• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was to assess the toxicity of Sipjeondaebo-tang by bacterial reverse mutation test. Methods: In this study, to evaluate the bacterial reverse mutation of Sipjeondaebo-tang water-extract, the in vitro Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1,535, TA1,537) and Escherichia coli(WP2uvrA) were performed with Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract at the concentrations 0, 312, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 ${\mu}g/plate$. Results: Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract was negative in Ames test with both Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli with and without rat liver microsomal enzyme (S9- fraction and S+ fraction). Conclusions: According to these results, we concluded that a Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract did not cause bacterial reverse mutation.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1994

The mutagenic activity of four phenothiazine derivatives such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and thioridazine in conjunction with UV-A irradiation or not based on the Ames plate incorporation test in the presence and absence of liver microsomal enzyme(S9 fraction). None of these compounds and their photo-excited were detected as mutagen in the Salmonella microsome assay with TA 98 and TA 100.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1988

10종류(種類)의 산채류가열즙(山菜類加熱汁)에 대한 돌연변이원성(突然變異原性)을 Spore rec-assay, Ames test 그리고 DNA 절단실험(切斷實驗)으로 검토(檢討)하였으며 가열즙(加熱汁)의 조제(調製)는 $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 가열하여 가열즙(加熱汁)을 얻었다. Spore rec-assay 결과 10종류(種類)의 시료(試料)모두 변이원성(變異原性)은 없었으며 금속이온의 영향에서 소리쟁이가열즙은 $Pb^{2+}$, 곰취와 참나물가열즙의 경우는 $Zn^{2+}$의 존재하에서 변이원성을 나타내었다. Ames 시험과 DNA 절단시험에서도 시료모두 변이원성은 없었으며 DNA 절단(切斷)시험에서는 곰취, 머위, 잔대, 개미취가열즙의 경우는 25mM $Cu^{2+}$ 공존하에서 절단활성(切斷活性)이 촉진되었다. 그러나 두릅, 원추리, 잔대, 참나물 그리고 참취가열즙(加熱汁)은 $Fe^{2+}$의 공존시 DNA 절단활성(切斷活性)을 억제(抑制)시키는 결과(結果)를 얻었다. Benzo${\alpha}$pyrene에 대한 돌연변이(突然變異) 억제작용(抑制作用)에서는 시료(試料) 모두 농도증가(濃度增加)에 따라 강(强)한 변이원(變異原) 억제작용(抑制作用)을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

건조 생약재인 황기, 감초 및 진피의 감마선 조사 위생화의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 감마선 조사 후 Samonella typhimurium TA98과 TA100 균주를 이용한 유전 독성학적인 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 시험 대상은 오염유기체 완전 구제 선량인 10kGy의 감마선으로 조사된 시료의 열수 추출물을 대상으로 하였으며 시험농도는 대상물질이 생약재임을 고려하여 50%의 균주생장억제를 나타내는 농도를 최고 농도로 하였다. 시험은 대사 활성화시키지 않는 경우와 대사 활성화시킨 경우에서 복귀돌연변이 집락을 계수하였다. 그 결과 각 시료에 의한 집락수의 증가를 인정할 수 없었으며, 각 용량단계에서 감마선 비조사군과 조사군 간의 차이도 볼 수 없으므로 음성으로 판정하였다. 따라서 감마선 조사된 각 시료가 직접변이원이나 간접변이원으로 작용하지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과로 보아 생체내 유전독성, 만성독성 및 생식독성 시험 등이 추가된다면 감마선조사 생약재의 안전성을 명확히 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2010

본 연구는 섬오갈피 뿌리 추출물을 이용하여 돌연변이 유발을 관찰하기 위해 S. typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537과 E. coli WP2 uvr A를 이용해 Ames test을 하였고 또한 S. typhimurium TA100, TA98을 이용한 항돌연변이원 억제 시험을 시행하였다. Ames test에 필요한 시험물질들은 최고농도 결정을 통해 $5000\;{\mu}g$/plate, $2500\;{\mu}g$/plate, $600\;{\mu}g$/plate의 시험물질을 양성대조군, 실험군, 음성대조군을 비대사활성계와 대사활성계로 나누어 시험을 시행하였다. 시험 결과 모든 농도에서는 집락군의 일관성 있는 증가는 보이지 않았고 이 점으로 미루어 보아 복귀돌연변이는 일어나지 않았고 음성으로 판정하였다. 항돌연변이원 시험에서는 양성물질의 농도결정과 시험물질의 최고농도 결을 통해 양성대조군, 실험군, 음성대조군을 비대사활성계와 대사활성계로 시험을 하였고 시험결과 S. typhimurium TA100, TA98 두 균주 돌연변이 억제를 보였으며 TA98에서 더 높은 억제율을 보였다. 시험결과로 섬오갈피의 뿌리는 항돌연변이 억제효과에 탁월한 효과가 있음을 시사하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2007

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a major constituent of rhubarb. Although it has been claimed to have a wild spectrum of therapeutic value, its side effects, especially in human kidney cells have not been well characterized. In this study, we have carried out in vitro genetic toxicity test of emodin and microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in response to emodin. The result of Ames test showed mutations with emodin treatment in base substitution strain TA1535 both with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Likewise, emodin showed mutations in frame shift TA98 both with and without exogenous metabolic activation. The result of COMET assay in L5178Y cells with emodin treatment showed DNA damage both with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Emodin did not increase micronuclei in CHO cells both with and without exogenous metabolic activation. 150 Genes were selected as differentially expressed genes in response to emodin by microarray analysis and these genes would be candidate biomarkers of genetic toxic action of emodin.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1994

This study was aimed to find out the comparative effects between non-irradiated, and 5kGy-10kGy of gamma-irradiated Panax Ginseng Radix powder on the genotoxicity for identification of possibility of DNA damage causing cancer. Four different short-term mutagenicity tests were used: (1) Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (Ames test) (2) Chromosome aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells. (3) Micronucleus test in ddY mouse (4) Somatic mutation and recombination test in the wing cells of Drosophila melanogaster.Gamma-irradiated Panax Ginseng Radix powder revealed negative results in these four mutagenicity tests. This means gamma-irradiated ginseng could be safe on the genotoxic point of view.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.329-333
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• 1998

Cell wall (lactic acid bacteria-sonicated precipitate ; LAB-SP) and cytosoll(lactic acid bacteria-sonicated supernatant ; LAB-SS) fractions were prepared from kimchi fermenting lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, with Lactobacillus acidophillus isolated from yogurt. Using the Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chormotest system, the antimutagenic acitivity of those cell fractions was studied . One hundered eighty $\mu$l of LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, excepting Pediococcus acidilactici, supressed the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotes system , by above 90% and 60% , respectively. LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria also inhibited the mutagenicity mediated by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2 than the other lactic acid bacteria. However, LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria did not show any mutagenic activity against 4-NQO in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotest systems. On the mutagenicity of MEIQ and Trp-P-2 , LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi or dairy products exhibited a weaker inhibitory effect than LAB-SP of those bacteria. These results represent that, whether the lactic acid bacteria from kimchi are viable or nonviable, antimutagenic acitivity was still effective. We suggest that the strong, antimutaganic activity of lactic acid bacteria might be found in the cell wall fraction , rather than in the cytosol fraction.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

Ames test using special strains which are histidine requiring mutant of Salmonella typhimufium , is widely utilized as short-term bioassay to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals. This method requires the liver microsome(5-9 fraction) to provide mammalian metabolism of the compounds, Therefore, the mutagenic potency of the chemicals is affected by not only the intrinsic properties of them but also the efficiency of the in vitro microsomal activation system. For this reason, the complex mixtures such as environmental pollutants from occupational sources, natural products or cigarette smoke condensates(CSC) , might be often appeared the false results. Induction of sister chromatid exchange(SCE) in cultured cells is known as another sensitive and powerful tool for the measurement of genotoxicity and the method has also an advantage which is able to apply to the in vitro and in vivo systems. In the present study, the inducibilities of revertant colonies in tester strain TA98 and SCE in human Iymphocytes by positive controls and total particulated materials(TPM) obtained from various brand(domastic and imported) cigarettes were compared in order to investigate whether the results in Ames test are in agreement with those in SCE analysis. The mutagenic activities of well known mutagens such as B(a)P showed excellent dose-response in the both methods although the induction mechanism was different each other, but cyclophosphamide resulted such effect only in SCE analysis. Most TPM tested showed a similar pattern in the mutagenic activities in those methods. However, only two(one imported brand and one domestic sample cigarettes) among the TMP obtained from various cigarettes appeared the higher induction in SCE than Ames test.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.539-543
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• 1992

변이원물질인 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, $benzo{(\alpha)}pyrene,$ 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole에 대한 컴프리의 생즙과 가열즙의 항돌연변이 효과를 spore rec-assay 및 Ames test방법을 이용하여 검토하였다. Bacillus subtilis $H17(rec^+)$와 $H45(rec^-)$를 사용한 spore rec-assay에서 comfrey의 생즙시료 $40{\mu}l$처리시에 MNNG에 대한 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.01). Salmonella typhimurium TA98과 /TA100의 두 균주를 이용한 Ames test에서는, comfrey생즙의 경우 $B{(\alpha)}P$에 대해 TA98과 TA100 두균주 모두에서 각각 43% 및 52%의 다소 낮은 항돌연변이 효과를 나타낸 반면, 가열즙의 경우 Trp-P-1에 대해 TA98과 /TA100의 균주에 대해서 각각 75% 및 76%의 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.01).