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Intravenous immunoglobulin for severe gastrointestinal manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura refractory to corticosteroid therapy (스테로이드 치료에 반응하지 않는 심한 위장관 증세의 Henoch-Schönlein 자반증 환아에서 정맥 면역글로불린 치료)

  • Yang, Hye Ran;Choi, Won Jung;Ko, Jae Sung;Seo, Jeong Kee
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.784-789
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : $Henoch-Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis involving small vessels of skin, gastrointestinal(GI) tract and kidney. Digestive involvement of HSP can be serious with massive GI bleeding, perforation, and intussusception. However, some patients do not respond to conventional corticosteroid therapy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for serious digestive manifestations not responding to steroid. Methods : From April 1999 to January 2005, 22 children diagnosed as HSP with severe GI symptoms were included. Initially, all patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone. IVIG 2 g/kg of body weight was infused in children refractory to steroid therapy. Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among 22 children, 12 children underwent IVIG therapy. The mean duration of corticosteroid therapy was $5.61{\pm}4.9$ days before IVIG therapy, and 11 of 12 patients experienced disappearance of GI manifestations after the initiation of IVIG infusion. In one patient, IVIG was ineffective in relieving abdominal pain, but melena subsided. Comparison of the duration of hospitalization between IVIG group and corticosteroid group revealed no significant difference($12.8{\pm}7.6$ days vs. $13.2{\pm}7.8$ days, P=0.777). But, the total duration of abdominal pain decreased in IVIG group although the difference between two groups was not significant($8.8{\pm}8.1$ days vs. $14.8{\pm}16.9$ days, P=0.306). Among 10 children treated with steroid only, 2 children were operated for bowel perforation and intussusception. In contrast, there was no perforation in 12 children who underwent IVIG therapy. Conclusion : IVIG could be the alternative therapy to corticosteroids in children with severe digestive manifestations of HSP.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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Chemical Properties of Olive and Bay Leaves (올리브 잎과 월계수 잎의 화학적 특성)

  • Lee, Ok-Hwan;Lee, Hee-Bong;Lee, Junsoo;Son, Jong-Youn;Rhee, Seong-Kap;Kim, Hyun-Duk;Kim, Young-Chan;Lee, Boo-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.503-508
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    • 2005
  • The chemical properties of olive and bay leaves were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for food materialization and processing. The moisture contents of olive and bay leaves were $3.95\%$ and $8.50\%$, respectively. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrates of olive leaf were $11.04\%,\;7.45\%,\;5.05\%\;and\;76.46\%$, respectively. And the contents of same those components of bay leaf were $7.23\%,\;7.21\%,\;3.72\%\;and\;81.84\%$, respectively. Glutamic acid $(1086.8\;mg\%)$and aspartic acid $(918.8\;mg\%)$ in olive leaf were major amino acids, glutamic acid $(621.2\;mg\%)$ and leucine $(558.6\;mg\%)$ in bay leaf were the major amino acids. The major free sugar of olive leaf was sucrose $(1.55\%)$. Whereas major free sugar of bay leaf was glucose $(1.54\%)$. Palmitic acid $(olive\;33.0\%,\;bay\;17.8\%)$ and linolenic acid $(olive\;31.1\%,\;bay\;35.2\%)$ were major fatty acid in crude fat of both olive leaf and bay leaf. The Ca contents were the highest in olive leaf $(929.6\;mg\%)$and bay leaf $(836.2\;mg\%)$. Vitamin A contents of olive and bay leaves were 5.10 mg/100 g and 6.49 mg/100 g, respectively. Vitamin C contents of olive and bay leaves were 36.64 mg/100 g and 13.86 mg/100 g, respectively. But vitamin $B_6$ and $B_{12}$ were not detected.

Unmet Medical Service Needs in Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients (말기암환자 가족간병인의 미충족 의료 분석)

  • Shin, Woong Jae;Hwang, Sun Wook;Hwang, In Cheol;Choi, Youn Seon;Lee, Yong Joo;Kim, Young Sung;Shin, Ji Sung;Choi, Young Ho;Rim, Da Won;Kim, Han Sook
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The unmet medical service needs of caregivers critically influence their caring for terminal cancer patients, but not much research has been done in this regard. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between caregivers' characteristics and their unmet medical service needs. Methods: The survey was conducted with 109 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients admitted to four hospice units. The data were collected from March 2014 through December 2014 using a structured questionnaire. The unmet medical service needs were measured using 14 items which were adopted and modified by authors. Results: Seven areas of unmet medical service needs were shown to be significant. A well-educated group showed stronger needs for counsel about cancer screening and complementary-alternative medicine and health supplement food. A never-smoked group was identified with less need for sexual dysfunction counsel. Counsel about family and personal relations was more necessary for current drinkers and current workers, and less necessary for the married. Insurance counsel was more needed for a no-religion group. Occupation counsel was less necessary for healthy patients. Financial support was less necessary for the married group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is highly recommended to further investigate the unmet medical service needs of family caregivers for terminal cancer patients and causes of the unmet needs.

Prediction of High Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux in Infants Less than 3 Months with Urinary Tract Infection (3개월 미만 요로감염 영아에서 중증 방광 요관 역류의 예측인자)

  • Yi, Dae-Yong;Kim, Na-Yeon;Cho, Hee-Yeon;Kim, Ji-Eun;Sim, So-Yeon;Son, Dong-Woo;Jeon, In-Sang;Cha, Han
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Our aim was to investigate the predictive factors for detecting grade III-V vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in young infants less than 3 months with urinary tract infections (UTI). Methods : Data of infants who underwent ultrasonography and VCUG between January 2004 and September 2007 were reviewed. Age, gender, incidence of bacteremia, C-reactive protein(CRP) and imaging studies were compared between group I(grade III-V VUR) and group II (normal or grade I and II VUR) retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, odds ratio, and likelihood ratio of ultrasonography for high grade VUR were evaluated. Results : Among 54 enrolled infants(41 males, 13 females), 14 infants were group I and 40 infants were group II. In the group I, CRP level was significantly higher(6.11$\pm$5.18 vs. 3.27$\pm$3.45, P=0.025), and there were more ultrasonographic abnormal findings(71.4%, vs. 22.5%, P=0.002) compared with group II. However, ultrasonography was the only significant factor after adjusting with logistic regression(P=0.002). Incidence of bacteremia and abnormal DMSA findings were not significantly different in two groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of ultrasonography was 71.4%, 77.5%, 6.9 respectively. Negative predictive value was 88.6% and negative likelihood ratio was 0.37. Ultrasonography had significant negative likelihood ratio for grade III-V VUR, but missed 4 infants with grade III VUR. Conclusion : We could not find any alternative predictive factors to reduce VCUG in detecting high grade VUR. Therefore, VCUG must be considered in young infants less than 3 months with UTI.

Evaluation of Continuing Education Program to Enhance Competency for Hospice Volunteers: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Design (호스피스 자원봉사자 역량강화를 위한 지속교육의 효과: 혼합연구방법의 적용)

  • Seo, Minjeong;Cho, Han-A;Han, Sang Mi;Ko, Youngshim;Gil, Cho-Rong
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.185-197
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Hospice volunteers are serving an invisible yet pivotal role in the hospice and palliative care team. This study investigated how effectively a continuing education program could enhance hospice volunteers' competency. Methods: A total of 20 hours (four hours per week) of training was provided to 30 hospice volunteers who participated in the continuing education for hospice volunteers. Efficiency of the education was analyzed with an exploratory mixed-methods design. For quantitative analysis, the volunteers were asked, before and after the training, about their attitudes towards hospice care, what makes a meaningful life, self-efficacy and satisfaction with their volunteer service. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed using SPSS Window 20.0. For qualitative research, participants were placed in three groups for a focus group interview, and data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: A quantitative study result shows that this training can significantly affect hospice volunteers' attitudes and improve their self-efficacy. A qualitative study result shows that participants wanted to receive continuous education from the physical/psychosocial/spiritual aspects to better serve end-of-life patients and their family members even though they have to spare significant time for the volunteer service. They wanted to know how to take good care of patients without getting themselves injured and how to provide spiritual care. Conclusion: The continuing education program reflecting volunteers' requests is strongly needed to improve their competency. An effective continuing education requires continuous training and support in areas where hospice volunteers are interested in. A good alternative is to combine web-based and hands-on training, thereby allowing hospice volunteers freely take training that suits their interest.

The Effect of Issue-Centered Discussion in Home Economics on Middle School Students' Critical Thinking (쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업이 비판적 사고력에 미치는 효과)

  • 이영옥;채정현
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.63-77
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to construct an issue-centered discussion instructional model for Home Economics and to determine its effect on middle school students' critical thinking. The research questions were posed as below. 1) The object and content of home economics in the 7th national middle school curricula are analyzed to sort out possible issues. 2) An issue-centered discussion instructional model is constructed to be applicable to middle school home economics class. and a lesson plan is prepared. 3) The effect of the issue-centered discussion instructional model developed in this study on student critical thinking faculty is examined. The findings of this study were as follows : First. seven criteria were selected to determine what types of issues were applicable to home economics lesson. Based on the selected criteria. 41 themes of issues were extracted from the 7th middle school textbooks. and their content validity was verified. Second, an issue-centered discussion instructional model was designed to deal with four themes in eight sessions in the procedure of problem raising, confirming, term defining. tentative alternative selecting, data gathering. discussing/critical approaching. and selecting/concluding. Third, two different third-year classes of K middle school in the city of Busan that consisted of 75 students were respectively selected as an experimental group and a control group, and the experiment was conducted in eight sessions for five weeks to see whether the teaching plan brought any changes to the critical mind of the students. The experimental group exposed to the issue-centered discussion lesson made a significant progress in critical thinking faculty(P<.05). In particular. that instruction gave a favorable impact on demonstration evaluating(P<.05). one of the critical thinking subfactors. When the students were asked to assess the issue-centered discussion lesson. most of them viewed it favorably. In the future, more research efforts should be dedicated to enhancing the practical applicability of issue-centered discussion instruction in home economics education. developing good evaluation tools about critical thinking faculty and finding out how discussion instruction could be conducted more efficiently.

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Screening Methods for Plant-Coating Materials and Transpiration Inhibitory Effect of Soybean Oil to Crops (식물 코팅 소재 선발법과 작물들에 대한 콩 오일의 증산 억제 효과)

  • Jung, In Hong;Park, No Bong;Kim, Sang-Yeol;Na, Young-Eun;Kim, Soon-Il
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.380-391
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    • 2014
  • Plants as well as crops are damaged by a combination of the hot and dry winds that has been a major factor in the reduction of crop production. A means to protect them from damaging conditions is to consider a coating material. In this study, we established laboratory screening methods to find a coating material to protect a crop from rapid transpiration caused by various factors. In a test measuring the weight loss of kidney bean seedlings for 6 days, Avion treatments decreased its weight loss (P=0.05). Owing to long-time spend in completing this assay, we performed a more simple method using a cobalt chloride paper strip, which changes from blue to red colors under water condition. Beewax, guagum, paraffin liquid, soybean oil, and PE-635 gave a waterproofing effect above 37 and 43% at 0.5 and 1 h after treatment, respectively. However, these tested materials did not show significant waterproofing results at 2 h. Although the methods produced reasonable results, a screening method to obtain more objective data is needed. An alternative is to use an instrument that can detect the transpiration of crop leaves. In a preliminary test using barley leaves, a portable photosynthesis system showed transpiration inhibition of 2% soybean oil and 10 times-diluted Avion under field conditions. In another test using the leaves of maize seedlings and apricot tree, 2% liquid paraffin and plant oils such as apricot oil, linseed oil, olive oil, and soybean oil showed significant transpiration inhibition (P=0.05). Especially, paraffin liquid and soybean oil selected from above tests gave good transpiration inhibitory effects against rice at 2%. In addition, the mixture of 2% soybean oil and a spreader showed more elevated inhibition results comparing with soybean oil or the spreader alone indicating that the spreader may be attributed to more uniform diffusion of the hydrophobic material onto the leaf surface of maize seedlings. The hydrophobic material coated physically the stomata and cuticle layers on leaf surfaces of rice. These hydrophobic materials screened in this study are expected to be used as plant coating materials.

Development of System-Wide Functional Analysis Platform for Pathogenicity Genes in Magnaporthe oryzae

  • Park, Sook-Young;Choi, Jaehyuk;Choi, Jaeyoung;Kim, Seongbeom;Jeon, Jongbum;Kwon, Seomun;Lee, Dayoung;Huh, Aram;Shin, Miho;Jung, Kyungyoung;Jeon, Junhyun;Kang, Chang Hyun;Kang, Seogchan;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.9-9
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    • 2014
  • Null mutants generated by targeted gene replacement are frequently used to reveal function of the genes in fungi. However, targeted gene deletions may be difficult to obtain or it may not be applicable, such as in the case of redundant or lethal genes. Constitutive expression system could be an alternative to avoid these difficulties and to provide new platform in fungal functional genomics research. Here we developed a novel platform for functional analysis genes in Magnaporthe oryzae by constitutive expression under a strong promoter. Employing a binary vector (pGOF1), carrying $EF1{\beta}$ promoter, we generated a total of 4,432 transformants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We have analyzed a subset of 54 transformants that have the vector inserted in the promoter region of individual genes, at distances ranging from 44 to 1,479 bp. These transformants showed increased transcript levels of the genes that are found immediately adjacent to the vector, compared to those of wild type. Ten transformants showed higher levels of expression relative to the wild type not only in mycelial stage but also during infection-related development. Two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in the promotor regions of putative lethal genes, MoRPT4 and MoDBP5, showed decreased conidiation and pathogenicity, respectively. We also characterized two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in functionally redundant genes encoding alpha-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. These transformants also showed decreased mycelial growth and pathogenicity, implying successful application of this platform in functional analysis of the genes. Our data also demonstrated that comparative phenotypic analysis under over-expression and suppression of gene expression could prove a highly efficient system for functional analysis of the genes. Our over-expressed transformants library would be a valuable resource for functional characterization of the redundant or lethal genes in M. oryzae and this system may be applicable in other fungi.

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Exploration, Conflicts, Challenges, and Changes: A Teacher Educator's Self-Study for Secondary School Physics Instruction Course (탐색, 갈등, 도전, 그리고 변화 -물리교과교육 수업을 위한 한 교사교육자의 셀프스터디-)

  • Choi, Jaehyeok;Jo, Kwanghee;Joung, Yong Jae;Kim, Heekyong
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.739-756
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of the study is to reflect on 'myself' as a teacher educator of college of education in depth and to improve my instruction through self-study with three critical collaborators. 17 pre-service science teachers and I have participated in this study of a teacher educator's course since March 2016 after the preliminary practice in 2015. The video recorded the course for 11 weeks with about 40 hours of lessons. The data source also included teacher educator's reflective journals, lecture evaluations, online boards and so on. Questionnaires were distributed and answered both at the beginning and at the end of the course and pre-service teachers wrote their reflective journals. Four of them were in the focus group interviews. During the course, the weekly group meeting of critical collaborators analyzed the emerging issues based on the lesson clips and teacher educator's reflective journals with discussion for the course innovation. Four phases were revealed in the process and for the purpose of the course such as exploration, conflicts, challenges, and changes. The results showed that first, we identified tensions among the teacher educator's multiple identities as a lecturer, a faculty member, and a researcher. Second, there were differences between goals of teacher educator and pre-service teachers in the course, and this obstructed the success of the course sometimes. Third, these practices led to explore balanced alternative views and interpretations of the problem by critical views and to expand and improve our teaching practice and thinking. In addition, the self-study with critical collaborators helped to bring conflicts and issues below my practice to light for collaborative reflection and it gave a chance to understand ourselves as teacher educators in different ways.