• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

지구 온난화의 주 원인인 온실가스의 배출을 감소시키기 위해서 바이오연료에 대한 필요성 및 중요성이 제기되어 왔다. 이미 유럽을 중심으로 오래전부터 바이오디젤 연료에 대한 연구가 시작되어 왔으며 지금은 상용화 단계에 접어들고 있는 반면, 국내 바이오디젤 연료에 대한 연구 수준은 이제 시작단계에 불과한 실정이다. 바이오디젤 연료로 사용가능한 유지작물의 지방산 조성에 따라 자동차 엔진 성능이 저하될 수 있다는 문제가 제기되었고, 이를 해결하고자 표준화된 바이오디젤 품질 규격서가 마련되어졌다. 유럽에서 마련된 바이오디젤 규격에 의하면 올레인산 함량이 높은 기름이 바이오디젤 연료로 적합하며, 유채기름이 다른 유지작물의 기름에 비하여 바이오디젤 연료에 적합하다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 국내 유지작물의 바이오디젤 연료화를 위한 품질 개량과 생산량 증대를 위해 생명공학기술을 이용한 품종 개량에 관한 연구 전략에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2006

Concentrated poultry production in the State of Alabama, U.S.A. results in excessive poultry litter. Application of poultry litter to pastures and row crops serves as a cheap alternative to commercial fertilizer. However, over the years, poultry litter application to perennial forage crops in the Appalachian Plateau region of North Alabama has resulted in phosphorus (P) buildup in soils. Phosphorus index (P-index) and comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMP) are often used as a best management practice (BMP) for proper land application of litter. Because nutrient management planning is often not done for small animal feeding operations (AFOs), and also because, in case of excess litter, litter transportation infrastructure has not been developed, over application of poultry litter to near by area is a common practice. To alleviate this problem, optimal poultry litter management and transportation infrastructure needs to be developed. This paper presents a methodology to optimize poultry litter application and transportation through efficient nutrient management planning and transportation network analysis. The goal was accomplished through implementation of three important modules, a P-Index module, a CNMP module, and a transportation network analysis module within ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS). The CNMP and P-Index modules assist with land application of poultry litter at a rate that is protective of water quality, while the transportation network analysis module helps transport excess litter to areas requiring litter in the Appalachian Plateau and Black Belt (a nutrient-deficient area) regions. Once fully developed and implemented, such a system will help alleviate water quality problems in the Appalachian Plateau region and poor soil fertility problems in the Black Belt region by optimizing land application and transportation. The utility of the methodology is illustrated through a hypothetical case study.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Allelopathic activity of rotation crop residues to common weeds and selectivity of crops were studied for developing an alternative weed control strategy in upland organic farming. All rotation crop residues with various ratios suppressed weed growth, but the growth of crop species stimulated a little when those were grown with the mixture of rotation crop residues except a few crop species. Among the rotation crop residues used in this study hairy vetch was the most effective, followed by Chinese milkvetch, barley and rye in suppression of weed growth. The 90:10 (crop:soil, v/v) treatments incorporation rate of crop residues such as hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch suppressed completely the growth of all weed species tested in this study. The effect of crop residues on suppression of weed growth reduced to 90% when the incorporation rates decreased to 60% [60:40 (crop:soil, v/v). It was noticed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to rotation crop residues than grass weed species. In the influence of crop residues on the crop growth, no growth inhibition was found in red pepper, lettuce and perllia at any incorporation rates, but tomato, cucumber and corn were slightly inhibited in a few cases at their highest incorporation levels. This study demonstrated that rotation crop residues especially hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch have high herbicidal effects against weeds without inhibiting the growth of crop species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

Starch serves not only as an energy source for plants, animals, and humans but also as an environmentally friendly alternative for fossil fuels. Progress in understanding of starch biosynthesis, and the isolation of many genes involved in this process have enabled the genetic modification of crops in a rational manner to produce novel starches with improved functionality. Starch is composed of two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. The amylose and amylopectin ratio in starch affects its physical and physicochemical properties. Alteration in starch structure can be achieved by modifying genes encoding the enzymes responsible for starch biosynthesis and starch hydrolysis. Here, we describe recent findings concerning the starch modification in sweetpotato. Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] ranks seventh in annual production among food crops in the world as an important starch source. To develop transgenic sweetpotato plants with modifying starch composition, we constructed transformation vectors overexpressing granule bound starch synthase I and inhibiting amylopectin synthesis genes such as starch branching enzyme and isoamylase under the control of 35S promoter, respectively. Transformation of sweetpotato (cv. Yulmi) is in progress.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

In this paper, soilless cucumber cultivation was investigated, fermented fertilizer to increase the cucumber yield was considered, and the greenhouse temperature control system for cucumber cultivation is developed. To do this, perlite was proposed to replace soil as growth medium. Fermented cows and pigs manure was proposed as plant fertilizer. Combination of fan, water sprinkler, and pipe heating system was proposed to control the greenhouse temperature. However, because this research was conducted during the summer, the greenhouse system observed in this study only focused on variations in the flow rate of the water sprinkles used. The experimental result shows that soilless culture in the greenhouse could be an alternative to traditional field production for high-value vegetable crops. Furthermore, application of fermented fertilizer of 10% could enhance the growth and increase the yield and quality of crops. The proposed sprinkler flow rate is best suited for cucumber crop with the best thrives was 0.846 kg/s.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of wastewater reuse for the vegetable farming. The study region, about 250 ha in size, is located on the west coast of Jejudo, Korea. Major agricultural products of the study area are the cabbage, broccoli, garlic and onion. To confirm the feasibility of wastewater reuse, the drought duration and the water requirement analysis were conducted respectively. The average annual precipitation of the study region (1,121 mm) was smaller than that of Jeju island (1,975 mm). The drought duration for a ten-year return period in October through November was more than 20 days. The water requirement for irrigation was calculated by the FAQ Penman-Monteith method which took into account the cultivated crops, planting system, and meteorological conditions of the study region. The water requirement for a ten-year return period was estimated 4.7 mm/day and the water demand for irrigation was $4,584\;m^3/day$. As a result, the irrigation water for the crops was insufficient during their breeding season, especially in October through November. Thus, the result indicated that the study region required the alternative water supply such as wastewater reuse during the non-rainy season. As drought continues to place considerable stress on the availability of fresh water supplies in the study region, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater will play an important role in helping to meet future water demands.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.679-684
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• 2022

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide, and the causative agent is the filamentous ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae. With the successful cloning of more and more avirulence genes from M. oryzae, the direct extraction of M. oryzae genomic DNA from infected rice tissue would be useful alternative for rapid monitoring of changes of avirulence genes without isolation and cultivation of the pathogen. In this study, a fast, low-cost and reliable method for DNA preparation of M. oryzae from a small piece of infected single rice leaf or neck lesion was established. This single step method only required 10 min for DNA preparation and conventional chemical reagents commonly found in the laboratory. The AvrPik and AvrPi9 genes were successfully amplified with the prepared DNA. The expected DNA fragments from 570 bp to 1,139 bp could be amplified even three months after DNA preparation. This method was also suitable for DNA preparation from M. oryzae strains stored on the filter paper. All together these results indicate that the DNA preparation method established in this study is reliable, and could meet the basic needs for polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of M. oryzae.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2024

Crop classification plays a vitalrole in monitoring agricultural landscapes and enhancing food production. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models for crop classification, focusing on distinguishing between apple and rice crops. The aim wasto overcome the challenges associatedwith finding phenology-based classification thresholds by utilizing LSTM to capture the entire Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)trend. Our methodology involvestraining the LSTM model using a reference site and applying it to three separate three test sites. Firstly, we generated 25 NDVI imagesfrom the Sentinel-2A data. Aftersegmenting study areas, we calculated the mean NDVI values for each segment. For the reference area, employed a training approach utilizing the NDVI trend line. This trend line served as the basis for training our crop classification model. Following the training phase, we applied the trained model to three separate test sites. The results demonstrated a high overall accuracy of 0.92 and a kappa coefficient of 0.85 for the reference site. The overall accuracies for the test sites were also favorable, ranging from 0.88 to 0.92, indicating successful classification outcomes. We also found that certain phenological metrics can be less effective in crop classification therefore limitations of relying solely on phenological map thresholds and emphasizes the challenges in detecting phenology in real-time, particularly in the early stages of crops. Our study demonstrates the potential of LSTM models in crop classification tasks, showcasing their ability to capture temporal dependencies and analyze timeseriesremote sensing data.While limitations exist in capturing specific phenological events, the integration of alternative approaches holds promise for enhancing classification accuracy. By leveraging advanced techniques and considering the specific challenges of agricultural landscapes, we can continue to refine crop classification models and support agricultural management practices.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

As topographic characteristics of Korea where 64 % of the national land area is forest and only 17 % is being used as farmland, remediation of farmland contaminated by heavy metals is a considerably important issue. In this study, as an alternative of practically and effectively remediating farmland which was abandoned as its crop plants exceeded maximum residue limit of heavy metals due to mining impact, applicability of stabilization method was examined through the pilot-scale field experiment. Three plots ($L{\times}W{\times}D=3m{\times}2m{\times}0.3m$) were installed at the selected farmland and in plot 1, only soil of the selected farmland was applied, in pilot 2, soil of the selected farmland plus 3 % limestone (w/w) was applied and in pilot 3, soil of the selected farmland plus 3 % limestone was applied and then uncontaminated soil was covered thereon (0.3 m). After that, seeds of radish, Korean cabbage and soybean of which characteristics of edible portions are different were sowed on each plot and cultivated. Afterwards, at a proper harvesting time (app. 80 days later), crop plants and soil were collected and phytoavailability (0.11 M HOAc extractable) of heavy metals in soil and accumulated concentration of heavy metal in edible portion of crop plants were examined. As a result, it was revealed that phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil added with limestone (plot 2) was clearly reduced compared with plot 1 (untreated) and owing to this treatment, accumulated concentration of heavy metals in edible portion of crops was also clearly reduced compared with plot 1. While radish cultivated in plot 1 had exceeded maximum residue limit of agricultural products, in particular, plot 2 using limestone had shown concentration lower than maximum residue limit and this plot had shown little difference with 3 plot where crop was cultivated in uncontaminated soil cover. Therefore, it was considered that for abandoned farmland like the selected farmland, reducing mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals and reducing crop uptake through stabilization method would be an effective and practical alternative for producing safe agricultural products on a sustained basis.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

Agricultural water management has gained enormous attention in the developing world to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger and conserve ecosystems in small-scale production systems of resource-poor farmers. The story of food security in the $21^{st}$ century in India is likely t o be closely linked to the story of water security. Today, the water resource is under severe threat. The past experiences in India in general and in Andhra Pradesh in particular, indicated inappropriate management of irrigation has led to severe problems like excessive water depletion, reduction in water quality, water logging, salinization, marked reduction in the annual discharge of some of the rivers, lowering of ground water tables due to pumping at unsustainable rates, intrusion of salt water in some coastal areas etc. Considering the importance of irrigation water resource efficiency, Krishna Western Delta (KWD) of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for this in depth study, as the farming community in this area are severely affected due to severe soil salinity and water logging problems and hence, adoption of different water saving crop production technologies deserve special mention. It is quite disappointing that, canals, tube wells and filter points and other wells could not contribute much to the irrigated area in KWD. Due to less contribution from these sources, the net area irrigated also showed declining growth at a rate of -6.15 per cent. Regarding paddy production, both SRI and semi-dry cultivation technologies involves less irrigation cost (Rs. 2475.21/ha and Rs. 3248.15/ha respectively) when compared to transplanted technology (Rs. 4321.58/ha). The share of irrigation cost in Total Operational Cost (TOC) was highest for transplanted technology of paddy (11.06%) followed by semi-dry technology (10.85%) and SRI technology (6.21%). The increased yield and declined cost of cultivation of paddy in SRI and semi-dry production technologies respectively were mainly responsible for the low cost of production of paddy in SRI (Rs. 495.22/qtl) and semi-dry (Rs. 532.81/qtl) technologies over transplanted technology (Rs. 574.93/qtl). This clearly indicates that, by less water usage, paddy returns can be boosted by adopting SRI and semi-dry production technologies. Both the system-level and field-level interventions should be addressed to solve the issues/problems of water management. The enabling environment, institutional roles and functions and management instruments are posing favourable picture for executing the water management interventions in the State of Andhra Pradesh in general and in KWD in particular. This facilitates the farming community to harvest good crop per unit of water resource used in the production programme. To achieve better results, the Farmers' Organizations, Water Users Associations, Department of Irrigation etc., will have to aim at improving productivity per unit of water drop used and this must be supported through system-wide enhancement of water delivery systems and decision support tools to assist farmers in optimizing the allocation of limited water among crops, selection of crops based on farming situations, and adoption of appropriate alternative crops in drought years.