• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.514-517
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• 2009

Anaerobic biodegradability(AB), which can be determined with the ultimate methane yield by the decomposition of organic materials, is one of the important parameters for the design and the operation of anaerobic digestion plant. In this study, Biochemical Methane Potential(BMP) test has been carried out to evaluate the methane yield of agro-industrial biomasses such as cattle manure, Italian ryegrass(IRG), Oats, Rye and Barley as the forage crops, Rush, the sludges produced from milling and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant(SMWTP, SSWTP). In the condition of thermophilic anaerobic digestion, the ultimate methane yield and anaerobic biodegradability of forage crops ranged from 0.367 to $0.452LCH_4$/gVS of methane yield with AB having the range of about 77.0 to 87.3%. On the other hand, that of other substrate showed low figures compared with the forage crops because of low VS content and C/N ratio. Therefore, the forage crops could be used as a good substrate to produce much more the methane in anaerobic digestion.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1980

The process of biological treatment of organic wastewater is principally associated with those of self-purification in the natural water environment. The treatment system has e intensive function of stabilizing wastewater more effectively than in natural water, which is like natural water concentrated in a small space. Biological treatment of wastewater involves activated sludge and various modified process, trickling filter, rotating disk, oxidation ditch, etc. for aerobic decomposition and anaerobic processes such as anaerobic decomposition and methane fermentation. The basic characteristic of these processes is the use of mixed culture for the conversion of pollutants. This review forcuses on the various kinds of microorganisms related to each treatment processes. Kinetic analysis of the activated sludge process is discussed in order to understand the basis of control and maintenance of the biological treatment process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2199-2210
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• 2017

Soil burial is the most widely used disposal method for infected pig carcasses, but composting has gained attention as an alternative disposal method because pig carcasses can be decomposed rapidly and safely by composting. To understand the pig carcass decomposition process in soil burial and by composting, pilot-scale test systems that simulated soil burial and composting were designed and constructed in the field. The envelope material samples were collected using special sampling devices without disturbance, and bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by high-throughput pyrosequencing for 340 days. Based on the odor gas intensity profiles, it was estimated that the active and advanced decay stages were reached earlier by composting than by soil burial. The dominant bacterial communities in the soil were aerobic and/or facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Gelidibacter, Mucilaginibacter, and Brevundimonas. However, the dominant bacteria in the composting system were anaerobic, thermophilic, endospore-forming, and/or halophilic gram-positive bacteria such as Pelotomaculum, Lentibacillus, Clostridium, and Caldicoprobacter. Different dominant bacteria played important roles in the decomposition of pig carcasses in the soil and compost. This study provides useful comparative date for the degradation of pig carcasses in the soil burial and composting systems.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.542-548
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• 2015

This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors ($k_1$) ranged between $0.145{\sim}0.257day^{-1}$ and persistent degradable factors ($k_2$) were $0.027{\sim}0.080day^{-1}$. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater $k_1$ values (0.257, $0.211day^{-1}$) and smaller $k_2$ values (0.027, $0.030day^{-1}$) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2022

This study investigated microbial communities and their diversity in a full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digester treating sewage sludge. Influent sewage sludge and anaerobic digester samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Busan were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the microbial community structure and diversity in the anaerobic digester could be affected by inoculation effect with influent sewage sludge. Nevertheless, distinct microbial communities were identified as the dominant microbial communities in the anaerobic digester. Twelve genera were identified as abundant bacterial communities, which included several groups of syntrophic bacteria communities, such as Candidatus Cloacimonas, Cloacimonadaceae W5, Smithella, which are (potential) syntrophic-propionate-oxidizing bacteria and Mesotoga and Thermovigra, which are (potential) syntrophic-acetate-oxidizing bacteria. Lentimicrobium, the most abundant genus in the anaerobic digester, may contribute to the decomposition of carbohydrates and the production of volatile fatty acids during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Of the methanogens identified, Methanollinea, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum, Methanospirillum, and Methanoculleus were the dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and Methanosaeta was the dominant aceticlastic methanogens. The findings may be used as a reference for developing microbial indicators to evaluate the process stability and process efficiency of the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2003

A mathematical model was formulated to simulate the long-term performance of an anaerobic bioreactor designed to digest Korean food wastes. The system variables of various decomposition steps were built into the model, which predicts the temporal characters of Solid waste, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the reactor, and gas production in response to various input loadings and temperatures. The predicted values of VFA and gas production were found to be in good agreement with experimental observations in batch and repeated-input systems. Finally, long-term reactor performance was simulated with respect to the seasonal temperature changes from 5C in winter to 25C in Summer at different food waste input loadings. The simulation results provided us with information concerning the success or failure of a process during long-term operation .

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.79-82
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• 2008

Anaerobic biodegradability(AB), which can be determined with the ultimate methane yield by the decomposition of organic materials, is one of the important parameters for the design and the operation of anaerobic digestion plant. In this study, Biochemical Methane Potential(BMP) test has been carried out to evaluate the methane yield of animal manures, such as pig and cattle slurries, and different forage crops cultivated at the reclaimed tideland, such as maize, sorghum, barley, rye, Italian ryegrass(IRG), rape, rush and sludge produced from slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant(SWTP). In the ultimate methane yield of animal manure, that of pig slurry(no used a EM) was 407 $mlCH_4/gVS_{fed}$ higher than 242 $mlCH_4/gVS_{fed}$ of cattle slurry. The ultimate methane yield of spike-crop rye was 442.36 $mlCH_4/gVS_{fed}$ the highest among different forage crops, the other showed the value above a methane yield of 300 $mlCH_4/gVS_{fed}$. The forage crop could be used as a good substrate to improve the methane production in anaerobic co-digestion together with animal manure.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

본 연구는 공기주입에 의한 고형 폐기물의 빠른 안정화를 달성할 수 있는 매립지의 호기성 공정을 평가하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 실험은 매립지에서 최적의 공기주입방법을 평가하기 위해 선별토사를 충전한 4개의 모의 매립조(혐기성, 1PV(pore volume/day)공기주입, 5PV 공기주입, 10PV 공기주입)를 운영하였다. 선별토사를 충전한 bioreactor를 호기성으로 운전한 경우에 공기를 주입하지 않은 bioreactor에 비해 유기물 분해가 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 매립가스의 발생량 및 조성변화와 soil respiration test 결과로부터 5 PV/day으로 공기를 주입한 bioreactor가 유기물 분해율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.290-308
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• 1999

In this study a system for the treatment or recyling of organic wastes from both urban and rural area was recommended. It was developed based on the resource recovery system regarding human being by four tectnologies; forage, methane production, high-grade composting and complete decomposition. High quality compost can be produced by combining several kind of wastes produced from urban and agricultural areas. High quality compost must possess not only general characteristics of ordinary compost, but also a superior ability to improve the soil properties and must contain more nutrients for plant. Cedar chips were recommended as the main bulking agent to adjust moisture contents and air permeability. Charcoal and zeolite can be used not only as the second bulking agent but also as fertilizer for improve the soil amendment. Complete decomposition of organic wastes is defined by organic matter being completely converted to $CO_2$ and water. All the input water was evaporated by the heat produced through the oxidation of organic matter, In the present study, the complete treatments were successfully achieved for Shochu wastewater, swine wastes, thickened excess sewage sludge, wastes produced by Chinese restaurant and anaerobic digested sludge. First of all, recycling center of organic wastes should be established for the protect the environments and effective recovery of organic resources. This may means the way to derive the recovery of human value.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2021

본 연구는 독일 유기물분해율 표준시험법인 VDI4630 시험을 통해 메탄 생성 및 유기물의 분해율을 조사하였으며 시험을 위해 농업 분야의 11개의 폐기물 바이오매스를 공시재료로 선택하여 시험하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 초기에 빠르게 분해되는 생분해성 유기물과 이후 천천히 지속적으로 분해되는 유기물의 비율을 계산하기 위해 Double first-order kinetics 모델을 이용하여 유기물의 분포를 추정하고자 하였다. 그 결과로 본 연구에 적용된 모든 바이오매스는 초기 단계에서 빠른 분해를 보이다가 이후 분해 속도가 일정 시간 느려지기 시작하여 초기 분해 속도보다 10배 이상 느려지는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 분해율 변화 경향은 바이오매스 분해의 전형적인 형태이며 쉽게 분해되는 인자(k₁)는 채소 작물에서 0.097~0.152 day^-1 범위였고, 분해에 저항성을 가지는 인자(k₂)는 0.002~0.024 day^-1 사이에 위치하였다. 유기물 분해율이 높을수록 k₁ 상수 값이 더 크게 나타났으나 (0.152, 0.144day^-1) 오이와 파프리카 열매와 같이 표면에 왁스층이 존재하는 부산물은 k₁ 값이 오히려 줄기보다 낮았고 (0.002, 0.005day^-1), 무와 귤껍질도 k₁ 각각 0.097과 0.094 day^-1로 낮은 분해율과 k₁ 값을 보여 유기물의 분해율은 이분해성 유기물 분해 상수인 k₁ 값에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.