• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2014

Background: To improve sinus rhythm conversion, the Cox maze III procedure with narrow mazes (width: ${\leq}3.0cm$) was performed in combination with left atrial volume reduction. Methods: From October 2007 to April 2013, 87 patients with atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal in 3, persistent in 14, and permanent in 70) underwent the Cox maze procedure concomitant with another cardiac procedure. They were followed-up with serial electrocardiographic and echocardiographic studies. We used 24-hour Holter monitoring tests to evaluate postoperatively symptomatic patients. Results: At the mean follow-up time of 36.4 months, 81 patients (94.2%) had sinus rhythm and two were on anti-arrhythmic medication (one on a beta-blocker and the other on amiodarone). Five patients (5.8%) with postoperative recurrent and persistent atrial fibrillation never experienced sinus rhythm conversion; however, they did not require any medication for rate control. On postoperative echocardiography, the left atrial A waves were more frequently observed after concomitant mitral valve repair than after concomitant mitral valve replacement (82.4% vs. 40.4%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion: For the Cox maze procedure, narrow mazes and atrial volume reduction resulted in excellent sinus rhythm conversion without the preventive use of anti-arrhythmic drugs, and they did not affect the presence of the left atrial A waves on echocardiography.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the neutral red uptake assay as an alternative method for phototoxicity test, we compared the potential of phototoxicity in vitro in cultured human fibroblasts and 3T3 fibroblast cells derived from Balb/c mice. Both fibroblasts were exposed to various known phototoxic chemicals (promethazine, neutral red, chlorpromazine, chlortetracycline, amiodarone, bithionol, 8-methoxypsoralen) and non-phototoxic chemical (ammonium laureth sulfate) and irradiated with 5 J/cm$^2$ of UVA.(omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.913-917
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• 2003

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are relatively uncommon and associated with tuberous sclerosis in 40-50% cases. We report a 10-month-old infant with tuberous sclerosis who presented with ventricular arrythmias and status epilepticus. There were hypopigmented macules on the body, periventricular calcifications, renal cyst and cardiac rabdomyomas just below the aortic valve. The patient required resection of left ventricular subaortic masses due to sustained arrythmia in spite of intravenous amiodarone therapy. The pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyoma. The patient had no more arrythmia during the 14 month follow up period. Although cardiac rhabdomyomas may spontaneously regress, surgery is often necessary and frequently resolves the underlying arrythmia.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2002

In order to find out the appropriate in vitro method for high correlation with in vivo, we com-pared the sensitivities of phototoxicity (PT) in vitro method between in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells and in 3T3 fibroblast cells derived from Balb/c mice. Both cells were exposed to six known phototoxic chemicals : promethazine, neutral red, chlortetracycline, amiodarone, bithionol, 8-methoxypsoralen, or non-phototoxic chemical, ALS (ammonium laureth sulfate) and then irradiated with 5 J/$cm^2$ of UVA. Cell viability ($IC_{50}$ ) was measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. The ratio of $IC_{50}$ value of chemicals in the presence and absence of UVA was determined by the cut-off value. The phototoxic potential of test chemicals in NRU assay was determined by measuring the photoirriation factor (PIF) with a cut-off value of 5. In both 3T3 and HaCaT cells, all known phototoxic chemicals were positive (over 5 of PIF value), except that bithionol was found to be non-phototoxic to HaCaT cells, and ALS, non-phototoxic chemical was negative. These results suggest that Balb/c 3T3 cell was more sensitive than HaCaT cell to predict phototoxicity potential.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Juglans sinensis, as guid ed by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as juglanoside B (1), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin, 2), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside (guaijaverin,3), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin,4), (+)-catechin (5) and quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$- D-galactopyranoside (hyperin,6). Compounds 2-6 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects. An evaluation for the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity was conducted, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed protective effects against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, and compound 5 also exhibited a moderate protective effect on amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1835-1842
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• 2020

Ergosterol, an essential constituent of membrane lipids of yeast, is distributed in both the cell membrane and intracellular endomembrane components such as vacuoles. Honokiol, a major polyphenol isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Here, we assessed the effect of honokiol on ergosterol biosynthesis and vacuole function in C. albicans. Honokiol could decrease the ergosterol content and upregulate the expression of genes related with the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The exogenous supply of ergosterol attenuated the toxicity of honokiol against C. albicans. Honokiol treatment could induce cytosolic acidification by blocking the activity of the plasma membrane Pma1p H+-ATPase. Furthermore, honokiol caused abnormalities in vacuole morphology and function. Concomitant ergosterol feeding to some extent restored the vacuolar morphology and the function of acidification in cells treated by honokiol. Honokiol also disrupted the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Amiodarone attenuated the antifungal effects of honokiol against C. albicans, probably due to the activation of the calcineurin signaling pathway which is involved in honokiol tolerance. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that honokiol could inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis and decrease Pma 1p H+-ATPase activity, which resulted in the abnormal pH in vacuole and cytosol.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.794-801
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• 2000

BOOP(Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia) is an inflammatory reaction that follows damage to the bronchiolar epithelium of the small conducting airways. BOOP is characterized by the pathologic finding of excessive proliferation of granulation tissue within the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct and spaces, accompanied by organizing pneumonia in the more distal parenchyma BOOP may result from diverse causes such as toxic fumes, connective tissue disorders, infections, organ transplantation and drugs or appear idiopathically. Drug induced BOOP has been described in association with acebutolol, amiodarone, cephalosporin, bleomycine, tryptophan, gold salts, barbiturates, sulfasalazine, and carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is an iminostilbene derivative that is used as both an anticonvulsant and pain reliever for pains associated with trigeminal neuralgia. It is structually related to the tricyclic antidepressants. To our knowledge, there have been no previously reported case that has described development of BOOP during carbamazepine treatment in Korea, and only two cases have been reported in the world. We report a case carbamazepine-induced BOOP with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

Purpose: Unrefined tablets prepared from Aconitum tubers are occasionally used in Korean folk medicine. This study defines the potential sources, clinical toxicology, and treatment of aconitine poisoning. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in 63 patients in the ED of a tertiary University Hospital with suspected toxicity from an unrefined tablet prepared from Aconitum tubers from 1999 to 2007. Results: A total of 63 cases enrolled included 26 men and 37 women, aged 30 to 86 years. Forty-eight patients ingested aconitine tablets as digestives, 26 tablets on average. After a latent period of 30 to 450 minutes, patients developed a combination of neurologic (87.3%), gastrointestinal (82.5%), cardiopulmonary (41.3%), and other (28.6%) features typical of aconitine poisoning. Initial ECG abnormalities revealed dysrhythmia (61.9%), conduction disturbance (42.9%), and abnormal waveforms (39.7%), with 28.6% of patients having normal ECGs. All patients received supportive treatment or close observation regardless of ingestion amounts. Patients with hypotension or ventricular arrhythmia were treated with inotropic agents or amiodarone. Conclusion: Toxicologic signs and symptoms can occur after the consumption of aconitine tablets, regardless of ingestion amount. The risk occurs because of inadequately processed aconitine roots. This study will provide important data for public education and distribution regulations for Aconitum sp. in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2014

Aconitine, found in the Aconitum species, is highly extremely toxic, and has been known to cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular collapse. Although several reports have described treatment of aconitine intoxication, management strategy for the patient in a hemodynamically compromised state who experienced cardiopulmonary collapse is unknown. We report here on a case of a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and therapeutic hypothermia in an aconitine-induced cardiovascular collapsed patient. A 73-year-old male who presented with nausea, vomiting, chest discomfort, and drowsy mental state after eating an herbal decoction made from aconite roots was admitted to the emergency department. He showed hemodynamic compromise with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia resistant to amiodarone and lidocaine. After 3 minutes on admission, he collapsed, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. We treated him with repeated cardioversion/defibrillation of 51 times, 10,150 joules and cardiopulmonary resuscitation of 12 times, 69 minutes for 14 hours and therapeutic hypothermia for 36 hours. He recovered fully in 7 days.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.242-253
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• 2023

Background: Arrhythmia due to QT prolongation is one of the most serious adverse events with drug interactions in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the incidence of arrhythmia in Korean elderly patients who administered both cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates and inhibitors. Methods: Patients using CYP3A4 substrate and inhibitor were selected from the 2017 elderly patient dataset (the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service - Aged Population Sample). Selection criteria were patients with a medication possession ratio over 80%, medication duration of at least 7 days, and a follow-up period of 3 months or more. The patient's basic information is age, gender, health insurance type, and comorbidities. The top 50 drug pairs and comorbidity with high-incidence arrhythmia were presented. Results: In patients with drug combinations for over 7 days, there were 981 incidences of arrhythmia, and 351 incidences in those with combinations for over 30 days. The comorbidities of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction had a significant association with incidence of arrhythmia. Among patients with 7 days or longer, the drug pairs [substrates-inhibitors] with significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were [propranolol-cimetidine] (aOR, 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-3.04). Among patients with 30 days or longer, the drug pairs with significant aOR were [tramadol-amiodarone] (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.97-4.19). Conclusions: In elderly patients, the incidence of arrhythmia was high with drug interactions of CYP3A4 substrates and inhibitors. The comorbidity of congestive heart failure was the risk factor.