• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

To obtain basic information for evaluating resistance of soil acidification for growth, net photosynthesis, $N_2$ fixation rate and nutrient status of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta seedlings grown in brown forest soil acidified with $H_2SO_4$ or $HNO_3$ solution were investigated (control (pH=5.9), LN (pH=5.0; Low levels of Nitric acid), HN (pH=4.0; High levels of Nitric acid), LS (pH=5.0; Low levels of Sulfuric acid), and HS (pH=4.0; High levels of Sulfuric acid)). The shoot dry weight of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta and the root dry weight of Alnus hirsuta seedlings grown in the HN, LS and HS were significantly less than that of the seedlings grown in the control. The Chlorophyll a/b ratio in leaves of Alnus firma at LN, LS and HS was significantly lower than that of control. The concentration of N in leaves of Alnus hirsuta at HS was significantly higher than that of control. The net photosynthetic rate of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta seedlings at LN and HN was higher than that of control. Based on the results, we concluded that the negative effects of soil acidification due to sulfate deposition are greater than those of soil acidification due to nitrate deposition on growth, net photosynthesis and $N_2$ fixation rate of Alnus firma more than Alnus hirsuta.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 1993

Root nodule specific proteins of Alnus hirsuta were examined. SDS-PAGE pattern of the Alnus root nodule was simpler than that of soybean, showing five nodule specific proteins whose molecular weights were 48, 40, 36, 26 and 19 kD, respectively. Among them, 48 kD protein existed most abundantly and were composed of two subunits whose pI value were 4.0 and 4.3, respectively. The 48 kD protein seemed to be a heme containing protein based on reaction with diaminobenzidine. Although 19 kD protein was present in small amount, it was most similar to leghemoglobin in terms of its molecular weight.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1989

An endophyte was isolated from the root nodule of alnus hirsuta. The isolated endophyte was identified as a Frankia sp. through morphological characteristics. Their infectivity and effectivity were confirmed by nitrogen-fixing root nodules induced on inoculated Alnus seedlings. Reisolated endophyte from the induced nodule showed identical morphological characteristics as the first isolate, showing the nodule was induced by the first isolate. Consequently, the first isolate was confirmed as a true symbiont of Almus hirsuta root nodule. The isolate was designated as a Frankia SNU 014201 strain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.547-552
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• 1999

Phytochemical examination of the leaves of Alnus hirsuta, one of the indigenous species grows in Korea, has led to the isolation of one flavan 3-ol and two flavonol glycosides. Structures of these compounds are identified as (-)-epicatechin (1), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (2), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (3) by means of physico-chemical and spectral evidences.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.885-888
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• 2002

Four diarylheptanoids, (5R)-1,7-bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (1), (5R)-1,7-bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-ol (2), oregonin (3), hirsutanonol (4), were isolated from the bark of Alnus hirsuta Turcz and its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis by measuring the melanin level and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cell were examined. Melanin level and tyrosinase activity were reduced to 75 to 85% by addition of diarylheptanoids to incubation medium of the melanoma cell. On the other hand, melanin level and tyrosinase activity were reduced to 13 to 43% by the addition of diarylheptanoids to incubation medium of the melanoma cell treated with melanogenesis stimulator, $\alpha$-MSH and forskolin. These melanogenesis inhibitory effects were significantly different compared with control.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 1990

Callus-inducing ability of Alnus hirsuta was examined by culturing various tissues (leaf, hypocotyl, cotyledon and seed) on NT (Nagata & Takebe) medium, supplemented with 2.5$\mu$M 2,4-D. Leaf-originated callus was cultured on media varying in auxin (IBA and NAA) and cytokinin (BAP) concentrations to examine the effects of auxin and cytokinin on callus growth. Maximum growth was obtained at 10 $\mu$M IBA+10$\mu$M BAP and 10$\mu$M NAA without cytokinin. Cell suspensions established from cotyledon-originated callus yielded viable protoplasts after incubation for 16-18 hours in an enzyme mixture (1% (w/v) Onozuka R-10 0.5% (w/v) Macerozyme, CPW salts and 13% (w/v) mannitol, pH 5.8). Protoplasts were cultured on NT medium, supplemented with glucose, hormones and coconut milk. After 6 weeks of culture, protoplasts sustained cell divisions to form microcallus, which showed various colors from red to white.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 1990

The structural changes in the vascular cambium and secondary xylem Alnus hirsuta (SPACH) Rupr. have been investigated in relation to the girth of the tree. The fusiform initials gain a gradual size increase and later remain more or less constant in their length and width. The width of the ray initials remain constant but their heights gradually increase before becoming almost constant. Xylem elements undergo considerable changes in their dimension with the growing girth of the tree and their trends of structural changes are the same as those of cambium.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Variation at 25 allozyme loci in Korean wateralder (Alnus hirsuta Rupr.) from nine distinct populations was measured to estimate the amount and pattern of genetic diversity and population structure. The mean genetic diversity within population was 0.166. Korean alder populations have slightly high levels of genetic diversity compared to those present in associated temperature-zone species and two Canadian alder species. Among population s genetic differentiation accounted for an significant 9% of the total variation. High gene flow(Nm=2.63) was observed. Analysis of fixation indices, calculated for all polymorphic loci in each population, showed a substantial deficiency of heterozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The mean GST value A. hirsuta in Korea (GST = 0.087) is similar to those of A. rogosa in Canada (GST = 0.052). These low values of GST in two countries. reflecting little spatial genetic differentiation, may indicate extensive gene flow (via pollen and/or seeds) and/or recent colonization. These factors reduce the effect of geographic isolation of breeding and the chance for genetic divergence. A pattern of increasing is observed with increasing rainfall per year. Regression analysis indicates that 54% (F = 4.67) of the variability observed can be explained by this relationship.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2000

Chemical investigation of the stem bark of Alnus hirsuta Turcz var. sibirica (Betulaceae), one of the indigenous Alnus species growing in Korea has led to the isolation of five diarylheptanoids. Structures of these compounds were identified as hirsutenone (1), hirsutanonol (2), oregonin (3), (5S)-1,$7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptan-3-one-5-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4) and (5R)-1,$7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5) by the analysis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with the data of authentic samples.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

Shoot tip explants from germinated seeds of Alnus hirsuta were cultured on NT (Nagata and Takebe, 1971) mineral salts medium supplemented with 6% glucose, MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) vitamin mixture, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and $0-50\;\mu\textrm{M}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Five $\mu\textrm{M}$ BAP was found to give the highest shoot multiplication rate. Accordingly about 200 shoots were obtained for further experiments by multiplying shoots on this medium for 4-5 months. Regardless of carbon sources, NT mineral medium produced 3-12 times of shoots than MS mineral medium did. On NT mineral medium, 3% sucrose, 3% glucose and 6% glucose yielded no significant differences. It was observed that media consisting of 1/4-1/2 strength NT mineral salts, 3% sucrose and $1-8\;\mu\textrm{M}$ IBA produced about 100% rooting rate. Almost 100% of the resulting plantlets survived after transfer to the soil by decreasing humidity stepwise.epwise.