• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2012

This research was to examine the physiochemical factors and the attached diatoms of ecological wetland in Paju from August 2010 to May 2011. As a result of physicohemical water quality assessment, the water temperature did not fluctuate much due to ample riparian vegetation and aquatic plants growing at the site. Due to the effect of Han River Estuary, site 4, 5 and 6 had high electricity conductivity. The BOD concentration was high at site 2, 3, and 4 caused by decrease in water quantity and inflow of polluted water. At all sites, T-N and T-P concentrations ranged from eutrophic to hypertrophic status. At the downstream, the T-N and T-P concentrations decreased by inhabiting aquatic plant. Total of 98 taxa of attached diatoms were found. As for dominant taxa, Achnanthes convergens, A. minutissima, Gomphonema gracile, G. parvulum, Melosira varians, Navicula seminulum, N. minima, N. pseudolanceolata, Nitzschia amphibia, N. palea, Surirella minuta and Synedra ulna var. fragilariodes appeared. The result of biological assessment of water quality rated the sites B(suboptimal)~D(poor) during seasons of low water temperature, Fall and Winter, with DAIpo ranging 24.1~68.2 and TDI of 48.4~85.6. During Spring and Summer, all sites were rated D(poor) with DAIpo lower than or equal to 40, and TDI above or equal to 70. The biological assessment of water quality at the research site showed inferior TDI result compared to that of DAIpo.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1992

In an attempt to produce transgenic amphibia, bacteriophage ${\lambda}-DNA$ was microinjected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis, and the effect on early embryogenesis and the ultrastructural behavior of exogenous DNA were investigated. The effect of microinjected gene on embryonic development showed differences according to the concentration of injected DNA and the incubation temperature. Various concentrations of ${\lambda}-DNA$ were tested. Among those, microinjection of 1-2 ng DNA dissolved in 20 nl TE buffer was not shown to disturb normal embryonic development and was recorded the highest survivability to the late tadpole stage (Stage 43); however, injection of increased concentrations of DNA than above provoked irregular cleavages or abnormal appearances, which resulted in reduced survivability. When the injected embryos were incubated at low temperatures (e.g., $12^{\circ}C$), 54.5% of the embryos developed to Stage 43, whereas 42.4% survived when incubated at room temperature. The survivability showed also differences according to the injection site. 58.0% of the embryos developed to Stage 43 when microinjected into the vegetal pole, whereas 44.9% survived when microinjected into the animal pole. To understand the structural fate or behavior of injected DNA a combined light and electron microscopical study was applied. The nucleus-like structure was observed in the ${\lambda}$ DNA-injected embryos, which was quite a similar to the interphase nuclei of normal Xenopus laevis. The nucleus-like structure showed the typical double-layered nuclear membrane and nuclear complexes; however, it consisted of unusual structures such as furrows of nuclear envelope into the nucleoplasm.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2015

두꺼비(Bufo gargarizans)의 정소주기를 파악하기 위해 2012년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 전라북도 정읍시 일대에서 채집한 수컷 성체를 대상으로 gonadosomatic index(GSI) 및 정소 내 생식세포의 변화를 연중 조사하였다. 세정관 내 정자형성은 4월부터 시작되어져 7월에 가장 활발하게 진행되었으며 이 시기에 GSI 값이 가장 컸고 세정관 단면적도 가장 넓게 나타났다. 2월부터는 정자배출 후 단계의 세정관이 출현하기 시작하여 3월에 가장 많이 존재하였고 이 시기에 제1 정원세포가 나타났으며 GSI와 세정관 단면적도 최저치를 나타내어 정자형성은 GSI 및 세정관 변화와 일치하는 잠재적 연속형으로 진행되었다. 본 결과들로 보아 두꺼비 수컷의 정소주기 중 정자형성은 4월부터 7월에 활발하게 진행되며 번식기는 2월에서 3월로 확인되었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1990

양서류의 여포난자를 생체외에서 배양하면서 호르몬을 처리하면 난자의 성숙(핵붕괴)을 일으킨다. 본 연구는 북방산개구리의 여포난자를 배양하면서 난자내 단백질 분해효소들의 활성변화를 유도하여 이것이 난자의 성숙에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. chymotrypsin의 저해제로 알려진 N$\alpha$ -tosyl-L-phenylalanine-chloromethyl-ketone(TPCK)을 배양액에 처리하면 비교적 낮은 농도(0.001-1 $\mu$M)에서는 호르몬의 도움없이도 난자의 성숙을 유도하나 높은 농도 (100 $\mu$M)에서는 호르몬에 의한 난자의 성숙까지도 억제하는 이중적인 효과를 나타내었다. Trypsin의 저해제인 N$\alpha$ -tosyl-L-phenylalanine-chloromethyl-ketone(TPCK)은 성숙유도능력이 없을 뿐 아니라 progesterone에 의한 난자의 성숙을 억제하였다. Trypsin을 직접 처리했을 때에는 농도에 의존하여(0.001-1$\mu$g/2ml) 호르몬의 도움없이도 난자의 성숙을 유도함을 발견하였다. TLCK나 TPCK의 억제효과는 성숙 초기에만 나타났다. 본 결과는 양서류 난자의 성숙조절 과정에 몇종의 단백질 분해효소들이 참여한다는 것을 시사해주고 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

This study was corried out to provide basic data for water analysis biodiversity, Actual vegetation map, flora and fauna on the Sanchon-tideland(Geojaesi), Doma-tideland(Namhaegun) in Kyungsangnamdo from august 2002 to February 2003. This tidelands was very broad and was being reclaimed. Therefore, it was anxious about destroying the habitat of the water birds. Since the water temperature was influenced by the surrounding air, it was highest in summer and lowest in winter. pH value and DO concentration of the water was highest in winter in the Sanchon-tideland and in surmmer in the Doma-tideland. COD concentration was lowest in winter in two tidelands. SS concentration was highest in summer. T-P and T-N concentration were very low but decreased with the seasonal change from summer to winter. Vascular plants of this area consist of 11 varieties, 67 species, 64 genera, 29 families(Sanchon-tideland) and 1 forma, 11varieties, 62 species, 64 genera, 30 families(Doma-tideland). The predominant community of this area, Phragmites communis Community were found on the seashore. The total insect specimens were classified into 120 species, 48 families, 10 orders(Sanchon-tideland) and perdominant species were Gabala argentata(Dominance 18.78%, Diversity index 1.75, Richness index 45.78). And 91 species, 40 families, 8 orders(Doma-tideland) and perdominant species were Sternolophus (Sternolophus) rufipes(Dominance 15.47%, Diversity index 1.47, Richness index 33.66). The total Fishes were classified into 3 species, 2 families, 1 order and Amphibia were 3 species, 2 families, 1 order. And Salicomia herbacea should be worthwhile species to conserve in this area. Because the water birds lived in The Tideland Sanchon and Doma, it was considered that it was necessary to preserve them.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1999

Nucleotide sequences of a 501 base-pair (bp) fragment in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were analyzed for 12 populations of Rana rugosa from Korea and Japan using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct silver sequencing. Two genetically distinct groups (type-A and type-B) were found in Korea. Type-A was found throughout most of South Korea and type-B was restricted to the mid-southeastern regions (Samchok, Yongdok, Chongsong and Pohang). But in the Tonghae population, both types were found. The level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence differences ranged from 0% to .0.8% among six populations of type-A, and 0 to 1.0% among 4 populations of type-B. However, sequence differences between type-A and type-B ranged from 5.4% to 6.6%, Using Kimura's two-parameter distance, the level of genetic sequence divergence between type-A and type-B was 6.7%. The Japanese R. rugosa was clustered very far from the Korean R. rugosa with 14.7%. In the neighbor-joining and UPGMA tree, all Korean samples were grouped, but subdivided into two types in 99% of the bootstrap iteration.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.43-58
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• 1978

양서류 수정란을 제 1 난할전에 중금속으로 처리하였던바 개구리의 시원생식세포수의 양전변화를 가져 왔다. 중금속의 일정량의 처리는 양서류 초기발생중에 시원생식세포 형성을 저하시켰다. 납 70ppm과 카드뮴 4ppm 이상에서 배양하면 9내지 12mm배에서 시원생식세포의 수적감소를 가져 왔으나 그후의 발생에서는 거의 정상군과같은 증가율을 보였다. 한편 수은 0.8ppm이상의 처리군에서는 생식 세포형성에 보다 심한 저하를 가져 왔으며 그후의 증가율도 대체로 낮았다. 위의 사실들은 자외선 조사 실험에서 얻은 결과와는 달리 양서류란에 있어서 중금속 처리는 조직에 심한 손상을 주는 다량투여에도 시원생식세포의 완전 배제에는 효과가 적다는 것을 암시한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2010

A Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop (SSB) system was planned, designed, and finally constructed, and maintained in the An-teo Reservoir ecological park, which is the habitat of the endangered Gold-spotted Pond Frog. The system purifies polluted water of An-teo Reservoir which flows from up to bottom within the system. Water was sampled once a month at the inlet and at the outlet from December, 2009 to August, 2010. BOD5, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed. Average influent and effluent BOD5 concentration was 2.9 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, and BOD5 removal was 67%. SS concentration of influent and effluent averaged 18.1 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L, respectively, and SS abatement amounted to 86%. Average influent and effluent T-N concentration was 0.426 mg/L and 0.147 mg/L, respectively, and T-N retention was 66%. T-P concentration of influent and effluent averaged 0.071 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L, respectively, and T-P removal amounted to 68%. Plant and frog species of the system were monitored during the period. Amphibia and reptiles provided 7 species and 4 families including the Endangered Gold-Spotted Pond Frog (Rana chosenica ) which also lives in the system. Twenty-six plant species were naturally introduced into the system, however, they didn't make up a significant portion of the plant populations compared with the planted species. The endangered plants, Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica ) and Euryale ferox were observed in An-teo Reservoir as well as in the system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2009

Taebaek city is located in the mountainous plateau area therefore the major industry was coal industry. According to dramatically declining of the major industry, Taebaek city is need to alternative industry which associated with considering the geographical characteristics of natural tourism resources for increasing the local economy. On the basis of these reasons, this study can be suggested ecological planning and mitigation of deterioration technique about the these study site. That is the reserved area for mountainous experience theme park. As the results of environmental ecology assessment are following as; The natural ecosystem areas, multi-layer structure forest such as forest of Pinus densiflora, forest of Quercus mongolica and deciduous forest have a high value of nature, diversity and potential. In addition, wild bird habitats were important area as a inhabitation, breeding, feeding and hiding. Therefore, on these areas should be preserved. Also, it needs to conserve on there such as more than three types of wild bird inhabitate areas, the fringe of high biological diversity, the wetland that have got good vegetation condition and the function of amphibia, reptiles crossing. In addition, inhabitation, the waterway of wetland form that have got wide waterside width needs to conserve. In conclusion, on the basis of analysis results such as conditions of plan, environment, ecological assessments, survey informations are able to suggest the connectivity of the axis of forest and management plan. Moreover, in the part of forest restoration plan, we suggest the plan of transplant for a compensation of damaged forest by land use.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The Gold-spotted pond frog, Rana plancyi chosenica, designated as a vulnerable species by IUCN Red list. This species is a typical example facing local population threats and extinction due to human activities in South Korea. A strategic conservation plan for this endangered species is urgently needed. In order to provide information for future conservation planning, accurate information on the genetic diversity and taxonomic status is needed for the establishment of conservation units for this species. In this study, we used a molecular genetic approach using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and control region sequences to find the genetic diversity of gold-spotted pond frogs within South Korea. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and control region of 77 individuals from 11 populations in South Korea, and one from Chongqing, China. A total of 15 cytochrome b gene haplotypes and 34 control region haplotypes were identified from Korean gold-spotted pond frogs. Mean sequence diversity among Korean gold-spotted pond frogs was 0.31% (0.0-0.8%) and 0.51% (0.0-1.0%), respectively. Most Korean populations had at least one unique haplotype for each locus. The Taean, Ansan and Cheongwon populations had no haplotypes shared with other populations. There was a sequence divergence between Korean and Chinese gold-spotted pond frogs (1.3% for cyt b; 2.9% for control region). Analysis of genetic distances and phylogenetic trees based on both cytochrome b and control region sequences indicate that the Korean gold-spotted pond frog are genetically differentiated from those in China.