• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Two Atractylodes species, A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (AJ) and A. macrocephala Koidz (AM) were used in this study. AJ population had higher amounts of Sesquiterpenoids and stronger tolerance to root rot but less vigor of root growth than AM population. Two populations (AJ and AM) were crossed to make interspecific hybrid population. A total of 98 lines propagated clonally were selected from a cross of AJ and AM, and evaluated for contents of sesquiterpenoids, atractylon (ATLN) and atractylenolide III (AT3) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and growth characters such as plant height, stem number and root weight. HPLC profiles of the hybrids were compared with those of parent plants, and it demonstrated the production of introgression hybrid by crossing between AJ and AM. Of 98 clonal lines,10 lines were selected by 10% level based on the growth vigor and tolerance to root rot, and AJM2102-51 line showed the heaviest root weight (117.1 g/plant) among them. A total of 98 hybrid lines contained on average $0.16\;{\pm}\;0.10\;mg/g$ of $AT3,\;2.00\;{\pm}\;1.37\;mg/g$ of ATLN, and $2.16\;{\pm}\;1.40\;mg/g$ of total sesquiterpenoids, showing high coefficients of variation (above 65%). Ten lines having high contents of sesquiterpenoids were selected, and AJM2101-15 had the highest amount (9.83 mg/g) of ATLN, and showed 40.8 g/plant of root weight similar to mean value (39.9 g/plant) of hybrid lines. The result showed that the introgression of both characters of vigorous growth from AM and high sesquiterpenoids content from AJ could be possible to make new hybrid lines by crossing between AJ and AM.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

The part-of-speech determination is necessary for resolving the part-of-speech ambiguity in English-Korean machine translation. The part-of-speech ambiguity causes high parsing complexity and makes the accurate translation difficult. In order to solve the problem, the resolution of the part-of-speech ambiguity must be performed after the lexical analysis and before the parsing. This paper proposes the CatAmRes model, which resolves the part-of-speech ambiguity, and compares the performance with that of other part-of-speech tagging methods. CatAmRes model determines the part-of-speech using the probability distribution from Bayesian network training and the statistical information, which are based on the Penn Treebank corpus. The proposed CatAmRes model consists of Calculator and POSDeterminer. Calculator calculates the degree of appropriateness of the partof-speech, and POSDeterminer determines the part-of-speech of the word based on the calculated values. In the experiment, we measure the performance using sentences from WSJ, Brown, IBM corpus.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.514-522
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• 2015

In Microwave Radio Link, it is necessary to consider the radio fading to consistently assure the radio link of the high quality as the distance. If the fixed modulation is used for the microwave radio link, it is difficult to keep the high availability of link for the case of the long distance. Adaptive Modulation(AM) provide good quality on microwave link, but the application of the only-AM is not enough to provide the availability assurance due to the fluctuating characteristics of link capacity. Our previous study has proposed the improvement method of transmission in association with the distance, however the previous method needed to make up for the common application. There was no suggestion of a mathematical formula with a variable. In this paper, we propose an optimized Adaptive Transmission Techniques with calculating formula of the priority traffic transmission capacity based on AM in consideration of the fade margin for the availability assurance as the distance and the comparison of the channel bandwidth for Long-distance Radio Link.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

Five islands (Sinjindo, Mado, Daenanjido, Wonsando, and Sapsido) and the coastal area (Muchangpo) in Chungnam, Korea, were selected to determine the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Soil-inhabiting AM fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of 18s rDNA. The differences in the fungal community structures were compared among sites. As a result, 24 species of AM fungi were identified, of which two species of AM fungi, Acaulospora brasiliensis and Redeckera fulvum, were isolated for the first time in Korea. This study revealed that AM fungal spore abundance was low and the genus Acaulospora was dominant in most of the islands. AM fungal community structures in five Islands were highly similar. However, the coastal area, Muchangpo, had different AM fungal community structure from the islands.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.990-1003
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• 2012

In this paper, the possibility and necessity of the digital broadcasting propulsion in AM and FM is presented based on DRM and DRM+ transmission modes, They are the members of series technological family in digital radio development. As the frequency utilization, the application of DRM+ is flexible in any mode such as IN-BAND or OUT-OF-BAND. When the digital audio broadcasting is planned at LOW-VHF bandwidth such as TV channel No.5 and NO.6 being adjacent to FM band and OUT-Of-BAND DRM+ technology is applied, there is no collision and jamming. Particularly, in the IN-BAND Hybrid mode, it is mentioned that there was the difficulty problem for multiple SFN transmitters uses. Not like the IN-BAND mode the OUT-OF-BAND mode lets multiple transmitters, because neighbor transmitters do not interfere each other. Digital transmitter can be combined with the existing FM transmitter. The intensity of power and size of area can be easily determined according to local broadcasters' condition. And the OUT-OF-BAND mode is advantageous for AM/FM integration in digital radio receiver manufacturing, which makes the conversion schedule much shorter.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.432-436
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• 2012

Among a number of factors related to the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, prescriptions do important work. Traditional eastern doctors also placed emphasis on prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion, and a lot of experiences have been accumulated. The method forms prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy pivots on five transport points. Studies show prescriptions are made on the basis of the theory of 'Wang Xiang Xiu Qiu Si'(旺相休囚死) used engendering and restraining of five phases, and it is considered the principle of transformed prescriptions through this theory. Because there is still no study analyzing prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture by existing principles, we report opinion about Combination principle of points in them. 1. We studied history of acupuncture and moxibustion, development and kinds of points' Combination principle. 2. Around Combination principles of points in Classic of Difficult Issues and Internal Classic, we analyzed and compared between Combination principles of points in Sa-am acupuncture therapy and them in Korea and overall acupuncture methods. 1. There were many Combination principles of acupunture point combination in Classic of Difficult Issues, Internal Classic and Korea acupuncture methods. For example, Point combination of the same meridian, Point combination of the different meridian, Exterior-Interior point combination, Point combination of the same name meridian, Point combination of the multiple meridian, Point combination of Adjacent and Distant points, Left-Right point combination, Anterior-Posterior point combination, Superior-Inferior point combination, Brook point and Stream point combination, Triple energizer point combination, Eight meeting point combination, Five transport point combination, Source-Connecting point combination, Alram point and Transport point combination, Mother-Sun meridian combination, Empirical point combination, Important point combination, Point combination according to syndrome. 2. Existing Combination principles of points in prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy included every rule. 3. They could be evidences that prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy are forms inheriting and developing acupuncture and moxibustion treatments.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 1998

Effects of $CaCN_2$ addition on the grain refinement in the AM60 magnesium ingots were investigated. The effects of the $CaCN_2$ are estimated with different inoculation temperatures, inoculation contents, and holding time to find out the optimum condition. AM60 alloy was melted in the low carbon steel crucible by cylindrical electric furnace under an argon atmosphere. The melting and casting apparatus is specially designed for magnesium alloys. The grain size of AM60 magnesium alloy decreased significantly with an increase in $CaCN_2$ content and, at 0.8 wt% $CaCN_2$ or more, grain size becomes constant at about $85 {\mu}m$. The optimum condition was obtained in the 0.8 wt% $CaCN_2$ for holding molten metal of 30 min. at the temperature of $710^{\circ}C$. The tensile properties of AM60 magnesium alloys were improved due to grain refinement by addition of $CaCN_2$. In the optimum condition, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were ${\sigma}_{0.2}=107 MPa$, ${\sigma}_{T.S}=234 MPa$ and e=14.2%. The variation of stress with strain obeyed the relationship of the ${\sigma}=K{\varepsilon}^n$. The strain-hardening exponent, n and strength coefficient, K obtained in the 0.8 wt% $CaCN_2$ added AM 60 magnesium alloy were n=0.21 and K=390 MPa.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2009

Ballast water is widely recognized as a serious environmental problem due to the risk of introducing non-indigenous aquatic species. In this study we aimed to investigate measures which can minimize the transfer of aquatic organisms from ballast water. Securing more reliable technologies to determine the viability of aquatic organisms is an important initiative in ballast water management systems. To evaluate the viability of marine phytoplankton, we designed the staining methods of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Calcein-AM assay on each target species belonging to different groups, such as bacillariphyceae, dinophyceae, raphidophyceae, chrysophyceae, haptophyceae and chlorophyceae. The FDA method, which is based on measurements of cell esterase activity using a fluorimetric stain, was the best dye for determining live cells of almost all phytoplankton species, except several diatoms tested in this study. On the other hand, although fluorescence of Calcein-AM was very clear for a comparatively longer time, green fluorescence per cell volume was lacking in most of the tested species. According to the Flow CAM method, which is a continuous imaging technique designed to characterize particles, green fluorescence values of stained cells by FDA were significantly higher than those of Calcein-AM treatments and control, implying that the Flow CAM using FDA assay could be adapted as an important tool for distinguishing living cells from dead cells. Our results suggest that the FDA and Calcein-AM methods can be adapted for use on phytoplankton, though species-specific characters are greatly different from one organism to another.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2013

Daily milk yields on test days were estimated using morning or afternoon partial milk yields collected by official agencies and the accuracy of the estimates was determined. Test-day data for milk yields consisted of 3,156,734 records of AM/PM partial milking measurements of 255,437 milking Holstein cows from 3,708 farms collected from December 2008 to April 2013. A linear regression model (LRM) was applied to estimate daily milk yields using alternate AM/PM milk yield records within lactation stages, milking intervals, and parities on every daily milk yield. The alternate statistical approach was a non-linear hierarchical model (NHM) in which Brody's growth function was implemented by reflecting an animal's physiological milk production cycle. When compared with LRM, daily milk yields predicted by the NHM were assumed to be functionally related to day in milk (or lactation) stage, milking intervals, and partial milk yields. Since the results were in terms of accuracies based on comparisons of different statistical models, accuracies of estimates of daily milk yields by NHM were close to those determined by the LRM. The average of these accuracies was 0.94 for AM partial milk yields and 0.93 for PM partial milk yields for first calving cows. However, the accuracies of AM/PM milk yield estimations from cows under a calving stage higher than the first parity were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Correlations between the estimated daily milk yields and the actual daily milk yields ranged from 0.96~0.98. These accuracies were lower for unbalanced AM/PM milking intervals and the first calving cows. Overall, prediction of daily milk yields by NHM would be more appropriate than by LRM due to its flexibility under different milk yield-related circumstances, which provides an idea of the functional relationship between milking intervals and days in milk with daily milk yields from statistical viewpoints.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

The effect of CaO addition to AM60B Mg alloy on tensile properties has been investigated, with focus on strength and ductility at room and elevated temperatures. The 0.25-0.65wt% CaO added AM60B Eco-Mg diecastings were prepared by high pressure die casting using Buhler 1,450-ton cold chamber machine without $SF_6$ and $SO_2$ gases. The microstructures and tensile properties of each alloy were tested. The results show that the grains of AM60B are refined and the mechanical properties increase with CaO addition at room temperature. The improvement of strength and ductility is prominent at 0.45-0.55wt% CaO addition. Also, improved mechanical properties are maintained at elevated temperature of $150^{\circ}C$. CaO addition results in $Al_2Ca$ phase formation mostly on the grain boundaries. This phase leads to the refinement of grain structures and improvement of ductility as well as strength. The suppression of ${\beta}-Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ phase as well as the decrease of fracture surface porosity and other casting defects caused by melt cleanliness also contribute to the enhancement of mechanical properties of AM60B Eco-Mg at room and elevated temperature.