higher in the YS treatment than other treatments (p<0.05). The BS treatment had higher yeast concentration than YS, MS and CS treatments, while US treatment had higher mold concentrations than MS treatment (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics are as effective as antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in weaning pigs. Additionally, synbiotics from anaerobic microflora can decrease fecal noxious gas emission and synbiotics can substitute for antibiotics in weaning pigs.

Studies on the Microflora and Enzyme Activity in Processing of Accelerated Low Salt-Fermented Anchovy by adding koji (코오지를 이용한 속성 저식염 멸치젓의 미생물상과 효소활성)

  • 백승화;임미선;김동한
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.392-397
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    • 1996
  • To produce low salt fermented anchovy by an accelerated method with Asp. oryzae and Bacillus sp. koji, enzyme activity and variation of microflora during the 60 day fermentation were examined. Bacterial counts changed a little during the fermentation with the highest on day 40 for proteolytic and anaerobic bacteria and on day 20 for aerobic bacteria. Proteolytic, lipolytic, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria counts were higher in the Bacillus sp. koji added anchovy paste than in others. The protease and lipase activities reached the highest point on day 20 and 30, respectively, and decreased gradually afterwards. The protease activity was higher in Asp. oryzae koji than in bacillus sp. koji, but the lipase activity was to the contrary.

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ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF MINOCYCLINE EMBEDDED IN POLYCAPROLACTONE ON NECROTIC CANAL (괴사치수 근관에서 항생제 국소약물송달제제의 항균효과에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Soo-Kyoung;Yoom, Soo-Han
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.226-235
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    • 1991
  • Therapeutic use of antibiotics in the pulpal disease should reduce the clinical symptoms and pathogenic microflora in the pulp. The purpose of this study was focused on local drug delivery into the root canal in endodontic therapy. Monolithic films from polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol preparations with minocycline were prepared, and then the antimicrobial effect of these films on necrotic canal was tested. A total 17 necrotized pulp teeth were sampled before and 1 week after insertion of film into the pulp. Bacterial culture were performed with anaerobical condition and seeded in the 5 selective and non - selective media for 7 days in $37^{\circ}C$ of anaerobic chamber. Bacterial identification were performed with Gram staining, biochemical test, and API kit There was significantly decreased of anaerobic and aerobic microflora of 13 among 17 patients after therapy. Among the identified microflora, Streptococcus species, black - pigmented species and Fusobacterium species were significantly reduced 1 week after treatment with local delivery antibiotics. Furthermore, clinical symptoms included in pain and local swelling were continuousely reduced after therapy. These results suggest that local drug delivery with minocycline is effeicient to treat the endodontic involved teeth for releasing clinical symptoms and microbiological shifting.

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The Changes of Natural Microflora in Liver Sausage with Kimchi Powder during Storages

  • Kim, Hyoun-Wook;Lee, Na-Kyoung;Oh, Mi-Hwa;Kim, Cheon-Jei;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.899-906
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    • 2011
  • The objectives of this study were to apply the Baranyi model to predict the growth of natural microflora in liver sausage with added kimchi powder. Kimchi powder was added to the meat products at 0, 1, 2, and 3% levels. To determine and quantify the natural microflora in the meat products, total plate counts and counts of anaerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were examined throughout the 28 d of storage. The obtained data were applied to the Baranyi growth model. The indices used for comparing predicted and observed data were $B_f$, $A_f$, root mean square error (RMSE), and $R^2$. Twelve predictive models were characterized by a high $R^2$ and small RMSE. The Baranyi model was useful in predicting natural microflora levels in these meat products with added kimchi powder during storage.

Role and Potential of Ruminal Fungi in Fiber Digestion - Review -

  • Ushida, K.;Matsui, H.;Fujino, Yuko;Ha, J.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.541-550
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    • 1997
  • Anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi are now well recognized as one of the major components of rumen microflora. Since the discovery of anaerobic fungi, the knowledge upon their morphology and physiology has been accumulated. It is certain that they gave roles in ruminal fiber digestion, although their quantitative contribution to rumen digestion is still unclear. Their role in fiber digestion is complicated by the dietary factors and the interaction with other microorganisms. We aim at reviewing such information in this article. Considerable attention gas been paid to the polysaccharidase of these fungi. Analysis on the fungal genes encoding these enzymes has been performed in several laboratories. This article also covers the genetical analysis of fungal polysaccharidases.

Feasibility of batch anaerobic bio-hydrogen production from different organic wastes (다양한 유기성 폐자원을 적용한 바이오 수소 생성 연구)

  • Hwang, Jae-Hoon;Choi, Jeong-A;Abou-Shanab, R.A.I.;Jeon, Byong-Hun
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.80-85
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    • 2009
  • The effects of various organic wastes on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production were studied using enriched mixed microflora in batch tests. Rotten fruit, corn powder and organic wastewater enriched with sulfate (up to 1,000 mg/L) were used for experiments. Maximum hydrogen production (547.1 mL) was observed from rotten apple with initial substrate concentration of 132.2 g COD/L. The experimental result on sulfate enriched organic wastewater indicated that hydrogen production is not adversely influenced by relatively high sulfate concentration. Residual sulfate content remained at 96-98 % after 75 hours of reaction, which showed that no major sulfate reduction was occurred at pH 5.3-5.5 in the reactor. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) fractions produced during the reaction was in the order of butyrate > acetate > propionate in all experiments. The results of this study would be useful for controlling the conditions on fermentative hydrogen production using different feedstocks.

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Effects of Dietary Fructan on Cecal Enzyme Activities in Rats

  • Kang, Soon-Ah;Chun, Uck-Han;Jang, Ki-Hyo
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.582-586
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    • 2005
  • In this Study, we have attempted to determine the effects of dietary fructose polymers (fructan), high molecular-weight ${\beta}-(2,6)-linked$ levan, and low-molecular-weight ${\beta}-(2,1)-linked$ inulin, on two intestinal enzymes $({\beta}-glucuronidase\;and\;{\beta}-glucosidase)$. As a preliminary experiment, when intestinal microflora were cultured in anaerobic media harboring levan or its oligosaccharides, bacterial cell growth was observed in the levanoligosaccharide-supplemented media, but not in the levan-supplemented media, indicating that levan's size is important for the utilization by intestinal bacteria of levan as an energy Source. In our animal study, the intake of a levan-rich diet was determined to significantly attenuate the activity of the harmful enzyme $({\beta}-glucuronidase$, but d id not affect the activity of ${\beta}-glucosidase$.

유산균 투여가 건강한 성인의 분변미생물 및 부패산물 생성에 미치는 영향

  • Shin, Myeong-Su;Kim, Yong-Jae;Bae, Hyoung-Suk;Baek, Young-Jin
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.254-260
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    • 1996
  • To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria administration on fecal microflora and putrefactive metabolites in human being, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum powder (1.5 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ cells, respectively) was administrated to six healthy volunteers (average 28 years old) twice a day for 2 weeks. During the administration of lactic acid bacteria, the numbers of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and enterococci in feces were increased significantly, whereas those of Staphylococcus and lecithinase-negative Clostridium were decreased considerably. In addition, a number of anaerobic Bacteroides were increased. However, the contents of fecal ammonia and putrefactive metabolites (indole, skatole, p-cresole) were not changed during the administration.

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Identification of intestinal microflora in rainbow trout

  • Lee, Soon-Deuk;Lee, Yeon-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.273-277
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    • 1995
  • Although trout farming is well established in Korea, very little information is available on the composition of intestinal microflora in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). In 1994, from October through November, we investigated the composition and succession of intestinal bacteria. As fish grew, total viable counts increased dramatically until 45 days after fertilization when anaerobes started to appear on the media. After this time, they increased steadily. Ten aerobic generic were identified and Gram negative bacteria constituted 85% of total isolates. Among these, Pseudomonas, Eikenella, and Alcaligenes were the three major genera. Six anaerobic genera were isolated and identified. The ratio of anaerobes to aerobes was about 1 : 1 in adult trout and the composition of genera was changed under different conditions.

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