• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

The ion exchangers supported on silica gel containing primary, secondary, or tertiary amine groups show a behaviour that is weakly acidic, while the quaternary salts are strongly acidic. These properties change according to the hydrophilicities of the modifier functional groups. Ammonium salt derivatives supported on silica gel were prepared from silica modified with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysiliane and N-3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylehtylene diamine. The preparation and the ion exchange properties of two systems were discussed. Two systems have different hydrophilicities and contain ammonium chloride derivatives of 3-amminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-3-(triehtoxysilyl)propyl ethylene diamine supported on silica gel, $SA^+/Cl^-$ and $SA^+/Cl^-$, respectively. The high affinity to perchlorate ion presented by the $SA^+/Cl^-$ through the equilibrium studies of ion exchange led us to its application as an ion selective electrode for the perchlorate ion. The determination of the perchlorate ion in the presence of other anions and in complexes is very difficult. Few analytical methods are available and most of them are indirect. Both materials showed potential use as an ion exchanger; they are thermically stable, achieve equilibrium rapidly in the presence of suitable exchanger ions, and are easily recovered.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2781-2786
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• 2013

We examined the effect of electrode fingers and gaps of coplanar interdigitated electrode (IDE) structures to characterize the ammonium salt-containing polyelectrolyte film of resistance-based humidity sensors. IDEs designed for this purpose were flexible gold electrodes deposited on a polyimide substrate using a printing process because the geometry presents a potential for tunable sensitivity over other electrode designs. The basic design of the sensors consisted of IDEs with a different number of electrode fingers such as 3, 4, and 5 and gap sizes of 310, 360, 410, and $460{\mu}m$. Details of the AC complex impedance characteristics such as the Nyquist plot, Bode plot, and activation energy based on electrode construction were investigated.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are now broadly understood as a new kind of ionic liquid (IL) because they exhibit many characteristics and properties similar with ILs. The DESs made of quaternary ammonium salt blended with one of hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) compounds behave as ILs even at very low temperature. In this study, properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension, conductivity, and electrochemical behavior of DESs were reported and their applications were reviewed. Study on DESs has been drawn attention on application in metal finishing, but these solvents can be used in a variety of synthesis, and their potentials have been demonstrated in various areas. DESs are expected to offer applicability by extending the types of salts and hydrogen bond donor mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.464-467
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• 2012

A novel chitosan derivative with double quaternary ammonium salt-2-pyridine-acetyl-N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (PATMCS) was synthesized and the antioxidant activity of PATMCS against hydroxyl radicals was assessed. The results indicated that PATMCS had potent hydroxyl scavenging activity. The $IC_{50}$ of PATMCS was 0.13 mg/mL. PATMCS showed 100% scavenging effect at a dose of 0.8 mg/mL which markedly better than that of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCS). It was confirmed that quaternary chitosan derivatives showed potent antioxidant activity. PATMCS has double quaternary ammonium salt structure in the molecules. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of PATMCS was better than TMCS. The above results are theoretically fundamental for further development and making use of chitosan resources to prepare new antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2000

The colorante from black tea infusion were applied to cotton fabric. Dyeing properties were investigated in terms of dye uptakes at various dyeing conditions and the effect of mordants on color change and colorfastness. Cotton showed low affinity to black tea colorants. Effects of mordants on dye uptake was not significant except Sn. Irrespective of mordant type, color of cotton dyed with black tea colorants was brownish and colorfastness was generally good. In order to improve dye uptake, cotton was cationized by treating with Cationon UK(tertiary ammonium salt) and chitosan. Dye uptake of cotton was remarkably increased by cationizing. Cationon UK was more effective than chitosan.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 1998

Cellulose was reacted with ethylene oxide to get hydroxyethylcellulose. Quaternary ammonium salt was produced by reaction of epichlorohydrin and trialkylamine. The epoxide ring was opened by acid addition to 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium chloride. Previously unreported two compounds, hydroxyethylcellulose-2-hydroxypropylammonium chloride ether and hydroxyethylcellulose-2-hydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride ether were synthesized by substitution reaction of hydroxyethylcellulose with glycidyltrialkylammonium chloride or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-glycidyltrialkylammonium trialkylammonium chloride. All of the compounds including starting materials and reaction intermediates were characterized by $^1H$-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.208-210
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• 1999

A new additive for semi-brightness finish in nickel electroplating, having a quarternary ammonium salt structure, has been developed in this study. The effectiveness of the new additive was tested in laboratory-scale eletroplating tests as well as in a full-scale factory plating line. An examination of the plated surface showed that the new additive is as good as the one produced by the most commonly used additive in the nickel plating industry. The plated surface was examined by SEM, EPMA, and Reflectance Spectroscopy, and was found to be compatible to the one obtained with commercial additives. The new additive has a shelf life comparable with those of other commercially available additives. The additive developed in this study has an excellent potential to be used commercially.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 1999

A new additive for semi-brightness finish in nickel electroplating, having a quarternary ammonium salt structure, has been developed in this study. The effectiveness of the new additive was tested in laboratory-scale eletroplating tests as well as in a full-scale factory plating line. An examination of the plated surface showed that the new additive is as good as the one produced by the most commonly used additive in the nickel plating industry. The plated surface was examined by SEM, EPMA, and Reflectance Spectroscopy, and was found to be compatible to the one obtained with commercial additives. The new additive has a shelf life comparable with those of other commercially available additives. The additive developed in this study has an excellent potential to be used commercially.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.579-584
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• 1999

Several oxazolidinones having amine moiety were prepared to form a quaternay ammonium salt with cephalosporin nucleus, and antibacterial activity of the quaternary ammonium cephalosporin derivatives bearing oxazolidinone moiety were examined particularly with expectation of dual activity. However, the cephalosporin-oxazolidinone compounds revealed rather weaker antibacterial activity in vitro than their parent oxazolidinone and cephalosporin without showing any characteristic activity as expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.689-695
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• 2003

Electrochemical decontamination process has been applied for recycle or self disposal with authorization of large amount of metallic wastes contaminated with uranium compounds such as $UO_2$, ammonium uranyl carbonate (AUC), ammonium di-uranate (ADU), and uranyl nitrate(UN) with tributylphosphate(TBP) and dodecane, which are generated by dismantling the contaminated system components and equipment of a retired uranium conversion plant in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Electrochemical decontamination for metallic wastes contaminated with uranium compounds was evaluated through the experiments on the electrolytic dissolution of stainless steel as the material of the system components in neutral salt electrolytes. The effects of type of neutral salt as the electrolyte, current density, and concentration of electrolyte on the dissolution of the materials were evaluated. Decontamination performance tests using the specimens taken from a uranium conversion plant were quite successful with the application electrochemical decontamination conditions obtained through the basic studies on the electrolytic dissolution of structural material of the system components.