• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2005

Pairing을 이용한 신원기반의 공개키 암호시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되면서 신원기반의 다양한 키 합의 프로토콜이 제안되었으나, 대부분의 기법들이 키 합의 프로토콜에서 요구되는 보안 요구사항을 만족하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 최근 Liu 등과 Kim 등은 한 번의 프로토콜의 수행을 통해 복수개의 키를 설정할 수 있는 키 합의 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Liu 등의 기법을 개선한 신원기반의 3자간 복수개의 키 합의 프로토콜을 제안한다. Liu 등의 기법과 유사하게 키 교환 메시지에 서명을 추가하지만 Liu 등의 기법보다 효율적인 프로토콜의 수행이 가능하다. 그리고 제안 프로토콜은 서로 다른 여러 키 발급센터(Private key generator, PKG)들이 관여하는 환경에서도 프로토콜의 수행이 가능하며, 프로토콜에 참여하는 각 개체들이 자신의 소속에 따라 별개의 키 발급센터로부터 발행된 개인키를 사용할 수 있으므로 보다 실용적이며 효율적으로 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-114
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• 2003

The Federal Arbitration Act and the States Arbitration acts of the United States approve that the an arbitration clause should be construed broadly and the Courts interpreted it broadly without being curbed by the written meaning of clause itself. The Courts also divided the interpretation of arbitration clause from the interpretation of other clauses of contract to approve the validity of arbitration clause and further expanded the scope of arbitration. However, the Arbitration Act of Korea does not specify a general principle about how an arbitration clause should be interpreted. The Supreme Court did not have a case yet but the lower courts kept their posture that an arbitration clause should be clear by resulting narrow interpretation and should be written to the extent that it excludes the power of courts from jurisdiction. As a result, there would be cases that arbitration is not permitted although an arbitration clause exists. The parties intending arbitration are frustrated about how to draft an arbitration clause into their agreement. There were the cases that the parties which took the prevailing position attempted to delay dispute resolutions by dragging disputes into litigation even if they agreed to resolve through arbitration, on the basis that an arbitration clause was incomplete. Although the arbitration statutes of the United States cannot apply in Korea, the way of their approaches to the interpretation of arbitration clause can be taken into consideration in view of the globalization of arbitration.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.113-146
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• 2005

Bankruptcy proceedings serve the purpose of the collective satisfaction of the debtor's creditors through the realisation of the debtor's assets and the distribution of the proceeds therefrom. Upon the adjudication bankruptcy, the debtor's right to administer and dispose of the property belonging to the bankruptcy estate shall be vested in the administrator. If a mutual contract was not or not completely fulfilled by the debtor and the other party at the time of the adjudication of bankruptcy, the administrator has right to choose wether to fulfil or terminate the contractual relation. Legal acts that have been conducted prior to the adjudication of bankruptcy and that are detrimental to the debtor's creditors may be contested by the administrator. However, these effects of bankruptcy will have not great influence on the arbitration agreement between the debtor and another party. An arbitration agreement that has been conducted prior to the adjudication of bankruptcy is binding the administrator as an universal legal successor of debtor. Only the arbitration agreement directly disadvantageous to the debtor's creditors may be contested by the administrator. Furthermore, it is not at the discretion of administrator whether or not to submit the dispute to arbitration because an arbitration agreement does not belong under the category of Art. 50 Korean bankruptcy Act which demands a mutual contract. Arbitral proceeding upon the property of the bankruptcy estate and pending for the debtor as plaintiff or against the debtor as defendant at the date of the adjudication of bankruptcy may be taken up at the given status by the administrator. This leads to a change of the party. If a duly summoned party fails to appear in arbitration court, the arbitrator, if satisfied there is no valid excuse, may continue the proceedings and make the award as if all the parties were present. This may be disadvantagious to the debtor's creditors because the arbitral award have the same effects on the participants as the final and conclusive judgement of the court. Even if there is a change of party on side of debtor to the administrator in bankruptcy, the arbitral proceedings will not be automatically postponed or suspended. The matter of how to proceed is at discretion of administrator, when the parties haven't agree on the arbitral proceedings. He can continue the arbitral proceedings without to grant an adjournment of hearing. However, an arbitration award may be challenged by a party dissatisfied and set aside by the court based upon the misconduct that violates the basic rights of the parties to a fair hearing. The arbitrator must treat the parties equally in the arbitral proceedings and give each party a full opportunity to present his case. The arbitrator, therefore, will carefully exercise his discretion in determining whether to continue the arbitral proceedings or to grant a postponing. In the practice, the arbitral proceedings may be usually postponed to grant due process.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2004

Coastal states are adopting maritime boundary delimitation as their primary maritime policy because maritime jurisdiction directly relates to vast economic interest. This becomes specially important and sensitive when complex maritime boundary issues are involved between neighboring coastal states. China has not actively carried out nor declared maritime boundary delimitation until recently with any country except Agreement between China and Viet Nam on the demarcation of the territorial water, the exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf of China and Vet Nam in the Gulf of Tonkin on 25 December 2000 (hereinafter, the Gulf of Tonkin Agreement). The principles that governs maritime boundary delimitation are to consider primarily an agreement between States concerned, however, if no agreement can be reached, all relevant circumstances are considered to achieve an equity between concerned States. Relevant circumstances are length of coastline, form of coastline, existence and position of island or islands, speciality of geology/topography, and factor of economy and deffnce. Factors which sinologists are considering in regard to continental shelf delimitation of the Yellow Sea are as follows; i) geographical factor, ii) geological factor, iii) topographical factor, iv) environment and ecological (factor, v) historic interest, and vi) social and economic interest. The 'Gulf of Tonkin Agreement' is completed by basically applying the principle of delimitation according to median line which seems that China has adopted the maritime boundary delimitation principle of 'half and half' which was the intention of chinese government. At the same time, China recognized Viet Nam's dominion and sovereign right over the partial exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of Dao Bach Long Vi in Gulf of Tonkin. This case can be considered as an example of mutual concession or compromise in delimiting maritime boundary for states of concerned.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of an education program on inter-rater agreement of Neonatal/Infant Braden Q Scale for clinical nurses working at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This was single-arm pre and post experimental study. The participants were 12 nurses and 128 hospitalized neonates at a NICU from December, 2012 to March, 2013. Twelve nurses were divided into four different groups; for two groups were assigned nurses with 3 to 5 years of clinical experiences, and for the others with less than 1 year of clinical experience. The interventions were given by one wound ostomy specialist and two NICU nurses with over 5 years of clinical experiences for 1 hour twice. The inter-rater agreement was measured by intraclass-correlation coefficient. Results: Overall inter-rater agreement was improved from .87(95% CI: .80~.92) at the pre-test to .94(.91~.96) at post-test. Each inter-rater agreement except moisture and nutrition was also improved. Conclusion: The developed education program on scoring for Neonatal/Infant Braden Q scale was effective to improve the inter-rater agreement among clinical nurses. We suggest to privide an education for NICU nurse before using the Neonatal/Infant Braden Q scale in clinical settings.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.3-29
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• 2019

A franchise business is a business in which the owners, or "franchisors," sell the rights to their business logo, name, and model to third party retail outlets, owned by independent, third party operators, called "franchisees." There are a number of features in franchising or terms in franchise agreements that may lead to disputes between franchisors and franchisees. These disputes may arise because of underlying risks in the franchise relationship, franchise agreement, or conduct of the parties. In this case, ADR is an effective way to resolve disputes in a quicker and often less costly way than having to go to court. If an agreement cannot be reached through mediation, then arbitration becomes the next step to resolving the differences. Whereas mediation is non-binding and focused on facilitating the parties to find a resolution that is acceptable to both, arbitration is binding and may result in a decision that is not acceptable to one of the parties. These situations can be resolved through experienced arbitration as arbitration allows franchisees to settle matters promptly and outside of the public eye. In addition, franchise dispute arbitration is usually less costly than going to traditional court. Considering all of these, reaching an agreement will also have typical clauses that address the issue of dispute resolution. It is again a more efficient process than going through the legal process and courts and is often less costly. By going through arbitration, the parties agree to give up their rights to pursue the dispute in the courts. However, there is a problem that the arbitration prior to the agreement and under the terms would be contrary to the restriction of jurisdiction under the "ACT ON THE REGULATION OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS" in Korea.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Korean's value of children and perception of parenting difficulty through the agreement to the three kinds of Korean proverbs: difficulty of parenting, preference of son and value of daughter. Also, this study attempted to identify whether the value of children and the perceived difficulty of parenting measured by the agreement of the proverb is related to the number of children they thought as ideal before marriage and the number of children they actually have. Total 385 married men and women who have a job participated in the survey. Main result is as follows. 1) In most cases, the ideal number of children was at least equal or more than the actual number of children. 2) The subjects showed higher degree of agreement to the proverbs regarding the difficulty of parenting than the preference of son or the value of daughter. 3) The degree of agreement to each kind of proverbs were different in terms of some demographic variables such as age and sex. 4) When the age effect controlled, the ideal number of son had correlation with the agreement to the son-preference proverbs while the ideal number of daughter or total children had no correlation with agreement to any kinds of proverb. The actual number of son was positively correlated with agreement to the son-preference proverbs while actual number of daughter was negatively correlated with it. In conclusion, this study suggests the Korean's value of children has been rapidly changing and it has, in part, an effect on the number of children they want to have or they actually have.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2005

현재까지 제안된 대부분의 신원기반 키 동의 프로토콜은 단일 PKG(Private Key Generator) 환경을 고려하고 있다. 2002년에 Chen과 Kudla는 처음으로 다중 PKG 환경을 고려한 신원기반 2자간 키 동의 프로토콜을 제안하였지만 이들은 PKG의 마스터키를 제외한 다른 시스템 파라미터는 공유한다고 가정하고 있다. 그러나 PKG의 마스터키 이외에 다른 파라미터마저도 공유하지 않는 것이 보다 현실적인 가정이다. 이 논문에서는 시스템 파라미터를 공유하지 않는 각 PKG들로부터 개인키를 발급 받은 두 사용자들 간의 2자간 키 동의 프로토콜과 이를 확장한 두 가지 버전의 3자간 키 동의 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 2자간 키 동의 프로토콜은 다중 PKG 환경에서 최소의 pairing 연산량을 요구하며, 제안된 3자간 키 동의 프로토콜은 다중 PKG 환경에서 기존의 3자간 키 동의 프로토콜들에 비해 효율적이다. 또한 제안된 키 동의 프로토콜들은 키 동의 프로토콜의 보안 요구사항을 만족한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권7호
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• pp.949-958
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• 2005

이 논문에서 우리는 여러 사용자들이 동시에 세션키를 교환하는 키 교환 스킴에 대해서 연구한다. 이런 상황은 사용자들을 그래프 노드들로 표현하고 두 사용자간에 키를 만들어야 하는 상황을 에지로 표현하는 키 그래프에 의해서 묘사될 수 있다. 우리는 키 그래프에 있는 모든 에지들을 위한 세션키들을 하나의 세션에서 동시에 만드는 키 교환 스킴을 설계한다. 키 그래프를 위한 키 교환은 양자간 키 교환의 확장판이라고 할 수 있다. 우리는 양자간 키 교환 안전성 모델을 확장해서 키 그래프를 위한 키 교환 안전성 모델을 제안한다. 우리는 란수 직 산용 테크닉을 사용해서 두개의 키 그래프를 위한 키 교환 스킴을 설계하며 안전성을 증명한다. 우리가 제안하는 스킴들의 안전성은 decisional Diffie-Hellman 가정에 의존한다. 첫 번째 스킴은 일 라운드 키 교환 프로토콜이며 키 독립성을 보장한다. 두 번째 스킴은 일 라운드이며 전방위 안전성을 보장한다. 제안하는 두 가지 스킴들의 안전성은 모두 표준 모델에서 증명된다. 제안되는 프로토콜들은 최초의 다중 키 교환 프로토콜이며, 단순히 양자간 키 교환 프로토콜들을 반복 사용해서 키들을 만드는 것보다 훨씬 효율적이다. 예로서 한 사용자가 n명의 다른 사용자와 키를 만든다고 가정하자. 가장 단순한 프로토콜은 각각의 사용자들과의 키 교환을 위해서 양자간 키 교환을 사용하는 것으로서, 이 때는 계산량과 메시지 전송량이 n에 비례하게 된다. 제안되는 프로토콜들은 n개의 키를 만드는데 있어서 계산량은 n에 비례하나 전송되는 메시지의 양은 교환되는 키들의 수에 상관없이 일정하다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2022

우리나라 원양산업은 대중성 수산물 공급 및 식량안보에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. IMO를 비롯한 각국에서는 어선의 국제적으로 통일된 안전 기준 마련을 위하여 노력하였고, '1977년 어선안전 토레몰리노스 협약' 채택을 시작으로 '2012 케이프 타운 협정' 채택을 하였으나 발효 요건을 충족하지 못하고 있다. 그러나 2019 토레몰리노스 선언으로 협정의 발효가 가시화되었고, 우리나라도 협정 비준을 앞두고 있으며 원양어선이 협정의 적용 대상이 된다. 2012 케이프 타운 협정은 적용 대상 기준을 선체의 길이 또는 총톤수를 선택할 수 있고, 현존선에 대해서도 일부 적용이 된다. 현존선에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위하여 한국원양산업협회 회원으로 등록된 원양어선 188척을 대상으로 분석한 결과 총톤수 적용이 협정 비준에 미치는 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Two-way VHF, Radar transponder 등 GMDSS 설비의 강제화 및 선원들의 안전 친숙화 등의 대한 법령 개정이 필요한 것으로 식별되었다. 산업계에서는 협정에서 요구하는 설비의 비치와 어선원의 안전 친숙화가 필요하다.