• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2011

Mechanism of rapid mixing effect on chemical phosphorus removal is evaluated in this study. Assuming that chemical phosphorus removal is unaffected by mixing time, only rapid mixing intensity is evaluated. In order to find out the mechanism, it is hypothesized that rapid mixing affects the Al hydrolysis speciation, and that formation of more monomeric species ($Al^a$) results in better removal of phosphorus. According to a ferron assay, more $Al^a$ formed at higher mixing intensity than at lower intensity. Subsequent experiments revealed that better phosphorus removal was obtained at higher intensity than at lower intensity, in terms of the molar ratio of $Al_{added}/P_{removed}$. The proposed hypothesis was proved in this study. Chemical phosphorus removal is affected by rapid mixing intensity due to its effect on the Al hydrolysis speciation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2007

To precipitate the complex gels of the pH 6, 7, 8, 9 included in a flux and an aluminum hydroxides gel, an aqueous solution of a mixture of $Na_2CO_3\;and\;Na_2PO_4{\cdot}12H_2O$ was added with stirring in an aqueous solution of a mixture of $Al_2(SO_4){_3}{\cdot}18H_2O,\;Na_2SO_4\;and\;K_2SO_4$, and then the complex gels were aged in 20 h at $90^{\circ}C$. As the hydrolysis pH changed, it had an effect on the physical properties such as the crystal structure, crystal morphology and a phase transition temperature of the AlO(OH) gel, and also on the crystal structure, crystal morphology, particle size and particle size distribution of the ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets prepared by molten-salt precipitation. Also, in this study, the complex gels were crystallized at $1,200^{\circ}C$ and thereafter dried at $110^{\circ}C$, and then it was investigated to effect of the hydrolysis pH on the crystal structure, morphology and particle size distribution of the ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets crystals using XRD, DTA, SEM and particle size analyzer.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1362-1368
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• 1994

The hydrolysis of aluminum nitride was increased gradually with increasing reaction time from 1 hrs to 24 hrs and/or with decreasing the addition of the reaction water from 100 mι 100mι. Amorphous aluminum hydrate, formed in the beginning of the reaction, was transformed to bayerite and to pseudoboehmite at below and above 8$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Aluminum oxynitride was synthesized by heating the partially hydrolyzed aluminum nitride at 1$700^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs or at 175$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. AlON specimen with 1 wt% of Y2O3 that was molded and then sintered pressurelessly at 190$0^{\circ}C$, exhibits 98% of the theoretical density and a translucency of 68% in the visible ray zone.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1999

Spherical alumina powders were prepared by the controlled hydrolysis of aluminum iso-propoxide in a solution consisting of n-octyl alcohol and acetonitrile. As aluminum alkoxide's concentration increased, the particle size was increased and size distribution was more broad. As-prepared particle morphology was not spherical when acetonitrile volume fraction was increased over than 60%. As-prepared amorphous powders crystallized to ${\gamma}$-alumina at $1000^{\circ}C$ and converted to ${\alpha}$-alumina at $1150^{\circ}C$. The particle morphology was retain after crystallization ${\alpha}$-alumina. When aluminum iso-propoxide was used as aluminum source, the optimum preparation condition of spherical alumina was 0.1M AIP, 0.2M H2O, $0.1g/{\ell}$ HPC with a volume fraction (1/1) of the n-octyl alcohol/acetonitrile, 10min of reaction time and 30min of aging time.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2010

본 연구는 산염이 첨가된 아세톤 용액으로 목질바이오매스를 가수분해하여 효과적으로 화학적 조성분을 분리할 수 있는 최적조건을 확립하는데 있다. 아세톤에 의한 목질바이오매스의 가수분해에서 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$은 우수한 촉매로 작용하였으며, 최적 농도는 0.01 M (6.3 wt%)였다. 본 실험에서는 아세톤과 물의 비율을 9 : 1로 맞추고 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$의 최적 농도조건에서 신갈나무재와 소나무재를 $200^{\circ}C$에서 45분 동안 가수분해하여 각각 92.7%와 92.4% 분해율을 나타냈다. 아세톤과 물의 비율이 8 : 2에서는 반응시간을 60분으로 연장하였을 경우 신갈나무재의 가수분해율은 92.7%였으나, 소나무재는 반응온도를 $210^{\circ}C$로 상승시켜야 신갈나무재에 버금가는 가수분해율을 얻을 수 있었다. 가수분해 온도와 시간을 증가시키면 가수분해산물로부터 분리, 회수되는 리그닌은 증가하였으나, 탄수화물 함량은 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 리그닌과 당의 회수량을 고려해 보면, 목질바이오매스의 최적 가수분해 조건은 아세톤과 물의 비율 8 : 2, 아세톤 용액에 대한 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ 농도는 6.3 wt%, 가수분해 온도와 시간은 각각 $190^{\circ}C$와 60분으로 나타났고, 이 조건에서 당의 회수율은 목질바이오매스 전건중량 기준으로 신갈 나무재와 소나무재에서 각각 47.6%와 51.4%로 나타났고, 리그닌 회수율은 각각 18.2%와 13.7%로 측정되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.774-779
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• 2010

염기도에 따라 제조된 PACl 응집제에 함유된 Al 가수분해종의 분석결과, 염기도 증가에 따라 단분자성 Al종이 감소하고 고분자성 Al종은 증가하였으며, 염기도 2.2에서 가장 많은 고분자성 Al종을 함유하고 있었다. 단분자성 또는 저분자성 Al 가수분해종을 주로 함유하고 있는 alum과 r=0인 PACl에서 인의 제거효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나, 효율적인 인의 제거를 위해서는 단분자성이나 저분자성 Al 종을 많이 함유한 응집제가 더 효과적이라고 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2006

AlO(OH) nano gel is used in precursor of ceramic material, coating material and catalyst. For use of these, not only physiochemical control for particle morphology, pore characteristic and peptization but also studies of synthetic method for preparation of advanced application products were required. In this study, AlO(OH) nano gel was prepared through the aging and drying process of aluminum hydroxides gel precipitated by the hydrolysis reaction of dilute NaOH solution and aluminum sulfate solution. In this process, optimum synthetic condition of AlO(OH) nano gel having excellent pore volume as studying the effect of water and aluminum sulfate mole ratio on gel precipitates has been studied. Water and aluminum sulfate mole ratio brought about numerous changes on crystal morphology, surface area, pore volume and pore size. Physiochemical properties were investigated as using XRD, TEM, TG/DTA, FT-IR, and $N_2$ BET method.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.132-139
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• 2018

A cost-effective preparation method is proposed to prepare nanoporous alumina (NA) using aluminum chloride as a precursor with a lower cost than aluminum butoxide. In addition, the surfactant template was replaced with magnesium stearate, which has a lower unit cost in stearate acid. The adsorption isotherm test for the CO gas was carried out to compare the adsorption performance of the NA adsorbents prepared using post-hydrolysis (NA) and cost-effective precipitation (C-NA). In addition, C-NA exhibited a similar uptake capacity as NA, and the maximum uptake capacity of Pd/C-NA increased 1.3 times via Pd nanodots loading.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2011

Nanofiltration was performed with polyaluminium chloride solutions at different pH conditions to understand effects of inorganic compounds on aluminum hydrolysis products, i.e., three distinctive groups of aluminum species: polymeric Al at low pH; $Al(OH)_3$ at neutral pH; and ${Al(OH)_4}^-$ at high pH. The PACl solution was prepared to be approximately 4.0mM and adjusted to the designated pH. The influence of inorganic compounds on Al species fouling was investigated with 4.9mM $CaCl_2$ and 3.5mM $MgSO_4$ because $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ are the most common inorganics in the drinking water. NF membrane fouling was measured by flux decline rate. The impact of $CaCl_2$ was not significant on the individual Al hydrolysis products fouling. However, the flux decline rate was drastically changed in the presence of $MgSO_4$. The concentration of particulate matters was considerably increased possibly due to interaction between Al species and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ where $MgSO_4$ was introduced. The particulates were accumulated on the membrane and enhanced the hydraulic resistance of the cake layer. In addition, conductivity removal of the membrane was decreased when Al-hydroxide was dominant due to reduction of membrane surface charge. The rejection of $Ca^{2+}$and $Mg^{2+}$ were considerably different, which implys that composition of inorganics paly a role on conductivity removal.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1988

Alumina gel was prepared by the hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide Al(OC3H7i)3 at low temperature. Sample were calcined at the various temperatures for 10 houres in the electric furnace, respectively. In order to investigate the various propertis-thermal properties, pore size and distribution, and the transition of crystals, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry were employed. Transparent alumina gel was opalized at 1200$^{\circ}C$. Porosity was about 87% with pores below 0.7$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 55% at 1200$^{\circ}C$. The gel was transformed along the rising of temperature as follows; Boehmite\longrightarrow$\delta$-Al2O3\longrightarrow$\theta$\longrightarrowAl2O3\longrightarrow${\alpha}$-Al2O3.