• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.805-809
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• 2006

Ozonized olive oil was tested for its mutagenic potential in a Salmonella/microsome assay. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was tested against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogenic strains related to acne, using the paper disk and agar dilution method. Ozonized olive oil showed antimicrobial activities against all the strains tested, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values in a range of 2${\sim}$10 mg/mL. Mutagenicity of ozonized olive oil was evaluated with Salmonells typhimurium TA98, TA100 and Ta1535, with and without addition of S9 mixture. No increase in the number of $his^{+}$ revertants over the negative control (solvent and non-ozonized olive oil) values was observed with TA98 (1,000 ${\mu}g/plate$), TA100 (1,500 ${\mu}g/plate$) and TA1535 (1,500 ${\mu}g/plate$) strains. The results from this study suggested that ozonized olive oil does not show any mutagenic potential.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata and the biological activities of them. Yields of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins were 0.34%, 11.33% and 15.24%, respectively. The major component was naginate ketone in essential oils, methyl linolenate in absolutes and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresins. Eseential oils and oleoresins showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidatve lipid peroxidation systems. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $341.0\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $17.2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins, respectively, and essential oils and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Absolutes and oleoresins did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activities. On the contrary, essential oils with over $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ showed antibiotic and mutagenic activities in Ames test. Essential oils and oleoresins have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2008

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of soybean sauce (kanjang) supplemented with deep sea water and Sea Tangle. The Ames test indicated that kanjang had no mutagenicity but it significantly inhibited mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Kanjang (200 ug/plate) with supplementary deep sea water and Sea Tangle had approximately 90.9% and 62.0% inhibitory effect, respectively, against mutagenesis of TA100 induced by MNNG and 4NQO. There was 61.7% inhibition of mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against the TA98 strain. Kanjang inhibited growth of cell lines of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with kanjang supplemented with 1.0 mg/mL deep sea water had cytotoxicities of 69.4% 70.5% 55.6% 82.1 % and 73.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549 and MCF-7 cells respectively. In contrast kanjang supplemented with 1 mg/mL deep sea water had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cells (293). Kanjang supplemented with deep sea water significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. In particular, kanjang supplemented with deep sea water (25 mg/kg) inhibited tumor cell activity by 40.9%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

$Epimedium$ $koreanum$ Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial health effects. In this study, the antimutagenic and immunological activities of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. In the immunomodulating activity, the effects of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai on the B cell (Rhamos) and T cell (Molt-4) were investigated. The results showed that the growth and viability of the B and T cells were increased and activated more in the ethylacetate (1.35 and 1.48 times) and water fraction (1.30 and 1.40 times), respectively. In the Ames test, none of the fractions produced a mutagenic effect on $Salmonella$. $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA 100. The ethylacetate fraction showed a strong antimutagenic effect (98%) on and a high butanol fraction (84%) of B(${\alpha}$)P in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. In 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), all the solvent fractions showed an over 70% antimutagenic effect, except for the chloroform extract. Especially, ethylacetate and butanol showed strong inhibition of the mutagenic effects (80 and 90%) on 4NQO in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. These results provide preliminary data for the development of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai as an edible food material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic fungus that has been used as a Chinese medicine for the treatment of fatigue, debility, kidney disease, tuberculosis, asthma and cardiac insufficiency etc. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of Cordyceps militaris using DPPH free radical donating method and Ames test, respectively. They were extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, stepwise. Among five fractions, the EtOAc and BuOH fractions showed the highest electron donating activities, about 2-fold higher than other fractions. In Ames test, most of the extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene(B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1). The EtOH extracts of C. militaris (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) showed 62.8%, 74.4% and 67.2% inhibitory effects on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, B($\alpha$)P and Trp-P-1, respectively, against TA98 strain, whereas 78.1%, 78.6%, 78.6% and 82.7% inhibition were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, B($\alpha$)P and Trp-P-1, respectively, against TA100 strain. Especially, the BuOH fraction showed the highest antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by MNNG.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 1998

In order to develop antimicrobial substances, many kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with absolute ethanol and then antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms were investigated. Ethanol extract from cinnamon bark showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all submitted microorganisms. Specially, molds such as Aspergillus sp. and Pencillium sp. were inhibited strongly. Therefore, the crude antimicrobial substance from the ethanol extract was fractionated with various solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butyl alcohol and then their antimicrobial activities were tested. Among the various solvent fractions from the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction was the best in antimicrobial activity especially against molds. There were no significant changes in antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane fraction by heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min or $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and by the change of pH 4.0~10.0. We could get the results that the n-hexane fraction of cinnamon bark extract showed not only antimutagenicity but also no mutagenicity by Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.388-392
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• 2000

To improve functionality and characteristics of alginate from the sea tangle, Laminaria japonicus, partially depolymerized alginates (HAG-10, average molecular weight 10,000; HAG-50, average molecular weight 50,000; HAG-100, average molecular weight 100,000) were obtained with hydrolysis of alginate by heating at $12^{\circ}C$. Effects of the depolymerization on physicochemical properties were investigated in the antimutagenicity and binding capacity of cholesterol, glucose and cadmium. In the Ames mutagenicity test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, HAG-10, HAG-50, HAG-100 and intact alginate reduced effectively the mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin $B_1 (AFB_1)$ and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and HAG-10 showed the strongest antimutagenicity among the tested samples. The binding capacity of cholesterol, glucose and cadmium at different pH in vitro depended highly on molecular weight of alginate, and the changes in binding capacity at different pH was not different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The inhibition effects on the mutagenicity in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 were evaluated by Ames test and cancer cell inhibitory effects in Hep3B cell and HeLa cell were tested by MTT assay. Cornus officianalis had an important free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical. At a concentration of 500 ppm, the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of Cornus officianalis was similar to that of L-ascorbic acid. None of the extracts produced a mutagenic effect on S. Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis showed about 77% of inhibition at 500 ppm on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The extract from Cornus officianalis showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HeLa cells, with inhibition of 83 and 78% at a dose of $700{\mu}g$/plate, respectively. Moreover, the ethanol extracts had 34.33 mg H.E/g of polyphenols and 5.67 mg Q.E/g of flavonoids, respectively. Therefore, the present study showed antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 1997

For screening antimutagenic effects, the effects of 95 medicinal plants on the mutagenicity of aflatoxin $B_1$ $(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were investigated using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was reduced over 26% by 2 kinds and 8 kinds of medicinal plant, respectively. Eight plants (Bupleurum falcatum, Corydalis ternata, Gasfrodia elata, Ostericum koreanum, Pinellia ternatia, Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus armeniaca and Rehmannia glutinosa) were also shown to have inhibitory effects on both $AFB_1$ and B(a)P. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was increased over 20% by 46 kinds and 2 kinds, respectively, and 8 medicinal plants (Chrysanthemum indicum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cyperus rotundus, Morus bombycis, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Petasites japonicus, Polygonum multiflorium, Thyja orientalis) increased significantly the mutagenicity of both mutagens. However the 8 plants themself did not show the mutagenicity in SOS Chromotest with S-9 mix alone. This result suggests that the above 8 plants may have the co-mutagenic activities. In two bacterial mutation system, SOS Chromotest and Ames test, the mutagenic or antimutagenic activities of some medicinal plants wire similar except Ostricum koreanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Scutellaria baicalensis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.500-510
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin isolated from Elsholtzia splendens and their biological activities. Yields of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin extracted from Elsholtzia splendens were 0.28%, 12.45% and 9.95%, respectively. The major component was 2-cyclohexen-1-one in essential oil, methyl linolenate in absolute and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresin. Essential oil and oleoresin showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidative lipid peroxidation system. $EC_{50}$ values in nuetral red uptake (NRU) assays for the exposure times of 24 h were $46.4{\mu}g/ml$, $681.7{\mu}g/ml$ and $17.6{\mu}g/ml$ in essential oil, absolute and oleoresin, and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Any mutagenic and antibiotic activity did not show in absolute and oleoresin, but, there were mutagenic and antibiotic activities only when treated with essential oil $500{\mu}g/ml$ above in Ames test. Essential oil and oleoresin might be somewhat effective in prolongating the ciliostasis of rat trachea.