• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the stability of commercial coated lipase (CT-LIP) in vitro. Methods: The capsules were tested under different conditions with a range of temperature, pH, dry heat treatment and steaming treatment, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) in this work, respectively. Free lipase (uncoated lipase, UC-LIP) was the control group. Lipase relative activities measured in various treatments were used as a reference frame to characterize the stability. Results: The lipase activities were decreased with increasing temperatures (p<0.05), and there was a markedly decline (p<0.01) in lipase comparative activities of UC-LIP at $80^{\circ}C$ compared with CT-LIP group. Higher relative activities of lipase were observed in CT-LIP group compared with the free one under acidic ambient (pH 3 to 7) and an alkaline medium (pH 8 to 12). Residual lipase activities of CT-LIP group were increased (p<0.05) by 5.67% and 35.60% in dry heat and hydrothermal treatments, respectively. The lipase relative activity profile of CT-LIP was raised at first and dropped subsequently (p<0.05) compared with constantly reduced tendency of UC-LIP exposed to both SGF and SIF. Conclusion: The results suggest that the CT-LIP possesses relatively higher stability in comparison with the UC-LIP in vitro. The CT-LIP could retain the potential property to provide sustained release of lipase and thus improved its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

Introducing human capacities of control and sensation which have been overlooked into Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), Ubiquitous computing, Augmented Reality and others have been researched recently. New vision of HCI has embodied in Tangible User Interface(TUI). TUI allows users to grasp and manipulate bits with everyday physical object and architectural surface and also TUI enables user to be aware of background object at the periphery of human perception using ambient display media such of light, sound, airflow and water movement. Tangibles, physical object which constitutes TUI system, is the physical object embodied digital bit. Tangibles is not only input device but also the configuration of computing. To get feedback of computing result, user controls the system with Tangibles as action and the system represents reaction in response to User's action. User appreciates digital representation (sound, graphic information) and physical representation (form, size, location, direction etc.) for reaction. TUI's characters require the consideration about both user's action and system's reaction. Therefore we have to need the method to be concerned about physical object and interaction which can be combined with action, reaction and feedback.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2013

Effects of curing treatments and storage temperature on the quality of Chinese yams (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) were investigated stepwise in three consecutive years for the optimization of postharvest handling procedures. Tuberous roots were harvested in early to mid November and cured under ambient or $29^{\circ}C$ heated air conditions for various periods according to the treatment conditions. Storage temperatures in the range of 0.5 to $7.5^{\circ}C$ were phased in to avoid chilling injury while examining storage potential from 4 to 7 months. As poststorage technology, short-term $60^{\circ}C$ hot-air exposure or low shelf temperature treatments were additively imposed. Curing treatments, especially heated air curing for 3-5 days tended to reduce the respiration and weight loss during storage while maintaining flesh firmness. Storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ brought out typical chilling injury symptoms on the shelf with increases in respiration and lower flesh firmness by tissue breakdown resulting in the rapid loss of marketability. Optimum storage temperature appeared to be the $3-4^{\circ}C$ range which suppresses quality deterioration while avoiding chilling injury. Low shelf temperature seemed to be a necessary part of postharvest handling system to keep marketability through control of poststorage disorders such as rooting and decay. Overall results suggested that optimized postharvest program consisting of heated-air curing, storage at $3-4^{\circ}C$, and low shelf temperature could extend storage potential of Chinese yam to longer than 7 months.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.664-671
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high pressure treatment and type of binding agents on the quality characteristics of restructured pork. For binding agents, 2% (w/w) isolated soy protein (SP), 0.5% (w/w) wheat flour (WF) and 0.5% (w/w) ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (KC) were incorporated into meat batter with or without 0.5% (w/w) glucono-${\delta}$-lactone (GdL). The restructured pork was pressurized at varying pressure levels (0.1-450 MPa) for 3 min under ambient temperature and thermal treated at $75^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. As quality parameters of restructured pork, pH, water binding properties, instrumental color and texture profile analysis were determined and compared with control (C, no binder). For type of binders, SP exhibited the best water binding properties, however, the impact on textural properties were lesser than KC and WF. The addition of GdL decreased the pH of restructured pork down to 0.4 unit, while high pressure processing prevented the moisture loss caused from pH decrease by GdL. In particular, meat restructuring efficiency of SP as a binder improved under the presence of GdL. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the potential advantages of low amount of GdL (0.5%, w/w) combined with protein based binder (SP) and high pressure processing in restructuring meat particles.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.561-573
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• 2012

The object of this study was to analyze long-term water quality gradients during 1992-2008 at six sites of Geumho River and near-by two sites of Nakdong River and their influences on fish trophic guilds and tolerance guilds along with ecological health. Water quality including biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) varied largely depending on the sampling locations and seasons. Values of ambient BOD, COD, TP, and TN were greater in the downstream than in the upstream reach, and seasonal and interannual variabilities were also higher in the downstreams. This phenomenon was evident due to a dilution by the Asian monsoon rainfall during the monsoon. These outcomes indicate that point sources near the downstream are important for the chemical conditions, but also seasonal stream runoff was considered as an important factor regulating the chemical conditions. Conductivity decreased rapidly during the summer due to ionic dilution, and nutrients (N, P), BOD, COD had an inverse function of seasonal precipitation. Based on the water quality, we selected two sites (control site = $C_s$ vs. impacted site = $I_s$) for impact analysis of water chemistry on fish community and trophic/tolerant guilds. Fish guild analysis showed that species diversity was higher in the headwater stream ($C_s$) than the impacted downstream ($I_s$), and that the proportion of tolerant and omnivore species were greater in the impacted site of downstream. Comparisons of water quality between Geumho River and Nakdong River indicated that Geumho River was considered as a point source which degradated water quality to the Nakdong River. Overall, chemical water quality and fish guild analysis suggest that even if current chemical quality got better after 1996 due to continuous constructions of wastewater disposal plants near the downstreams, fish compositions of tolerant and omnivores were still dominated the community. Thus, biological restoration based on ecological health is required for the ecosystem conservation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.432-441
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• 2001

An automated on-line portable preconcentration-short column gas chromatograph was developed, which used preconcentrator using adsorption tube with Tenax-GR and Curie-point heating. The developed system operated with 3 steps of processing, preconcentration, thermal desorption, and analysis and cleaning, and could continued operating within 1~2 min cycle. The recoveries of preconcentrator for toluene was ranged between $94.7{\pm}6.6%$ and $103.8{\pm}3.1%$ with less than 7% of RSD. For benzene, toluene and xylene(BTX) standard gas test, IDL was 41, 49, $472ng/m^3$ benzene, toluene and o-xylene, respectively. The BTX mixture was analyzed within 30 sec with baseline separation by the system equipped with 4 m long capillary column. The deficiency of separation power caused by short column was solved by the control of sample injection volume and inlet/outlet pressure ratio. The automated portable preconcentration-short column gas chromatograph system was found to be useful for the continuous air monitoring of BTX at ppb levels in ambient air.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2009

Analytical electron spin resonance (ESR) parameters were investigated in irradiated seasonings after exposure to different radiation sources. Two commercial seasonings (SS-1 and SS-2) were irradiated with 0.20 kGy under ambient conditions using a $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray irradiator or an electron beam accelerator. Crystalline sugar-induced multi-component signals with g-values of 2.031, 2.021, 2.017, 2.009, 2.002, 1.990, and 1.980 were observed in both irradiated samples, whereas singlet signals were detected in non-irradiated materials, thereby distinguishing irradiated from control samples. Under the same analytical conditions, the ESR signal intensity of electron beam-irradiated samples was greater than that of gamma-irradiated materials. Determination coefficients (R2 values) between irradiation doses and corresponding ESR responses were 0.9916-0.9973 for all samples, and the magnetic field of specified g-values for irradiated samples remained constant. The predominant ESR signals of g2 (2.021), g4 (2.009), g5 (2.002), and g6 (1.990) showed high correlations with the corresponding irradiation doses (R2=0.8243 - 0.9929).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2016

AlN single crystals were grown by the PT (Physical vapor transport) method with position-changable induction coil. And the graphite crucible dimensioned ${\Phi}90{\times}H120$ was used on processing. The temperature was $1950{\sim}2050^{\circ}C$ and ambient pressure was 150~1 Torr. And the hot-zone was changed according to times on growing for result comparison. When hot-zone by coil is located below far enough (> 40 mm) from AlN crystal concentration position, the as-grown crystals physical size is better ($300{\mu}m/hr$) than another condition, but the condition-reproducibility was very poor. However the closer the distance between hot-zone and AlN growing posion, the smaller the size of as-grown crystal and the rarer the generation of the crystal nuclear, but the crystal growing condition is stable for quality. The best condition for both growth rate and quality is gained when the starting position of hot-zone coil is about 20 mm distance from growing position. For the best growth condition, the position of hot-zone is very sensitive factor and the further more the condition of speed of coil shift also must control.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.81
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• pp.299-328
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• 2017

This study investigated news comprehension via the social media by comparing the reading of a news story on the news paper. A news story on the social media was suggested to present information in a conversational form, which differs from a traditional reporting style. To compare the different forms of news information presentation, two conditions were created: in a control condition, a news story was written in a traditional reporting form. In the experimental condition, the same news story was constructed in a conversational form. Participants were assigned randomly in one of two conditions. They read the news story and afterwards, they were asked to recall firstly, the core idea of the news story, secondly the whole news story, and finally to answer to the 10 questions that assessed how well they learned from the news story. Participants' responses were content-analyzed and produced six variables, the extent to recall the core idea, the extent to recall the whole story, the extent to recall wrong information, the extent to recall additional information, the extent to recall causally related contents in general, and finally the extent to recall causally related contents in story-specific. Analyses on the six variables revealed that the group in the news paper condition recalled more core idea, the whole story, and additional information than the group in the social media. But the news paper condition recalled less of wrong information than the group in the social media condition. Additionally, the news paper condition learned more than the group in the social media. Regarding the recall of causally related contents, the general causal relationships were recalled more in the group in the social media condition but the story specific causal relationships were recalled more in the group in the news paper condition. The findings seemingly indicated that a traditional news reporting contributes to news story comprehension more than the conversational form. Authors however added discussions and advised that the findings needed to be read under caution.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.5 s.95
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• pp.677-685
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• 2006

Control of the temperature difference across a section is an effective strategy to minimize the hydration-heat-induced cracks for the structures where internal restraint is dominant. The domestic code, however, overestimates probability of the crack occurrence judging from the foreign codes and construction experiences of real structures. Therefore, the background of the equation presented in the domestic code was investigated step by step to examine validity of the equation, and, as a result, it was found that the equation is established on a basis of simple elastic model where the change of elastic modulus in an early age is not considered. An advanced assessment strategy was proposed taking into account the hypoelastic model which corresponds to an incremental constitutive equation. The presented procedure resulted in an increased crack index, i.e. decreased crack risk, the value of which depends on various conditions of the mix and structures. Also, a prediction equation of the temperature difference was proposed which can readily consider the effect of the curing condition and ambient temperature in a hand calculation. For further study, the assessment equation may be more classified to strictly consider the characteristics of the mix and structures if the analytical and experimental data are accumulated.