• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2014

Anionic (sodium lauryl sulphate, NaLS) cationic (cetyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and non-ionic (Tween-80) surfactants have been found to inhibit the rate of oxiadation L-proline and L-methionine by alkaline $KMnO_4$. A first order dependence of rate of oxidation was observed with respect to $MnO_4{^-}$. The order of reaction in substrate and alkali was found to be fractional nearby 0.65 and 0.55 in Aminoacid and $OH^-$, respectively. An aggregation/association between $MnO_4{^-}$ and surfactant has been confirmed spectrophotometrically. A mechanism, involving kinetically inactive [$MnO_4{^-}$ surfactant] aggregate and consistent with kinetic data, has been proposed. The effect of surfactants has been discussed in terms of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.113-113
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• 1993

항바이러스 작용을 기대하여 6-azauridine의 2',3'-seco 유도체와 이들의 cyclic phosphate 유도체를 합성하였다. 6-azauridine으로부터 periodate oxidation에 의해 2',3'위치를 개열, 환원하여 얻은 triol의 3',5'위치를 acetonide 형으로 보호한 후 2'위치를 tosylation, azidation 하고 deprotection하여 2'-azido-2',3'-seco 유도체 (1)를 얻었다. 2',3'-diazido-2',3'-seco 유도체(2)는 6-azauridine의 2',3'-위치를 먼저 보호한후 5'위치를 benzoylation, 2',3'-deprotection, periodate oxidation 개열로 얻은 diol을 tosyl화 azido화 하고 deprotection하여 얻었다. 5'-azido-2',3'-seco 유도체(3)는 화합물 (2)의 합성시와 동일하게 먼저 2',3'-acetonide로 한후 5'-위치를 tosyl화, azido화 하고 deprotection, 2',3'-perodate 산화 개열등으로 얻었다. cyclic phosphate 유도체 (4)는 상기화합물 (2)를 4-NPPDC로 처리하여 3',5'-p-nitrophenylphosphoryltrioxy 유도체 (5)를 얻고 이것으로부터 3',5'-phosphoryltrioxy 유도체의 ammonium salt(4)를 얻었다. 이들 화합물의 DNA 및 RNA virus에 대한 antiviral activity는 현재 수행중이다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.146.1-146.1
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• 2003

A major protein was isolated from ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange FPLC. Electrophoretic and gel permeation chromatographic studies revealed that the major protein, GMP, is composed of two subunits of approximately 28 kDa. In this, investigated the ability of GMP to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). GMP inhibited $Cu^{2+}$ (5$\mu$M)-promoted oxidation of LDL (125$\mu$g protein/mL) in a dose-dependent mamer (0~5 $\mu$M), with a maximal inhibitor at GMP/copper ratio of 1:10 and an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.2 $\mu$M, as determined by measurement TBARS. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.284.3-285
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• 2002

Paraquat(methyl viologen) is a bis-quaternary ammonium compound as a wide range herbicide. which was first introduced as an oxidation-reduction indicator dye. When paraquat(fatal dose. 1-2g) was administered to men, the oxido-reduction system of cell was repeatedly acted to perpetuate the cell membrane system, Many death cases had been occurred after ingestion of paraquat around Daejon area for the last six months. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1822-1828
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• 2004

Electrochemical, in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC-STM), and attenuated total reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate the preparation of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface in ammonium fluoride solutions. Electrochemical properties of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface were characterized by anodic oxidation and cathodic hydrogen evolution with the open circuit potential (OCP) of ca. -0.4 V in concentrated ammonium fluoride solutions. As soon as the natural oxide-covered Si(111) electrode was immersed in fluoride solutions, OCP quickly shifted to near -1 V, which was more negative than the flat band potential of silicon surface, indicating that the surface silicon oxide had to be dissolved into the solution. OCP changed to become less negative as the oxide layer was being removed from the silicon surface. In situ EC-STM data showed that the surface was changed from the initial oxidecovered silicon to atomically rough hydrogen-terminated surface and then to atomically flat hydrogenterminated surface as the OCP moved toward less negative potentials. The atomically flat Si(111)-H structure was confirmed by in situ EC-STM and ATR-FTIR data. The dependence of atomically flat Si(111)-H terrace on mis-cut angle was investigated by STM, and the results agreed with those anticipated by calculation. Further, the stability of Si(111)-H was checked by STM in ambient laboratory conditions.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1998

메탄올을 이용하여 성장하는 Methylovorus sp. strain SS1은 formaldehyde의 산화를 위한 linear route의 주효소인 $NAD^+$-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase 및 $NAD^+$-linked formate dehydrogenas와 cyclic route의 주효소인 hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerae, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 등의 활성을 나타내었는데, cyclic route에 관여하는 효소의 활성이 상대적으로 더 높았다. 이 세균은 formaldehyde의 동화와 관련된 ribulose monophosphate 경로의 주효소와 Entner-Doudoroff 경로의 주효소 및 transaldolase 활성과 함께 세포외 다당류 합성과 관련된 phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose pyrophyosphorylase, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase의 활성도 나타내었다. 2.3 mM의 ammonium sulfate가 포함된 배지에서 성장한 세균은 7.6 mM의 ammonium sulfate가 포함된 배지에서 성장한 세균보다 더 많은 세포외 다당류를 생산하였지만 균체 수율은 낮았고, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase와 phosphoglucomutase 및 UDP-glucose pyrophoshorylase의 활성은 높게 나타내었으나 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase/2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase의 활성은 낮았다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4B호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2006

생물학적 질산화 과정에서 비이온성 용존 암모나아(FA) 농도와 온도가 아질산 이온($NO_2{^-}$) 축적에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 암모늄 산화와 아질산 축적조건을 파악하기 위하여 암모늄 이온($NH_4{^-}$) 농도와 온도를 탈리한 다양한 FA 농도 조건에서 질산화 실험을 실시하였다. 암모늄산화균과 아질산산화균의 활성화에너지를 산정한 결과, 암모늄산화균의 활성화에너지는 $20^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 81.7 KJ/mol, $20^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 32.5 KJ/mol로 차이가 있었으나, 아질산산화균의 활성화에너지는 온도에 관계없이 35.5 KJ/mol로 나타났다. 특히, FA 농도와 온도에 따른 질산화 실험결과, FA 농도에 의한 질산화 저해 및 아질산이온 축적 효과는 극히 미미하였으며, 온도조건이 아질산 이온 축적에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.715-720
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• 1993

보통의 산화조건에서는 산화되기 어려운 diphenylmethane (pKa=33.4)을 상이동 촉매와 고체인 potassium tert-butoxide 를 염기로 사용하여 상온과 상압에서 산화시켜 benzophenone 을 합성하였다. 4급염인 benzylytriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium bisulphate, tetrabutylphosponium chloride 등은 이 반응에 활성이 없었으나 18-crown-6와 폴리에틸렌글리콜은 촉매활성을 나타내었다. 같은 무게나 같은 몰수의 폴리에틸렌글리콜을 상이동 촉매로 사용한 경우 모두에서 diphenylmethane 의 전화율은 폴리에틸렌글리콜의 사슬길이가 길수록 증가하였다. Diphenylmethane 의 반응속도는 교반속도가 클수록 증가하였고, 비양성자성 용매인 DMF 를 사용한 경우가 벤젠을 용매로 사용한 경우보다 높은 반응속도를 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1751-1755
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• 2007

The interaction of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) with zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) methods. In order to study the surface chemistry of NH4OH/Zry-4 system, the binding energies of N1s, O1s and Zr3d electrons were monitored. The N1s peak intensity was remarkably increased by following cycles of Ar+ sputtering of NH4OH dosed Zry-4 surface at room temperature. Because the nitrogen stayed under the subsurface region was diffused out onto the Zry-4 surface after oxygen concentration was decreased. These could be occurred after the surface oxygen was diffused into the bulk or desorbed out from the surface until Ar+ fluence was 6.0 × 1016 Ar+/cm2 then the surface was relatively atomic deficient state. The O1s peak intensity was decreased by stepwise Ar+ sputtering. After many cycles of Ar+ sputtering, the peak intensities of Zr3d peaks did not change much but the shape of the peak clearly did change. This implies that the oxidation state of zirconium was changed during stepwise Ar+ sputtering of NH4OH/Zry-4. The Zr3d peak intensity of zirconium nitride (ZrNx) increased as the intensity of N1s (from zirconium nitride) increased but the Zr3d peak intensity of zirconium oxide (ZrOx) decreased due to the depopulation of the oxygen species on the surface region. We also observed that the peak intensity of Zr4+ was nearly same after Ar+ sputtering processes but the peak intensity of metallic zirconium increased compared to that of before the sputtering process was performed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2007

It is well known that two representative methods satisfy EURO-IV regulation from EURO-III. The first method is to achieve the regulation through the reduction of NOx in an engine by utilizing relatively high EGR rate and the elimination of subsequently increased PM by DPF. However, it results in the deterioration of fuel economy due to relatively high EGR rate. The second is to use the high combustion strategy to reduce PM emission by high oxidation rate and trap the high NOx emissions with DeNOx catalysts such as Urea-SCR. While it has good fuel economy relative to the first method mentioned above, its infrastructure is demanded. In this paper, the number distribution of nano PM has been evaluated by Electrical Low Pressure Impactor(ELPI) and CPC in case of Urea-SCR system in second method. From the results, the particle number was increased slightly in proportion to the amount of urea injection on Fine Particle Region, whether AOC is used or not. Especially, in case of different urea injection pressure, the trends of increasing was distinguished from low and high injection pressure. As low injection pressure, the particle number was increased largely in accordance with the amount of injected urea solution on Fine Particle Region. But Nano Particle Region was not. The other side, in case of high pressure, increasing rate of particle number was larger than low pressure injection on Nano Particle Region. From the results, the reason of particle number increase due to urea injection is supposed that new products are composited from HCNO, sulfate, NH3 on urea decomposition process.