• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1984

For the purpose of investigating whether the administration of sunflower pollen load has any influence upon liver cholesterol metabolism in mouse, lipids were isolated from sunflower pollen load, identified and quantitated by thin-layer and gas liquid chromatographies. We also studied changes in liver cholesterol level in mouse according to the amount and the period of pollen load administration. Lipids of sunflower pollen load were constituted 84.10f of neutral lipid, 10.50% of glycolipid and 5.40% of phospholipid. The main fatty acid contents of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were ranged 28.48 to 33.70% of linoleic acid, 12.90 to 47.50% of palmitic acid ana 11.20 to 12.20% of oleic acid, however, phospholipid contained more palmitic acid than the other lipids. The body weight of the Pollen fed mouse significantly increased during experimental Period in comparison with control group. From the fact tat the ratio of liver weight to body weight of pollen fed mouse was smaller than that of control group, it was proved that liver lipid metabolism of pollen fed mouse was more active than that of control group. During early experimental period, liver cholesterol level had been increased according to pollen load administration(P.O), and then the level decreased rapidly to the similar level to that of control group at the end of the period.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.751-762
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of multimedia service under the heterogeneous end-terminals and network environment by monitoring the data receiving status of the group members regularly when the sender multicasts real-time multimedia data to a group. Especially, it focuses to reduce the total number of status information responded to the sender from the receivers. Accordingly. it upgrades the sender's performance by suppressing the number of status information packets generated by the receivers. The key idea of this study starts from how we profile the activity of all the members in a group. We assume that the receiver status in the worst status, so called primary receiver, represents the status of the whole group. This means that the whole group is assumed as being degraded in performance if the primary receiver is degraded, and that the whole group is assumed as being upgraded if the primary one is upgraded. In this algorithm, the primary receiver announces its status information to the whole group prior to other receivers, ana every receiver listening to the primary and other receivers' status compares its own status with them. Accordingly, any receiver may give up the status notification in case its status is not worse than others, resulting in the reduction of unnecessary responses to the sender.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.581-586
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to prepare seaweed extracts suppressing mutagenic activity of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine ( PhIP ) ana 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) derived from cooked meat produce. The tumor initiation activity of PhIP and MeIQx was assayed with Ames method using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S-9 mixtures before and after addition of methanol-solubles of seaweed, such as, Phaeophyta; Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia stolonifera Ecklonia cava, Laminaia japonica Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum hornezi, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum thunbergii, Agarum cribrosum and Hizikia fusifomis, Rhodophpei Porphyra yezoensis, Grateloupia eiliptiut Lomentraria catenata, Ploemium telfairiae and Glarilaria verrucosa, Chlorophyta; Codium fragile, Enteromorpha compresa and Ulva pertusa. Among seaweed tested, Phaeophyta was shown the higher desmutagenic activity than Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. E. stolonifera, E. cava and S. miyabei, among Phaeophyta exerted the stronger desmutagenic activity (above $90\%$/2 mg). The ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and chlomform extracts except water extracts from E. stolonifera exhibited a high desmutagenic activity. The ethyl acetate extract of E. stolonifera which showed highest activity was fractionated with Sephadex LH20 column chromatography to give active fraction A-7, which showed desmutagenicity of $90\%$/mg against PhIP and $80\%$/mg against MeIQx. The active fraction had the absorbance at 207.7 and 232nm.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of kilovoltage- peak (kVp) and the metal artifact reduction (MAR) tool on the detection of buccal and lingual peri-implant dehiscence in the presence of titanium-zirconia (Ti-Zr) and zirconia (Zr) implants in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Twenty implant sites were created in the posterior region of human mandibles, including control sites (without dehiscence) and experimental sites (with dehiscence). Individually, a Ti-Zr or Zr implant was placed in each implant site. CBCT scans were performed using a Picasso Trio device, with variation in the kVp setting (70 or 90 kVp) and whether the MAR tool was used. Three oral radiologists scored the detection of dehiscence using a 5-point scale. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated and compared by multi-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results: The kVp, cortical plate involved (buccal or lingual cortices), and MAR did not influence any diagnostic values (P>0.05). The material of the implant did not influence the ROC curve values(P>0.05). In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity were statistically significantly influenced by the implant material (P<0.05) with Zr implants showing higher sensitivity values and lower specificity values than Ti-Zr implants. Conclusion: The detection of peri-implant dehiscence was not influenced by kVp, use of the MAR tool, or the cortical plate. Greater sensitivity and lower specificity were shown for the detection of peri-implant dehiscence in the presence of a Zr implant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.616-630
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan-derived microbial metabolite that has been associated with protective effects against inflammatory and metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effects of IPA under physiological conditions and at the intestinal level. MATERIALS/METHODS: Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were treated for 2, 24, and/or 72 h with IPA or its precursors - indole, tryptophan, and propionate - at 1, 10, 100, 250, or 500 μM to assess cell viability, integrity, differentiation, and proliferation. RESULTS: IPA induced cell proliferation and this effect was associated with a higher expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and a lower expression of c-Jun. Although indole and propionate also induced cell proliferation, this involved ERK2 and c-Jun independent mechanisms. On the other hand, both tryptophan and propionate increased cell integrity and reduced the expression of claudin-1, whereas propionate decreased cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these findings suggested that IPA and its precursors distinctly contribute to the proliferation, differentiation, and barrier function properties of human intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the pro-proliferative effect of IPA in intestinal epithelial cells was not explained by its precursors and is rather related to its whole chemical structure. Maintaining IPA at physiological levels, e.g., through IPA-producing commensal bacteria, may be important to preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier and play an integral role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2009

Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Ab) in Korean children with Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP). Methods : The medical records of 62 patients (31 boys and 31 girls) aged $46.0{\pm}3.1$ (1-16) years with a clinical diagnosis of HSP based on the EULAR/PReS criteria were reviewed retrospectively. From the years 2007 to 2009, the sera from children with acute HSP were tested for aPL Ab such as LA, anti-cardiolipin antibody and anti-${\beta}_2$ glycoprotein I antibody. Results : LA was positive in 18 (29%) of the 62 patients with HSP and We divided the patients into the two groups LA positive group (N=18) and LA negative group (N=44). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to abdominal pain, arthralgia and renal involvement, but LA positive group had significantly higher C-reactive protein ($4.3{\pm}7.2$ mg/dL vs. $1.3{\pm}1.8$ mg/dL, P=0.035), erythrocyte sedimentation rate ($37.5{\pm}26.2$ mm/hr vs. $25.1{\pm}22.6$ mm/hr, P= 0.039), IgM ($148.1{\pm}48.4$ mg/dL vs. $114.9{\pm}41.5$ mg/dL, P=0.024), C3 ($143.1{\pm}21.9$ mg/dL vs. $129.7{\pm}24.5$ mg/dL, P=0.048) and C4 levels ($30.9{\pm}6.3$ mg/dL vs. $24.9{\pm}7.8$ mg/dL, P=0.002) compared with LA negative group. Conclusion : We found that the incidence of positive aPL Ab tests was relatively higher in Korean children with HSP and the presence of aPL Ab was associated with acute inflammatory process of HSP. These results suggest that the aPL Ab are involved in the pathogenesis of HSP in children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.4 s.40
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• pp.343-356
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• 1992

Authors studied the workers' knowledge about the health problems detected through the previous workers' periodic health examination, content of follow-up management ana actions taken for their health problem detected on previous health examination. From June to September 1992, workers' periodic health examination was peformed on workers employed in 10 companies located in 2 middle-sized Korean cities. A questionnaire survey was done far 150 workers who reported to have $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder at the previous workers' periodic health examination done in 1991. The results are as follows; 1. Of 160 workers who had $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder in previous examination one year before, only 85 workers(51.3%, 43 workers with hypertension, 38 workers with live disorder) responded that they have such disorders. The other 65 workers responded to questionnaire were all those with C results. Respondents' knowledge about their diagnoses was relatively precise (95.2% in hypertension group, 94.6% in liver disorder group) but knowledge about classification of diseases was poor. 2. The main efforts to solve the health problem nab self management (20 spells, 55.3%), visiting clinic or hospital(6 spells, 12.8%), use of herb medicine (2 spells, 4.3%) and use of drug store(2 spells, 4.3%) in hypertension group. In liver disorder group, 30 spells (71.4%) relied on self management,6 spells (14.3%) on hospital or clinic and 9 spells (21.4%) had no effort to improve the health problem. Content of self management was low salt diet, quit smoking, regular exercise and quit alcohol drinking in order. Avoidance of salt in diet was high in hypertension group and quitting alcohol drinking was high in liver disorder group. In those with self management, 80.7% of hypertension group and 83.3% of liver disorder group continued previous effort. Those, however, who utilized clinic or hospital, only 16.7% and 50.0% were still visiting hospital or clinic. 3. Fifty seven percent of hypertension group and 64.3% of liver disorder group was presently smoking,8.5% and 11.9% reduced smoking and 21.3% and 14.3% stopped smoking. Forty nine percent of hypertension group and 28.6% of liver disorder group was presently drinking. Reduced alcohol intake was reported in 29.8% and 40.5%, 12.8ole and 23.8% stopped alcohol drinking. Sixty six percent of hypertension group and 73.8% of liver disorder group did no regular exercise, but 12.8% and 11.9% of each group increased their physical exercise far last one year. Forty three percent of hypertension group and 38.l% of liver disorder group was overweight (defined by bodymass index greater or equal than 25). Reduced body Weight was reported in 17.2% and 16.7% of each group. Reduced dietary salt intake was high in hypertension group (51.5%). The study results suggest that follow-up management after workers' periodic health examination is not satisfactory. In order to improve this situation, adequate information on the result of the workers' periodic health examination should be distributed to each worker group with health education and counselling.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.356-364
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the background color-interceptive ability ana opacity of opaque shade composites (Universal composite, Filtek Z350, Charisma, Clearfil ST, Palpaque Estelite, Esthet-X, and Metafil Flo). Twenty four background specimens (diameter 5.5 mm, thickness 3.0 mm) with Root dentin Mustard (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) were made. The CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ value of background specimens was measured by a spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Three specimens in every group were filled on the background specimens. The surface color of samples was measured by a spectrophotometer in 3.0 mm and every thickness to 0.5 mm while grinding. The color difference in the background color along with 3.0 mm specimen gauged the masking effect in each thickness while grinding and polishing. The opacity was calculated in 1 mm thick specimens. The opacity was in the decreasing order of Clearfil ST, Metafil Flo, Filtek Z350, Palpaque Estelite, Universal composite, Charisma, and Esthet-X (p < 0.05). As the thickness get reduced, $L^*$ value showed decreasing, $a^*$ increasing tendency. The surface color difference between pair of the 3.0 mm thick specimen and after grinding in same opaque resin was above 3.3 except Clearfil ST and Metafil Flo. The color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) between pair of background specimen and opaque resin built-up specimen showed more than 10.0 regardless kinds and thickness. The variance in opacity characteristics and color of the opaque composites is dependent upon manufacturer. When using the opaque resin, the optical properties of each material must be considered as well as cavity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 1978

Using the skins of conger eel, Astroconger myriaster, and hagfish, Eptatretus burzeri, from fillet manufactory, the optimum conditions of skin glue processing were investigated and physical ana chemical properties of the product were also determined. The yields of conger eel and hagfish skin to the total body weight were $10.6\%$ and $11.4\%$, respectively. The optimum processing conditions for conger eel skin glue were the extraction of skins which were previously tinted with $0.3\%$ calcium hydroxide solution for one hour, in water at pH 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$ for four hours. The additional water was six times sample weight. In case of the hagfish skin glue, the liming time with $0.3\%$ calcium hydroxide solution was suitable for three hours, and the skins were extracted with water as much as nine times sample weight at pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$ for three hours. The contents of crude protein of conger eel and hagfish skin glue were $91.5\%$ and $90.2\%$, respectively. The content of crude lipid was slightly higher than that of chemical grade gelatin. Relative viscosity, melting point, gelation temperature and jelly strength of conger eel skin glue were 13.6, $15.2^{\circ}C$, $6.2^{\circ}C$ and 13.0g respectively and those of hagfish skin glue were 12.9, $14.8^{\circ}C$, $4.3^{\circ}C$ and 23.3g respectively. The turbidity of conger eel skin glue and hagfish skin glue were slightly superior to those of dry glue.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1977

For this study 3 samples of the home-made meju and 3 samples of the improved meju were selected according to their characteristics. A total of 25 strains of true fungi were isolated from the samples of the home-made meju and identified by the Key of Alexopoulos and Raper, using a strain Aspergillus oryzae A-113 as a control. Amylolytic and proteolytic enzyme activities of the isolated strains were investigated ana the results obtained were as follows. 1. The 25 strains from the home-made meju were identified into 2 Aspergillus oryzae, 14 Asp. flavus, 6 Penicillum spp. 1 Candida sp 1 Spicaria sp and 1 Rhizopus sp. 2. The 3 strains from the improved meju were all identified as Aspergillus oryzae. 3. Aspergillus flavus, A-B, from the home-made meju was found to he the strongest strain in ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity and also to be similar to the strains of Aspergillus orzae from improved meju. 4. Aspergillus flavus, A-7, from the home-made meju was found to be the strogest strain in ${\beta}-amylase$ activity and stronger than that from the improved meju. 5. Aspergillus flavus B-3, was found to be the strongest strain in protease activity and stronger than that from the improved meju. 6. Some of the strains from the home-made meju turned out to be harmful strains, such as Penicillium spp. which secrete antibiotics, Asp. flavus which secretes mycotoxin, Candida sp which causes skin diseases, Spicaria sp. which is a insect pathogen. 7. Rhizopus sp was also found but it has not been proved to be harmful.